With the help of neat diagram, explain operation of static relay.

1 Answer

Answer :

Operation of Static Relay:

image

Operation: 1) The solid-state component used are transistors, diodes, resistors, IC‟s, capacitor etc. The function of comparison and measurement are accomplished by static circuits. 2) Here the relaying quantity i.e. output of CT or PT or a transducer is rectified by rectifier. 3) The rectified output is supplied to a relay measuring unit comprising of comparators, level detectors, filters and logic circuits. 4) The output of relay measuring unit is amplified by the amplifier and fed to the output device which actuates the trip circuit as per requirement. 5) An auxiliary dc supply is provided for operation of static relay elements as shown in figure.

Related questions

Description : Describe the construction and Operation of Buchholz relay with neat labeled diagram.

Last Answer : Construction of Buchholz Relay: It takes the form of a domed vessel placed in the connecting pipe between the main tank and the conservator. The device has two elements. The upper element ... manner that it senses the sudden violent movement of oil/gas from transformer tank to conservator. 

Description : Explain Buchholz relay with neat labelled diagram.

Last Answer : Buchholz relay: The relay is located in the path of the oil from transformer tank to conservator. As seen from diagram, the upper mercury switch operates the alarm circuit due to tilting of the ... manner that it senses the sudden violent movement of oil from transformer tank to conservator.

Description : Describe the operation of current differential relay with neat sketch.

Last Answer : Operation of Current Differential Relay: Figure shows an arrangement of an overcurrent relay connected to operate as a differential relay for alternator protection under fault conditon. ... current flows through relay coil, causing relay to operate for protection of alternator winding.

Description : Explain operation of µP based relay with block diagram

Last Answer : Operation of Microprocessor (µP) based relay: The inputs from the power system through CTs and PTS are received by the analog Input receiver; they are sampled simultaneously or ... compares the dynamic inputs and decides accordingly to generate trip/alarm signal to the output device.

Description : With neat diagram explain the operation of Horizontal break isolator.

Last Answer : Operation of Horizontal Break Isolator: 1) Fixed female contacts of metal are supported on stack of insulator. 2) Male contact rod is connected to central insulating support which can be ... on galvanized steel channel or steel frame. The moving male contact can be move through 90o.

Description : With a neat sketch, explain the working of Thermal relay.

Last Answer : Working of Thermal Relay: 1) When the system is in normal operating condition, the heating element carries normal current from CT, this current produces heat = I2Rt. This heat ... of the spring releases which operates relay contacts resulting into providing trip signal to trip circuit.

Description : Explain operation of balanced beam type relay.

Last Answer : Balanced Beam Type Relay: Under normal operating condition the current through relay coil is such that the beam is held in the horizontal position by the spring. When the fault occurs on the system the ... becomes greater than pick-up value and beam is attracted to close the trip circuit. 

Description : Explain construction and operation of induction type directional over current relay.

Last Answer : Directional overcurrent relay: Construction: It consists of two units: i) Non-directional Over-current unit ii) Directional power unit The directional unit consists of upper electromagnet ... closes the trip circuit. This operates circuit breaker which isolates the faulty section. 

Description : Explain the “Differential Protection Scheme” used for alternators with neat labeled diagram.

Last Answer : Differential Protection Scheme for Alternator: Figure shows the differential protection provided to 3 phase alternator. Here identical CTs are placed on both sides of 3 phase alternator and ... causing its operation. Relay sends trip signal to the CB, thereby alternator circuit is tripped.

Description : Explain the working of single phasing preventer with neat diagram.

Last Answer : Working of single phasing preventer:  Single phasing preventers are generally used for small / medium capacity motors. Single phasing preventers are connected in secondary of line CTs. These ... contact gets opened which stops the motor to avoid further damage when single phasing occurs. 

Description : Explain working of ELCB with neat sketch diagram.

Last Answer : Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker(ELCB): Earth leakage circuit breaker is a safety device used in electrical installations with high earth impedance to prevent shocks and disconnect power under earth fault ... tripping in domestic installations with tripping time being as low as 25 msec.

Description : Explain single phasing preventer with neat sketch diagram.

Last Answer : Single phasing preventer: Single phasing preventers are generally used for small / medium capacity motors. Single phasing preventers are connected in secondaries of line CTs. These mainly contains ... command is given to circuit breaker or starter. Thus it protects motor from damage.

Description : Explain distance protection of transmission line with neat sketch diagram.

Last Answer : Distance protection of Transmission line: Distance protection scheme uses impedance relay. The relay operation is based on the impedance (or distance) between the relay and point of fault. Figure shows ... than ZL and impedance relay operates which operates the CB and line is protected.

Description : Explain Horn-gap lightning arrester with neat sketch diagram.

Last Answer : Horn Gap Type Lightning Arrester: It consists of two horn shaped metal rods A and B separated by a small air gap. The horns are so connected that distance between them gradually increases towards the ... being hot, moves up naturally along the horns. So it is elongated and naturally quenched.

Description : Explain working of surge absorber with neat diagram.

Last Answer : Surge Absorber: Voltage transients or surges on the power system may originate from switching or lightning. These surges set up traveling waves in the transmission lines. These traveling waves may reach ... heat due to transformer action. Generally, it is used for the protection of transformers.

Description : The operation of the relay which is most affected due to arc resistance is A) Mho relay B) Reactance relay C) Impedance relay D) All are equally affected

Last Answer : The operation of the relay which is most affected due to arc resistance is Mho relay

Description : To prevent mal-operation of differentially connected relay while energizing a transformer, the relay restraining coil is based with  (1) second harmonic current  (2) third harmonic current  (3) fifth harmonic current  (4) seventh harmonic current

Last Answer : To prevent mal-operation of differentially connected relay while energizing a transformer, the relay restraining coil is based with  second harmonic current 

Description : Describe the construction of SF6 circuit breaker with neat diagram.

Last Answer : Construction of SF6 Circuit Breaker : A sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) circuit breaker consists of fixed and moving contacts enclosed in a chamber. The chamber is called arc interruption ... contact, moving contact and arcing horn are coated with a copper-tungsten arc-resistant material. 

Description : Describe the working of HRC fuse with neat diagram.

Last Answer : Working of HRC Fuse: Under normal conditions, the fuse element is at a temperature below its melting point. Therefore, it carries the normal current without overheating. When a fault ... powder and results in the formation of high resistance substance that helps in quenching the arc. 

Description : Draw neat circuit diagram of i) Feeder reactor and ii) Generator reactor

Last Answer : 1) Circuit Diagram of Feeder Reactor : 2) Circuit Diagram of Generator Reactor :

Description : Explain dynamic and static induced emf with neat diagram.

Last Answer : Dynamically Induced EMF:-  In this case, either coil moves or magnet moves, so that there is relative motion between coil & magnetic field. Thus magnetic field is cut by coil & emf is induced in it. The emf ... The expression for induced EMF is e= -L(di/dt) or = -N(dϕ/dt).

Description : Draw a neat labeled diagram to show protective system for AC traction and give the function of each relay used in it. 

Last Answer : Protective system for AC traction:  Function Of Each Relay: For transformer -  Inverse time over current relay- as back up protection on primary (HV side) over current ... against faults near substation  Under voltage relay - protection against faults far away from substation

Description : With the help of neat circuit diagram, explain the operation of voltage shunt type feedback amplifier.

Last Answer : Diagram:  Fig. shows common emitter transistor amplifier with a feedback resistor RF connected between its output and input terminals. This is collector to base biasing when the input signal is ... As IS = If + Ii it is shunt type therefore it voltage shunt negative feedback amplifier.

Description : What is time multiplexed space switching? With a neat diagram explain its operation.

Last Answer : Time division switches where an inlet or an outlet corresponded to a single subscriber line with one speech sample appearing every 125 µs on the line. Such switches are used in local exchanges. We now ... / Mt , Where t is the switching time including memory access time per inlet-outlet pair.  

Description : Explain the operation of a full wave bridge rectifier with π filter using a neat diagram. Draw input and output waveforms.

Last Answer : During positive half-cycle of input, the secondary voltage VAB is positive, so diodes D1 and D2 forward biased and D3 and D4 reverse biased. The load current flows from terminal A ... smooth DC voltage appears across the load. The input and output waveforms are shown in the figure.

Description : Explain operation of solenoid valve with neat diagram.

Last Answer : Operation: A solenoid valve is the combination of a basic solenoid and mechanical valve. So a solenoid valve has two parts namely- Electrical solenoid, mechanical valve. Solenoid ... coil, the emf is dissipated allowing internal spring return the valve stem to the original position 

Description : With neat diagram, explain the operation of MCT and state two applications of MCT.

Last Answer : Working: MCT turn ON: If the gate of the MCT is negative with respect to anode a p-channel is created in p-FET and p-channel ON FET causes the forward biasing of n-p-n ... used in high power applications like high power conversions 3. MOS Control thyristor are used in induction heating.

Description : Explain the operation of UPS with a neat block diagram.

Last Answer : Uninterruptible-Power-Supplies (UPS): A block diagram of UPS system is shown in figure. It essentially consists of four major components: i)Rectifier (or battery charger) ii) ... . Due to fast action requirement, transfer switch can be implemented by fast acting semiconductor devices.

Description : Explain the operation of RC triggering circuit with neat diagram.

Last Answer : RC triggering circuit: The RC half-wave triggering circuit is as shown in the figure. During negative halfcycle of supply voltage vs, the capacitor C charges through diode D2 and load, ... be triggered at 0° & 180° because the supply voltage is zero and less than finger voltage. 

Description : Explain the operation of pneumatic cylinder with neat diagram.

Last Answer : Pneumatic cylinder is mechanical device which use power of compressed gas to produce a force in reciprocating linear motion. There is a cylinder having one or two openings for compressed ... high pressure to low pressure side. They are used as linear motion actuators in industrial applications

Description : Describe the operation of double tuned amplifier with the help of neat circuit diagram and mention its applications.

Last Answer : Circuit diagram: Operation:  *The signal to be amplified is applied at the input terminal through the coupling capacitor CC  *The resonant frequency of the tuned circuit L1 C1 is made equal ... : (i) Radio and T .V broadcasting as tuning circuit. (ii) Wireless communication system.

Description : Explain MHO relay in detail.

Last Answer : MHO Relay: In this relay, poles 1, 2, 3 are energized by a voltage V through polarizing coil to produce flux, the capacitor connected provides phase shift. The left pole 4 is energized by a current which is the ... hence on the ratio (I/V) = Y i.e. admittance, hence called as MHO relay.

Description : Describe the function and operation of firewall with neat diagram.

Last Answer : A firewall is a part of computer system or network that is designed to block unauthorized access while permitting authorized communications.  2. It is a device or set of devices configured to ... i. Packet filter ii. Proxy server iii. Circuit-level Gateway iv. Application Gateway

Description : Give the operation of single phase full wave bridge controlled converter with RL load with a neat diagram. Also draw its waveform.

Last Answer : Single phase fully control bridge converter with RL load: 1. During positive half cycle of input voltage, T1 and T2 are forward biased and during negative half cycle, T3 and T4 are forward biased. Therefore, T1-T2 ... cycle till the firing of next pair of SCRs as shown in the waveform.

Description : Draw a neat diagram of 1Ф half wave controlled converter with RL load. Give its operation.

Last Answer : Single phase fully controlled half wave converter:  The circuit diagram of single-phase half-wave controlled rectifier with RL load and without freewheeling diode is shown in Fig. (a). The SCR T is ... , when again pulse is applied, the SCR is turned on & the above cycle is repeated. 

Description : Explain with neat sketch, the Pilot wire protection scheme applied to transmission line.

Last Answer : Pilot Wire Protection scheme of Transmission Line : Figure shows the single line diagram of Merz price voltage balance system for pilot wire protection of three phase transmission line. ... through the relay, which gives trip signal to the circuit breaker for protection of transmission line.

Description : Explain differential protection scheme for busbars with neat sketch.

Last Answer : Differential Protection Scheme for Bus bar:  Under normal conditions, the sum of the currents entering the bus bar zone is equal to those leaving it and no current flows through the relay ... of these currents will flow through the relay coil causing opening of circuit breaker of bus-bar.

Description : Define the following terms with respect to protective relays i) Relay time ii) Reset current iii) Plug setting multiplier and iv) Time setting multiplier

Last Answer : 1) Relay Time: The time interval between occurrence of fault and closure of relay contacts.  2) Reset Current: The value of current below which the relay resets and comes back to ... The adjustment arrangement provided for setting the operation time of relay is known as Time setting multiplier. 

Description : Draw a typical time-current characteristic for IDMT relay. 

Last Answer : Time-Current Characteristic for IDMT Relay:

Description : Describe over current relay with time-current characteristic.

Last Answer : Over current relay with time-current characteristics:- 1. Definite time over current relay: Operating time is constant, the relays operates after a predetermined time when the current exceeds the pickup ... of fault current and definite time characteristics at higher values of fault current.

Description : The reactance relay is essentially: A) an over-voltage relay with current restraint B) an over-voltage relay with directional restraint C) a directional relay with voltage restraint D) a directional relay with current restraint 

Last Answer : an over voltage relay with delay an over voltage relay with directional resistance

Description : The most efficient torque — producing actuating structure for induction — type relay is:

Last Answer : The most efficient torque — producing actuating structure for induction — type relay is: induction-cup structure

Description : In a biased differential relay, the bias is defined as the ratio of  A) Number of turns of restraining coil and operating coil B) Operating coil current and restraining coil current C) Faulteurrent and operating coil current D) Fault current and restraining coil current

Last Answer : In a biased differential relay, the bias is defined as the ratio of Number of turns of restraining coil and operating coil 

Description : 30°, 60° and 90° connections are made in a directional relay to render the relay (A) Sufficient torque under fault conditions (B) Zero torque under fault conditions (C) Current grading (D) Time grading

Last Answer : 30°, 60° and 90° connections are made in a directional relay to render the relay Sufficient torque under fault conditions

Description : If a relay fails to operate for a fault within its reach, it is said to

Last Answer : If a relay fails to operate for a fault within its reach, it is said to Under reach

Description : Which relay is more sensitive ? 1 VA or 2 VA ? (A) 1 VA (B) 2 VA (C) Both are equally sensitive (D) Both are insensitive

Last Answer : Which relay is more sensitive ? 1 VA or 2 VA ? (A) 1 VA (B) 2 VA (C) Both are equally sensitive (D) Both are insensitive

Description : The purpose of the restraining coil in a biased differential relay is  (A) To reduce CT saturation during fault.  (B) To increase the sensitivity of the relay.  (C) To match the transformation ratio.  (D) To limit the spill current through the relay during heavy external fault.

Last Answer : d

Description : If the fault current is 6000 A, the relay plug setting is 150% and the CT ratio is 400/5, the plug setting multiplier will be

Last Answer : If the fault current is 6000 A, the relay plug setting is 150% and the CT ratio is 400/5, the plug setting multiplier will be 10

Description : A relay used for protection of motors against overload is :  (A) Impedance relay (B) Electromagnetic attraction type (C) Thermal relay (D) Buchholz's relay

Last Answer : D

Description : A relay has a rating of 5 A, 2.2 sec IDMT and a relay setting of 125% TMS = 0.6. It is connected to a supply circuit through a C.T. 400/5 ratio. The fault current is 4000 A. The operating current of the relay is

Last Answer : A relay has a rating of 5 A, 2.2 sec IDMT and a relay setting of 125% TMS = 0.6. It is connected to a supply circuit through a C.T. 400/5 ratio. The fault current is 4000 A. The operating current of the relay is 6.25A