How two fuses in-series are discriminated? 

1 Answer

Answer :

Total I2 t of minor fuse should be less than pre-arcing I2 t of major fuse. Major fuse should be greater than 1.5 times the minor fuse. 

Related questions

Description : Why fuses with fusing factor more than 1.5 is not allowed in PVC cables? 

Last Answer : Because PVC cables have low thermal capacity than paper cables. Full loading of PVC only possible if it has close excess current protection (i.e.) Fusing Factor = 1.5 

Description : State necessity of series connection and parallel connection of batteries.

Last Answer : Necessity of series connection of batteries: 1. The batteries are available with some specific terminal voltages. e. g. 6V, 12V, 24V, 48V etc. 2. If we want to have some terminal voltage other than ... batteries of capacities I1, I2, I3, I4 . are connected in parallel, all having identical emfs.

Description : What is the advantage of CMM relay over normal Inv. O/C current relay?

Last Answer : Inv. O/C relay under protects at low current and over protects at high currents. CMM: accounts for both +ve and -ve sequence currents i.e. Single phasing / unbalance supply conditions ... closely matched to motor heating characteristic. So it is better than thermal overload relay also. 

Description : What is advantage of cast resin CT’s? 

Last Answer : Can withstand bursting forces under short ckt, protect damages against external causes impervious to moisture.  

Description : Where wound type CT used and where not used?

Last Answer : Used where low CT ratio req. Not used where high short ckt. Current exists.

Description : What is the safety reason to keep the contactor / MCC remote from motor?  

Last Answer : Contactor = sparking equipment. Not suiting for hazardous location.  

Description : Why OLR time set high for belt driven fans?

Last Answer : Because acceleration time is high.  

Description : What is the advantage of lower cut off current? 

Last Answer : Less electromagnetic forces on contactor / CB’s  

Description : How the contact resistance can increase?  

Last Answer : Humidity + salty air, dust, poor contact pressure 

Description : Can we file the pitted contacts of contactor?

Last Answer : No, use emery paper and etc.  

Description : Why pick up voltage is more than drop out voltage? 

Last Answer : Initially air gap is more. Large force is required to overcome the high reluctance initially. After closing air gap is reduced. Hence drop voltage is reduced.  

Description : What material used for contactor?

Last Answer : Silver-nickel for

Description : Why pure silver is not used in contactor? 

Last Answer : Affected by sulphur, mechanical or arcing damages (adv. Lower voltage drop) 

Description : Why copper contact are not used in contactor? 

Last Answer : Because corrosion rate increases. Poor surface property , large closing force required. 

Description : Why shading rings provided in armature core of ac contactor. Why not for dc contactor? 

Last Answer : Because the force developed is not steady in ac therefore contacts will chatter but if shading ring is used force developed becomes steady due to splitting of phases of flux, therefore contacts becomes bounce free and humming sound reduces.  

Description : Can we use ac coils in dc circuit? 

Last Answer : Yes with economy resistor in series.  

Description : Can we use AC contactor in DC circuit?  

Last Answer : Yes, but with adequate de-rating.  

Description : What decides the control transformer VA rating?  

Last Answer : Contactor coil VA rating.  

Description : Why auto transfer is blocked for back up protection?

Last Answer : Because Backup protection operates normally for bus faults. All main protections are generally operating for internal faults therefore there is no point in restoring the power supply through auto transfer when there is a bus fault existing. 

Description : Why parallel operations of classIII buses are not permitted? 

Last Answer : Fault on one side affects the other buses, switchgear fault level rating is exceeded.  

Description : What are the advantages and disadvantages of 415V English Electric breaker? 

Last Answer : Advantages 1. Auto reclosing shutters. 2. Proven wiping contacts. 3. Sturdy rugged mechanism. 4. Reliable aux. Switches contacts. 5. Slow closing facility independent of closing spring. ... also. No neutral bus bar link, we cannot finger contact resistance since fixed on bus side. 

Description : What are the difference between DCCB and ACCB? 

Last Answer : DCCB Two poles seriesed for one side. Breaker is adequately de-rated for use in dc circuits. Only DINF, DIRS provided. DIT 5 will not work for dc. In GFB, magnetic blowout coils ... wave helps arc quenching. For DCCB arc quenching is difficult, since current zero is not existing naturally. 

Description : What are the protections provided in charger?  

Last Answer : 1. Over load (49). 2. Over voltage (59). 3. Short-circuit (3250 Amps). 4. Phase sequence and phase fail. 5. di/dt and dv/dt protection. 

Description : What is the rating of switchyard battery charger and batteries? 

Last Answer : Switchyard is having Float cum boost charger of 282 V DC maximum and 100 Amps rated charger of six-pulse full wave thyristerised controlled rectifier. Batteries are tubular 220 V DC. +ve plate is made ... minutes. Specific gravity 1110 5 and specific gravity after 10 hrs discharge is 1150 5. 

Description : What are the functions of charger? 

Last Answer : 1. For initial charging. 2. For float charging. 3. For battery equalizing charging. 4. For battery boost charging. 5. To supply normal DC loads. 

Description : What are the tests for battery? 

Last Answer : Conduct test – to check the capacity batteries Impedance test – to check the utilization of active materials. 

Description : What type of thermometer is used for acid batteries? 

Last Answer : Alcohol type thermometer.  

Description : What are the effects of low temperature?  

Last Answer : Increased electrolyte viscosity.  

Description : What are the effects of high temperature? 

Last Answer : Gassing of electrolyte and evaporation Service life is halved for every 8 deg increase above 25 deg. 

Description : What are the effects of under charging? 

Last Answer : Sulphation Buckling of plates 

Description : What you mean by Drooping characteristics of charger?

Last Answer : When the charger is connected to excess load of charger rating the charger should able to supply the load with out over loaded by maintaining the terminal voltage within limit without over load trip. This called a drooping output voltage characteristics. 

Description : What are the effects of over charging? 

Last Answer : Gassing Heating Loosening of plate active material 

Description : What are the different types of charging? 

Last Answer : (Normally always) Float charging - 2.15V per cell It maintains the battery fully charged condition during standby operation by delivering a small amount of current to cancel the effect of battery ... quick charging process, which is generally required, if the battery is drained to a large extent.

Description : What are the main parts of lead acid battery?

Last Answer : a. Container b. Lead dioxide positive plates c. Lead negative plates d. Post strap and seal assemble e. Separators and retainers f. Sulphuric acid electrolyte g. Inter cell connector (lead plated copper) 

Description : Why battery capacity limits to 20 minute?

Last Answer : Battery cost is more. It is better to restore class 3 faster by DG set then putting large battery. 20 min, is enough to shutdown the unit safely. 

Description : Why ungrounded 250V DC system adopted in our system?

Last Answer : The 250V DC system is feeding to some of the vital loads such as breaker control etc. Even if one ground has occurred then also these controls should be available. Continuous monitoring of ground current is employed to eliminate the by passing of logic due to double ground. 

Description : What types of lighting fittings are used in the battery room?

Last Answer : Flame proof acid resistant  

Description : Acid should be poured to water. Why is it so? 

Last Answer : When acid and water is mixed lot of heat is generated. Hence there is chances of splashing of the liquid. If water is poured to acid will splash causing injuries. In the other case splashing will be of water with concentration of acid, which will not hazardous as the other one. 

Description : What you meant by shedding? 

Last Answer : During the charging and discharging the active materials will undergo volumetric changes. Due to this some of the material may not be retained with the parent material and will shed and collected at the ... loss of active material is called shedding. Due to this the cell will loose its capacity.  

Description : What is meant by sulphation of the cell? 

Last Answer : During the discharge lead sulphate is produced and during the charging the same is converted back into lead and lead peroxide. If the cell is left under charged, lead sulphate would form which will ... lead and lead peroxide during charging. Due to this the cell will loose its original capacity. 

Description : Why temperature correction required?

Last Answer : As temperature increases, specific gravity decreases. The hydrometer immersion is more, showing lower readings. Therefore 10ºC raises, 7 points to be added, corrected to get 27 ºC reading.  

Description : What is the other effect of low temperature? 

Last Answer : When specific gravity decreases, acid freezing point increases, soon reached at low temperature, volume increases container cracks. 

Description : What happens after aging? 

Last Answer : Shedding of active material during charging. Shedding increases with overcharging, heavy discharge, batteries short ckt.

Description : Why aged battery consumes more water? 

Last Answer : As aging increases, antimony migrates to negative plate Æ secondary cell reaction. Therefore more charging current require Æ more water consumption. 

Description : Why current reduced after gassing? 

Last Answer : Excessive gassing shortens the life of battery by scouring the active materials at the surface of the plates. 

Description : How H2 O2 generated in lead acid battery?  

Last Answer : At end of charge, when most of the Pb is converted. H2 O2 generated from H2O. O2 appears as gas at positive plate. H2 at negative plate, i.e. gassing starts. 

Description : Why ventilation is essential for Ni-Cad also? 

Last Answer : Gases evolved H2 O2 can form explosive mixture.  

Description : What are the effects of temperature in lead acid battery?  

Last Answer : Higher electrolyte temp - ah capacity increases but life reduces. Lower electrolytic temp - ah capacity reduces since chemical reaction rate reduces. 

Description : What are the disadvantages of nickel cadmium battery? 

Last Answer : Status of charge not known Number of cells are more Cost very high Environmental protection agency considers cadmium as a hazardous material, difficult to discard at the end of life. 

Description : Why battery room should be located separately in a power station? 

Last Answer : Possibility of battery explosion Corrosive atmosphere by acid spray. Fire hazard.