Equivalent circuit of transformer:
Let V1 is the AC supply given to primary winding of transformer.
R1 is the resistance of primary winding.
X1 is the leakage reactance of primary winding.
I1 is primary current.
Io is no load current.
Ic is core loss current.
Rc is core loss resistance. Core loss is also called as iron loss, which is hysteresis loss and Eddy current loss.
Im is the magnetizing current.
Xm is the magnetizing reactance.
I1' is the current through primary winding.
E1 is the primary induced EMF.
N1 is the number of turns at primary winding.
N2 is the number of turns at secondary winding.
E2 is the secondary induced EMF.
R2 is the resistance of secondary winding.
X2 is the leakage reactance of secondary winding.
I2 is the secondary current.
ZL is the inductive load.
V2 is the output voltage.
Equivalent Circuit Diagram of Transformer Referred to Primary:
V1 -Primary Input voltage
I1 - Input Current
I0- Exciting current/ No load current
Im- Magnetizing component of no load current
Iw-Working component of no load current
R0- Core loss resistance
X0- magnetizing reactance
R1 -Primary winding resistance
X1 - Primary winding reactance
E1 –Induced emf in Primary winding
R2′ - Secondary winding resistance referred to primary
X2′- Secondary winding reactance referred to primary
I2-Secondary winding current
I2′– Primary equivalent of secondary current
K- Transformation ratio
V2- Secondary terminal voltage
V2′- Primary equivalent of secondary terminal voltage
ZL– Load impedance
ZL ′- Primary equivalent of load impedance