Define the factors affecting solubility.

Define the factors affecting solubility.
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1 Answer

Answer :

Ans : Factors Affecting Solubility.
The solubility of solute in a solvent is affected by the following factors.
(a) Temperature.
(b) Pressure.
(c) Nature of Solute.
(d) Nature Of Solvent.
(a) Effect Of Temperature :
 (1) On solubility of solid in liquid :
The solubility of a solid substance or partially miscible liquids in solvent increases with the increase of temperature.
Example :
Solubility of sugar in water at 0 degree
C is 179 g/100 ml.
Solubility of sugar in water at 100 degree
C is 487 g/100 ml.
 (2) On solubility of gases in liquid :
The solubility of gases in a liquid decreases with the increase in temperature.
Example :
Solubility of sugar in water at 0 degree
C is 179 g/100 ml.
Solubility of sugar in water at 100 degree
C is 487 g/100 ml.
(b) Effect Of Pressure :
 (1) On solubility of solids & liquids :
The solubility of solids and liquids are not affected by pressure.
 (2) On solubility of gas in a liquid :
The solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas. This is also called
Henry’s law.
Formula :
 If ‘m’ represents the amount of gas dissolved and ‘P’ represents pressure of gas then :
m α P
 or
m = KP
Example :
Soft drinks like Pepsi & Coca cola are filled in bottles under high pressure of CO2 gas and when the bottle is open , pressure decreases inside the bottle and CO2 bubbles comes out from liquid.
(c) Effect Of Nature of Solute and Solvent :
Nature of solute & solvent such as polar or non –polar substances have effects on the solubility.
 Polar and ionic solutes easily dissolves in polar solvents.
 Non-polar solutes easily dissolves in non-polar solvents.
Example :
Ionic compound NaCl easily dissolves in polar solvent like water but insoluble in non-polar solvent like benzene or petrol.
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