The various types of casting defects are as follows:
1. Gas Porosity: Blowholes, open holes, pinholes.
2. Shrinkage defects: shrinkage cavity.
3. Mold material defects: Cut and washes, swell, drops, metal penetration, rat tail.
4. Pouring metal defects: Cold shut, misrun, slag inclusion.
Metallurgical defects: Hot tears, hot spot.