State the working principle of PMMC Analog instrument.

1 Answer

Answer :

Working Principal of PMMC Analog Instrument: When current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, it experiences mechanical force. In PMMC instrument, when current flows through a coil placed in the gap between the poles, force is produced on the coil. The coil rotates and pointer attached to the coil shows deflection proportional to the current magnitude.

Related questions

Description : State working principle of PMMC instrument.

Last Answer : Working Principle of PMMC Instrument: When current carrying conductor is placed in a constant magnetic field, it experiences a force proportional to the current and produces proportional deflection torque. 

Description : Explain with neat sketch; the construction and working principle of Repulsion type moving iron instrument.

Last Answer : Repulsion Type Moving Iron Instrument: Construction: It consist of fixed cylinder hollow coil which carries operating current inside the coil there are two soft iron pieces. One of which is ... magnetized with same polarity a repulsive force act on them and moving iron piece gets deflected. 

Description : Compare analog instrument to digital instrument on the basis of accuracy, resolution, power required and portability. 

Last Answer : Comparison between Analog instruments & Digital instruments: 

Description : Draw the construction and explain working principle of PMMC instruments

Last Answer : Working: When current passes through the coil a deflecting torque is produced. This deflecting torque is produced due to interaction between magnetic field produced by permanent magnet ... equilibrium; this is possible only when the controlling torque becomes equal to the deflecting torque 

Description : Explain with neat sketch the construction and working principle of megger.

Last Answer : Megger: Construction of Megger : Two coils: the current coil and pressure coil are mounted at an angle on the same spindle and form the part of the moving system. These coils are ... force produces a torque that is used to deflect the pointer of the device which gives some reading.

Description : Differentiate between analog and digital multimeter.

Last Answer : Analog multimeter Digital multimeter 1. Power supply is not required 1. Power supply is required 2. Less suffered from electric noise 2. Suffered from electric noise 3. It provides measurement ... 9. Bigger in size 9. Compact in size 10. Economical 10.Expensive

Description : Describe different types of errors in analog measuring instruments. 

Last Answer : Types of Errors in Analog Measuring Instruments: A) Gross error: These are due to mistakes on the part of person using the instrument. B) Systematic Error: It has three sub types as ... multiplying factor. C) Random error: These persist even after gross and systematic errors are removed.

Description : Draw the diagram of PMMC instrument and state the deflection torque equation

Last Answer : Equation Ʈ= B*A*I*N Where r= torque Newton. Meter B = flux density in the air gap. Wb/m2 A = effective coil area (m) N= number of turns of wire of the coil

Description : State the function of former and control spring in PMMC instrument.

Last Answer : Function of Former: To support the coil and provide eddy current damping.  Function of Control Spring: To provide control torque or force and in some instruments springs can be used as current leads.

Description : ‘PMMC instrument is not suitable to measure AC quantity’. State the reason.

Last Answer : The direction of force exerted on moving coil depends on the direction of current flowing through moving coil. If the direction of magnetic field is kept constant, it produces unidirectional torque if the current is ... on the coil in one cycle to zero. Hence the meter cannot read A.C. quantities.

Description : Basically, a PMMC instrument can be used only in

Last Answer : dc measurements

Description : Another name for PMMC instrument

Last Answer : D'Arsonval

Description : Derive the relation for deflection torque in PMMC instrument. 

Last Answer : Ans: The length of coil be l meter and width of coil be d meter. Assume I is the current flowing in the ciol having N turns. Assume B as the flux density in the air gap then F=BIL ... a direct indication of the current in the coil. The pointer deflection can therefore be used to measure current.

Description : List two advantages of PMMC instrument.

Last Answer : 1. It has uniform scale. 2. Power consumption is low 3. It can be obtained in wide ranges. 4. High sensitivity & accuracy 5. It is unaffected by external magnetic field. 6. Additional damping device not required. 7. Hysteresis problem is not there.

Description : Permanent Magnet Moving Coil (PMMC) Instrument

Last Answer : Permanent Magnet Moving Coil (PMMC) Instrument

Description : feature of PMMC instrument. 

Last Answer : Consumes less power Great accuracy. High torque to weight ratio

Description : Name the material used for :- (i) Moving coil (ii) Permanent magnet in PMMC instrument.

Last Answer : (i) Material used for Moving coil: Copper, Aluminum( some times)  (ii) Permanent magnets are made of special alloys such as :  Aluminum-Nickel-Cobalt (Alnicos)  Strontium-Iron  Neodymium-Iron-Boron  Samarium-Cobalt.

Description : Compare PMMC & MI instrument.

Last Answer : MI Instrument  PMMC Instrument  It works on the principles of magnetism.  It works on the principle of DC motor Deflection torque is proportional to square of current  Deflection ... , Voltmeter and Watt meter  Can be used as voltmeter, Ammeter, Galvanometer, ohmmeter  

Description : Which of the following factors limit the deflection of the pointer of a PMMC instrument of about 90o?  1. Its damping mechanism  2. Linearity of magnetic field in which the coil moves  3. Control spring arrangement  4. ... Only 1 and 3 (b) Only 2 and 4 (c) Only 2 and 3 (d) Only 1 and 4 

Last Answer : Which of the following factors limit the deflection of the pointer of a PMMC instrument of about 90o?  1. Its damping mechanism  2. Linearity of magnetic field in which the coil moves  3. Control spring arrangement  4. ... Only 1 and 3 (b) Only 2 and 4 (c) Only 2 and 3 (d) Only 1 and 4 

Description : In a PMMC instrument, the damping provided is :  (A) air damping (C) eddy current damping (B) fluid damping (D) magnetic damping using a magnet

Last Answer : In a PMMC instrument, the damping provided is : eddy current damping 

Description : A PMMC instrument has FSD of 100 μA and a coil resistance of 1 kΩ. To convert the instrument into an ammeter with full scale deflection of 100 mA, the required shunt resistance is (A) 1 Ω (B) 1.001 Ω (C) 0.5 Ω (D) 10 Ω

Last Answer : A PMMC instrument has FSD of 100 μA and a coil resistance of 1 kΩ. To convert the instrument into an ammeter with full scale deflection of 100 mA, the required shunt resistance is 1.001 Ω

Description : PMMC instrument gives uniform scale because:

Last Answer : PMMC instrument gives uniform scale because: It uses spring control and The deflection torque is proportional to the instrument current.

Last Answer : A PMMC instrument can be used as a fluxmeter by: Removing the control spring

Description : A permanent magnet moving coil instrument gives full scale deflection of 25mA when a voltage of 75mV is applied across it. Calculate: (i) Resistance of shunt required for full scale deflection of 150 A. (ii) Series resistance for full scale deflection of 500 V.

Last Answer : Answer :

Description : State working principle of analog to digital and digital to analog conversion.

Last Answer : i) Analog-to-digital Converters: In a digital computer control system, the plant output (or controlled variable) is usually an analog signal, which is measured by sensors (or instruments). This ... that provides an output voltage or current normalized to a full-scale (FS) reference value.

Description : Describe with block diagram; the principle of operation of digital storage oscilloscope.

Last Answer : The block diagram of DSO is shown above. Sampling rate may be as high as 1,00,000 samples per sencod. For such high sampling rates, a fast conversion ADC is requried. Flash ADC ... particular signal in the memory then overwritting should be stopped.This obtained by using Hold and Save button.

Description : With the help of a neat circuit diagram explain the working principle of Digital to Analog converters.(DAC)

Last Answer : Digital-to-Analog Converters:  D/A conversion is the process of converting a value represented in digital code such as binary or BCD into a voltage or current which is proportional ... total of input voltage levels which represents the equivalent analog signals of the 4-bit digital input.

Description : Describe with block diagram the working of digital frequency meter.

Last Answer : Digital frequency meter: Amplifier: The signal whose frequency is to be measured is first amplified and supplied to the schmitt trigger. Schmitt Trigger: The schmitt trigger convert ... count displayed on counter  t = time interval between start and stop condition of the gate 

Description : Explain with neat sketch, the working of full wave rectifier voltmeter.

Last Answer : Full Wave Rectifier Type Voltmeter: Working of full wave rectifier type A. C. Voltmeter Referring to the circuit diagram, for rectification, a full wave bridge circuit (ABCD) is used. Input ... current passing through meter is given as, which causes full scale deflection of the meter.

Description : Majority of analog measuring instrument utilizes one of the following effects.

Last Answer : magnetic effect

Description : A force in analog instrument which quickly brings the moving system to rest in its final position.

Last Answer : damping force

Description : An analog voltmeter has a sensitivity of 10kΩ/volt. The galvanometer used in constructing the instrument will produce a full scale deflection when the current passed through it is  (a) 10 mA (b) 20 mA (c) 50 mA (d) 100 μA

Last Answer : An analog voltmeter has a sensitivity of 10kΩ/volt. The galvanometer used in constructing the instrument will produce a full scale deflection when the current passed through it is 100 μA

Description : State the material used for moving coil and former for PMMC instruments. 

Last Answer : Material Used for Moving Coil and Former for PMMC Instruments:  Material used for moving coil: Copper  Material used for Former: Aluminium

Description : Draw block diagram of function generator and state the function of each block. 

Last Answer : Block Diagram of Function Generator: OR Working of Function Generator : This instrument can deliver sine, triangular & square waves with frequency range of 0.01 Hz to ... output voltage reaches a predetermined level on the negative slope of the integrator's output voltage. 

Description : Draw the block diagram of tri-vector meter. State the various measurements possible from tri-vector meter.

Last Answer : Various measurements possible from tri-vector meter are: Tri-vector meter is a measuring instrument which measures the kWh, kVArh, the kVAh of a power line. Tri-vector meter is an energy meter ... of supply such as voltage, current, power factor, active load, reactive load, apparent load etc.

Description : State the purpose of calibration of measuring instruments. Explain the procedure of calibration of D.C. voltmeter by using D.C. potentiometer.

Last Answer : Purpose of calibration : Calibration is the process of evaluating and adjusting the precision and accuracy of measuring equipment. Proper calibration of an instrument allows people to have a safe ... calibration curve can be drawn by plotting the percentage error against the measured voltages. 

Description : List the types of systematic errors and state the reasons due to which these errors occur.

Last Answer : Systematic Error: i) Instrumental Error: These errors are caused due to the mechanical structure of measuring instrument such as: a) Inherent shortcomings of instruments: Instrument may ... or electrostatic fields. iii) Observational Error: Parallax errors, incorrect multiplying factor.

Description : State the advantages of electronic energy meter. 

Last Answer : Advantages of Electronic Energy Meter: 1) Low cost. 2) High accuracy. 3) More flexibility. 4) High sensitivity 5) No frictional losses. 6) Less loading effect. 7) High frequency ... for external adjustment. 11) Low load, full load, power factor and creeping adjustments are not required.

Description : State the purpose of four quadrant meter.

Last Answer : Purpose of four quadrant meter:  Four-quadrant meter is basically a bidirectional energy-meter with additional measurement facility. The purposes of four-quadrant meter are: 1) Measurement of energy/power ... and kVARh 3) Time-of-use metering: Bidirectional consumption and demand.

Description : State the use of synchroscope.

Last Answer : Use of Synchroscope: The synchroscope is used to determine the exact instant of switching required to connect the alternators in parallel or put an alternator in parallel with the infinite bus. ... idea of the faster or slower machine to make adjustments in speed of alternators for synchronising.

Description : State the meaning of energy meter constant K. State its unit.

Last Answer : Meaning of Energy Meter Constant (K): Energy Meter Constant is the no. of revolutions made by disc in meter per unit (kWh) consumption of energy. Unit of energy meter constant K is rev/kWH

Description : Define electrical energy. State its unit.

Last Answer : Electrical Energy: Electrical energy is defined as the work done in moving electrical charge in electrical field. OR The total power delivered or consumed by electrical load over specific unit time ... unit of electrical energy is the joule (or watt-second) OR Kilowatt-hour ( kWH ).

Description : Which of the following instruments have least torque/weight ratio: a) Dynamometer type b) PMMC c) Attraction type moving iron d) Repulsion type moving iron

Last Answer : Ans: A

Description : A 0-10 mA PMMC ammeter reads 5mA in a circuit; its bottom control spring snaps out suddenly the meter will now read. a) 5mA b) 10mA c) 2.5mA d) 0

Last Answer : Ans: 0

Description : Controlling torque in PMMC

Last Answer : spring action

Description : Draw PMMC meter movement and describe it.

Last Answer : Working principle of PMMC: 1. The working principle of PMMC is based on basic meter movement known as D'Arsonval principle stated as when current passes through the coil ... controlling torque becomes equal to deflecting torque then pointer attached with scale become stable at equilibrium. 

Description : Explain D’Arsonal PMMC movement in detail. 

Last Answer : OR Working: When current passes through the coil a deflecting torque is produced. This deflecting torque is produced due to interaction between magnetic field produced by permanent ... equilibrium; this is possible only when the controlling torque becomes equal to the deflecting torque.

Description : role of the series resistance connected in PMMC movement.

Last Answer : A PMMC Instrument can be used as voltmeter by just connecting a series resistance with the moving coil. This series resistance is called Voltmeter Multiplier. This combination of moving coil and ... current whose voltage is to be measured. Ideally the resistance of voltmeter should be infinite

Description :  The main sources of Errors in Permanent Magnet moving Coil (PMMC) are due to : - a) weaking of the permanent magnet due to aging at temperature effects b) weaking of spring due to aging and temperature effects c) change of resistance of the moving coil with temperature d) all the above

Last Answer :  The main sources of Errors in Permanent Magnet moving Coil (PMMC) are due to : - a) weaking of the permanent magnet due to aging at temperature effects b) weaking of spring due to aging and temperature effects c) change of resistance of the moving coil with temperature d) all the above

Last Answer : PMMC type instruments normally use Eddy current damping.