explain skin effect in copper interconnects. what are the various ways of reducing this effect?

1 Answer

Answer :

Skin effect generally observed in ac conductor in transmission network, in skin the current flowing through outer layer of conductor is more than iner area of conductor thus we can say the current distribution in total area of conductor is not equal,  for reducing this effect we can use boundel conductor or used hollow conductor for power transmission

Related questions

Description : Explain hysteresis loss, eddy current loss and skin effect limitations with reference to magnetic material.

Last Answer : Hysteresis loss: Hysteresis loss is a loss which occurs due to the friction of magnetic domain due to the change in magnetic field in ferromagnetic material like iron. Hysteresis loss causes power loss ... loss in transformer is given by, We=Kef2Kf2Bm2watts Skin effect limitations:

Description :  State the disadvantages of skin effect.

Last Answer : Disadvantages of skin effect:- 1. Full cross section of conductor is not utilized, Therefore effective area of conductor reduces so its resistance increases. 2. Due to increase in resistance, copper ... increases (Since Voltage drop = IR ) 5. So voltage regulation becomes poor (increases) 

Description : State the meaning of skin effect and how can it be minimised. 

Last Answer : Meaning of skin effect :  When alternating current flows through conductor it has tendency to flow away from center of conductor. i.e. maximum current density is near skin of conductor and goes on ... whenever possible as Skin effect is absent (Since frequency 0) instead of A.C. supply.  

Description : The skin effect in conductors is due to non uniform distribution of current in it and major portion of current is near the _______ of conductor.  (1) Surface (2) Center (3) Complete cross section area (4) Axis

Last Answer : The skin effect in conductors is due to non uniform distribution of current in it and major portion of current is near the Surface of conductor. 

Description : Skin effect is absent in which of the following transmission systems? A) Extra High Voltage (EHV) AC B) High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) C) Both A and B D) None of these

Last Answer : Skin effect is absent in which of the following transmission systems? A) Extra High Voltage (EHV) AC B) High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) C) Both A and B D) None of these

Description : Skin effect occurs when a conductor carries current at_____ frequencies.

Last Answer : Skin effect occurs when a conductor carries current at high frequencies.

Description : when the skin effect occurs ?

Last Answer : skin effect is occur at higher frequencies when skin depth is smaller

Description : what is skin effect?

Last Answer : Skin effect is occurs in conductor due to high frequency...as the frequency increases the resistance of conductor increases...skin effect means the current flow through the skin of conductor....as the ... dc current their will be no skin effect...I hope you understand basic concept of skin effect

Description : Define armature reaction in an alternator. Explain the effect of armature reaction at various P.F. of loads of alternator.

Last Answer : Armature Reaction: The effect of armature flux on main flux is called as armature reaction.  Armature Reaction at Various Power Factors: When armature is loaded, the armature flux modifies ... lagging p.f. For capacitive loads the effect of flux is partly distorting and partly strengthening.

Description : How to Solder Copper Pipe

Last Answer : How to Solder Copper Pipe Copper tubing or pipes work well for air, water or even refrigerants. If you want to join them together with sweat joints , you'll have to learn how to solder them ... effect on their efficiency. Follow these steps and be able to do copper pipe soldering all by yourself.

Description : How to Patina Copper

Last Answer : How to Patina Copper Patina is that tarnish coating that develops outside metal, like copper, over time. Not only does it add an attractive appearance to copper, but it also provides protection to harsh ... egg. Once you've reached the desired patina coat, rinse the copper pieces in lukewarm water.

Description : How to Clean Copper

Last Answer : How to Clean Copper Whether it's a coin, a pan, or a trophy, copper has one of the nicest-looking finishes among common metals. Copper can retain its finish for quite a while, although it is ... properly. With these tips, you'll never have to worry about your copper items losing their shine again.

Description : Select insulating materials for following parts : (i) Insulation between heating element and base plate of electric iron. (ii) Insulation used over copper or aluminium conductor used for making coils. (iii) Transformer bushings. (iv) Insulation between transmission line and pole.

Last Answer : Parts Insulating Materials  Insulation between heating element and base plate of electric iron. Mica Insulation used over copper or aluminium conductor used for making coils.  ... Transformer bushings Porcelain  Insulation between transmission line and pole. Porcelain

Description : Why is aluminium used instead of copper for overhead cables?

Last Answer : Because copper reacts with atmosphere variation and it's cost High as compared to aluminium and aluminium is good property and less cost so aluminium is used

Description : Which is a semiconductor: copper, silicon, or neon?

Last Answer : Copper is a metal. Silicon is a semiconductor. Neon is inert gas.

Description : Compare copper and aluminium.

Last Answer : Copper Aluminium Resistivity is less Resistivity is more More weight Low weight Mechanically strong Mechanically weaker Specific Gravity high Specific Gravity Low ... Tensile strength is half of that of copper Used for winding Used for overhead lines

Description : A 40 kVA transformer has a core loss of 400 W and a full load copper loss of 800 W. The proportion of full load at maximum efficiency is

Last Answer : A 40 kVA transformer has a core loss of 400 W and a full load copper loss of 800 W. The proportion of full load at maximum efficiency is 0.707

Description : At full -load of a transformer, the iron loss and copper loss are 3000 W and 4000 W respectively. Then total loss at maximum efficiency is :  (A) 7000 W (B) 6000 W (C) 8000 W (D) 4000 W

Last Answer : At full -load of a transformer, the iron loss and copper loss are 3000 W and 4000 W respectively. Then total loss at maximum efficiency is : 6000 W

Description : Two copper conductors have equal length. The cross-sectional area of one conductor is four times that of the other. If the conductor having smaller cross-sectional area has a resistance of 40 ohms the resistance of other conductor will be?

Last Answer : Two copper conductors have equal length. The cross-sectional area of one conductor is four times that of the other. If the conductor having smaller cross-sectional area has a resistance of 40 ohms the resistance of other conductor will be 10 ohms.

Last Answer : Copper brushes in D.C. machine are used where low voltage and high currents are involved.

Last Answer : The ground wire should not be smaller than No 10 copper.

Description : Auto-transformer makes effective saving on copper and copper losses, when its transformation ratio is?

Last Answer : Auto-transformer makes effective saving on copper and copper losses, when its transformation ratio is approximately equal to 1.

Description : How do magnets and copper wire make electricity?

Last Answer : According  to  Faradays  law , a changing  magnetic  field  on  a  conductor  induses  current  in  the  conductor  through   mutual  induction.

Description : Explain in brief ‘Hall effect sensor’. 

Last Answer : Working: * Working principle of a Hall effect sensor is that if strip of conducting material carries a current in presence of transverse magnetic field as shown fig . * The difference of ... with Hall strip. * When a transverse magnetic field passes through the strip, the voltage difference 

Description : Explain magnetic effect employed in measuring instrument.

Last Answer : Magnetic Effect:  I) In PMMC meters:  ➢ When a current is passed through a conductor, magnetic field is produced round the conductor. Due to this field when current ... field it experiences a mechanical force.  Examples: Electrodynamometer type instruments, Induction type instrument. 

Description : I have painful, dry, cracking skin on my fingers. Any suggestions for ways to clear it up and make it feel better?

Last Answer : Without Googling, which I am going to let you do, I would smear skin with vasoline at night and sleep with cotton gloves on. A Dermatologist may have a better product. Maybe check out Bagbalm also.

Description : How could I get a flashing effect for video wallpaper?

Last Answer : The picture is hidden behind a login form, could you put it on, say, imageshack.us?

Description : How Does Obesity Effect Diabetes ?

Last Answer : How Does Obesity Effect Diabetes Obesity and diabetes are two diseases that are cause for serious concern among many Americans. Every year, more and more overweight and obese people run the risk of developing ... , you can win the battle against obesity, and save your own life at the same time.

Description : Piezo-electric effect

Last Answer : Piezoelectric Effect is the ability of certain materials to generate an electric charge in response to applied mechanical stress. The word Piezoelectric is derived from the Greek piezein, which means to squeeze or ... Storage Temperature Range: -55 to + 125°C Insulation Resistance: 500 M ohms

Description : State the meaning of ferranti effect and proximity effect.  

Last Answer : i) Ferranti effect : When long distance transmission is lightly loaded or there is no load condition than it is observe that receiving end voltage (VR) is found to be greater than sending end ... on conductor causes current in each conductor is re-distributed. This is known as proximity effect.

Description : List out factors affecting proximity effect. 

Last Answer : Factors affecting proximity effect: 1. Conductor size (diameter of conductor) 2. Frequency of supply current. 3. Distance between conductors. 4. Permeability of conductor material 

Description : Analyze the effect of supply voltage on performance of LED as regards current, Lumen output, efficacy and life. 

Last Answer : 1) Effect on Current:- In LED current depends upon supply voltage, if voltage get changes then current also change but this change in current will be control by resistors which are connected in series.  2) ...   4) Effect on Life:- If supply voltage is not stable then life of LED get reduced. 

Description : With the help of N-channel JFET describe the effect of input voltage VGS on output current ID.

Last Answer : Working of N channel FET: * When a voltage is applied between the drain and source with a DC supply (VDD), the electrons flows from source to drain through narrow channel ... where the channel gets completely blocked and the drain current becomes zero is called pinch- off voltage. 

Description : Under Following conditions Ferranti effect occurs: 

Last Answer : Under Following conditions Ferranti effect occurs:  1. When there is no load on transmission line (IL = 0) 2. When There is no load at receiving sub-station or Lightly loaded 3. When ... VR) is found to be greater than sending end voltage (VS). This phenomenon is known as Ferranti effect.

Last Answer : The phenomenon of ionization of surrounding air around the conductor due to which luminous glow with hissing noise is rise is known as the corona effect.

Description : State seeback effect. Describe the working of thermocouple.

Last Answer : Seebeck effect: Seebeck effect states that whenever two dissimilar metals are connected together to form two junctions out of which, one junction is subjected to high temperature and another is subjected to ... both the junctions a very low emf is produced which causes a current in the circuit. 

Description : What is piezoelectric effect? Name two piezoelectric material.

Last Answer : piezoelectric effect: Piezoelectric effect can be stated as follows: when a pressure or force or vibration is applied to crystalline material like quartz crystal or crystalline substances, then ... crystal: Quartz crystal ,Rochelle salt 2) Synthetic crystals : Barium Titanate, Lithium sulphate

Description : Define junction field effect transistor (JFET) and give an example.

Last Answer : Junction Field-Effect Transistor: It is a semiconductor device having three terminals, namely Gate, Drain and Source, in which the current flow is controlled by an electric field set up by an external voltage applied ... : i) n-channel JFET and ii) p-channel JFET Examples of JFET: BFW 10, BFW 11 

Description : When does the Body bias effect occur in an n-channel MOSFET?  A) When the Source voltage is less the Bulk voltage B) When the Source voltage is equal to or greater the Bulk voltage C) When the Drain voltage is equal to the Bulk voltage D) When the Gate voltage is equal to the Bulk Voltage 

Last Answer : When does the Body bias effect occur in an n-channel MOSFET?  A) When the Source voltage is less the Bulk voltage B) When the Source voltage is equal to or greater the Bulk voltage C) ... voltage is equal to the Bulk voltage D) When the Gate voltage is equal to the Bulk Voltage 

Description : The effect of negative feedback on distortion and bandwidth is A) Both distortion and bandwidth get decreased B) Both distortion and bandwidth get increased C) Distortion is reduced and bandwidth is increased D) Distortion is increased and bandwidth is decreased 

Last Answer : The effect of negative feedback on distortion and bandwidth is Distortion is reduced and bandwidth is increased

Description : Ferranti Effect is more pronounced when ___________ A) the line is longer and the voltage applied is higher B) the line is shorter and the voltage applied is lower C) the line is shorter and the voltage applied is higher D) none of these

Last Answer : Ferranti Effect is more pronounced when the line is longer and the voltage applied is higher

Description : The effect of increasing load on a synchronous motor running with normal excitation is (A) Increase both its Ia and power factor. (B) Decrease Ia, but increase power factor. (C) Increase Ia, but decrease power factor (D) Decrease both Ia and power factor.

Last Answer : The effect of increasing load on a synchronous motor running with normal excitation is Increase Ia, but decrease power factor

Description : The effect of a finite gain of an operational amplifier used in an integrator is that (A) it would not integrate (B) the slope of the output will vary with time (C) the final value of the output voltage will reduce (D) there will be instability in the circuit

Last Answer : The effect of a finite gain of an operational amplifier used in an integrator is that there will be instability in the circuit

Last Answer : The chemical effect of current is used in D.C. ammeter hour meter.

Description : Diversity factor has direct effect on the?

Last Answer : Diversity factor has direct effect on the fixed cost of unit generated.

Description : What are the applications of Hall effect?

Last Answer : Hall effect transducer find application 8n instruments that measure magnetic field with small flux densities.

Description : what is Ferranti effect?

Last Answer : Ferranti effect is the increase in voltage at receiving end than sending end means sending end voltage is less than receiving end . It is occurs in long transmission line when the line is lightly loaded or at no load.

Description : How deep do skin creams go into the skin?

Last Answer : Don’t mean to punt on your question, but it sort of depends: • On the cream formula, and • Your skin type Some moisturizing creams penetrate deeply, while some lighter products stay mostly on the surface. It can get pretty technical: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7027575/

Description : Do you remove the skin from apples and pears before eating them?

Last Answer : No, I’m not a savage.