Following are the causes/reasons grid system fault: 1. Major imbalance between generation and consumption i.e. demand is more than generation. 2. Low frequency, due to some faults the frequency mismatches i.e (49.5 to 50.3 Hz). If the frequency is falls or above the permissible limit then, there is possibility of failure of power grid. If fault is not clear in permissible time. 3. Due to breaking of conductor or due to short circuit between two conductors fault occurs which leads to failure of grid. If we cannot clear this fault in less than 1000 millisecond. 4. Power surges causes rapid overheating tends to lead failure of grid. 5. Minor fault in high voltage equipment’s if not attended over a period of time results in a total breakdown of equipment suddenly causing grid failure. 6. Illegal utilization of electricity (theft of energy) is also a major reason for power grid failure. 7. Ageing of power equipment’s have higher failure rates increases the risk of frequent breakdown. 8. Due to failure of grid connected one of the generator units suddenly. Then load is shifted to other generator causes cascade tripping due to over loading. 9. Due to ineffective power delivery planning, co-ordination, supervision and control over generation system causes failure of grid (Due to ineffective work of LDC).
Impact of grid system fault: 1. All industries are badly affected due to failure of supply and causes huge losses. 2. All health care centers (Major hospitals) are badly affected due to failure of supply and causes disturbance in treatment on emergency patients. 3. Drinking water supply system are badly affected due to failure of supply and causes insufficient/no water supply. 4. All electrical long route trains, local trains, tramways, metro and railway signal system are badly affected due to failure of supply and causes inconvenience. 5. All communication system is badly affected due to failure of supply and causes inconvenience to people. 6. Disturb the routine work of common all people.