Bile, an emulsifier liquid, is made by the liver and later stored within the gallbladder and released in the duodenum. Bile is composed of bile salts, cholesterol and bile pigments. Bile salts are detergents, amphiphilic molecules, i.e., molecules with a polar water-soluble portion and a non-polar fat-soluble portion. This feature allows bile salts to enclose fats inside water-soluble micelles in a process called emulsification for them to be in contact with intestinal lipases, enzymes that break fats into simpler fatty acids and glycerol. Digestion System - Image Diversity: gallbladder

Bile, an emulsifier liquid, is made by the liver and later stored within the gallbladder and released in the duodenum. Bile is composed of bile salts, cholesterol and bile pigments. Bile salts are detergents, amphiphilic molecules, i.e., molecules with a polar water-soluble portion and a non-polar fat-soluble portion. This feature allows bile salts to enclose fats inside water-soluble micelles in a process called emulsification for them to be in contact with intestinal lipases, enzymes that break fats into simpler fatty acids and glycerol. Digestion System - Image Diversity: gallbladder
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What is the adnexal organ of the digestive system in which bile is stored?
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Assertion :- Bile helps in emulsification of fats. Reason `:-` During emulsification fat is brokendown into fatty acid and glycerol.

Description : Assertion :- Bile helps in emulsification of fats. Reason `:-` During emulsification fat is brokendown into fatty acid and glycerol.

Last Answer : Assertion :- Bile helps in emulsification of fats. Reason `:-` During emulsification fat is brokendown ... D. If both Assertion & Reason are false.

Which of the following statements is not true about triacylglycerols? (a) When solids and semisolids at room temperature, they are called fats. (b) When liquids at room temperature, they are called oils. (c) When hydrolyzed, they produce glycerol and carboxylate salts. (d) Triacylglycerols with low melting points are composed of saturated fatty acids, causing them to be liquids at room temperature

Description : Which of the following statements is not true about triacylglycerols? (a) When solids and semisolids at room temperature, they are called fats. (b) When liquids at room temperature, they are ... low melting points are composed of saturated fatty acids, causing them to be liquids at room temperature

Last Answer : Triacylglycerols with low melting points are composed of saturated fatty acids, causing them to be liquids at room temperature

Fat digestion is diffcult due to absence of (a) Bile salts (b) Bile pigments (c) Cholesterol (d) All

Description : Fat digestion is diffcult due to absence of (a) Bile salts (b) Bile pigments (c) Cholesterol (d) All

Last Answer : (a) Bile salts

Emulsification of fat is carried out by (a) bile pigments (b) bile salts (c) HCl (d) pancreatic juice

Description : Emulsification of fat is carried out by (a) bile pigments (b) bile salts (c) HCl (d) pancreatic juice

Last Answer : b) bile salts

Emulsification of fat is brought about by (a) Bile pigments (b) Bile salts (c) Pancreatic juice (d) HCl

Description : Emulsification of fat is brought about by (a) Bile pigments (b) Bile salts (c) Pancreatic juice (d) HCl

Last Answer : (b) Bile salts

The digestive system, also known as “systema digestorium”, or gastrointestinal system, is composed of the digestive tube organs plus the digestive adnexal glands. The digestive tube is composed of mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum), large intestine (caecum, colon, rectum) and anus. Digestion System - Image Diversity: human digestive system

Description : The digestive system, also known as systema digestorium , or gastrointestinal system, is composed of the digestive tube organs plus the digestive adnexal glands. The digestive tube is composed of mouth ... (caecum, colon, rectum) and anus. Digestion System - Image Diversity: human digestive system

Last Answer : What are peristaltic movements? What is their role in human digestion?

Bile pigments are (a) Helpful in digestion (b) Toxic in nature (c) Brings emulsification (d) None

Description : Bile pigments are (a) Helpful in digestion (b) Toxic in nature (c) Brings emulsification (d) None

Last Answer : (b) Toxic in nature

A young infant may be feeding entirely on mother’s milk which is white in colour but the stools which the infant passes out is quite yellowish. What is this yellow colour due to? (a) Bile pigments passed through bile juice (b) Undigested milk protein casein (c) Pancreatic juice poured into duodenum (d) Intestinal juice

Description : A young infant may be feeding entirely on mother's milk which is white in colour but the stools which the infant passes out is quite yellowish. What is this yellow colour due to? (a) ... bile juice (b) Undigested milk protein casein (c) Pancreatic juice poured into duodenum (d) Intestinal juice

Last Answer : (a) Bile pigments passed through bile juice

Select the correct match of the digested products in humans given in column I with their absorption site and mechanism in column II. Column I Column II (a) Glycerol, fatty acids Duodenum, move as chylomicrons (b) Cholesterol, maltose Large intestine, active absorption (c) Glycine, glucose Small intestine, active absorption (d) Fructose, Na+ Small intestine, passive absorption

Description : Select the correct match of the digested products in humans given in column I with their absorption site and mechanism in column II. Column I Column II (a) Glycerol, fatty acids Duodenum, ... , glucose Small intestine, active absorption (d) Fructose, Na+ Small intestine, passive absorption

Last Answer : (c) Glycine, glucose Small intestine, active absorption

Which one of the following is the correct matching of the site of action on the given substrate, the enzyme acting upon it and the end product? (a) Small intestine : Proteins Pepsin  →  Amino acids (b) Stomach : Fats Lipase  →  Micelles (c) Duodenum : Triglycerides Trypsin  →  Monoglycerides (d) Small intestine : Starch α-Amylase  →  Disaccharide (maltose)

Description : Which one of the following is the correct matching of the site of action on the given substrate, the enzyme acting upon it and the end product? (a) Small intestine : Proteins Pepsin  →  ... Trypsin  →  Monoglycerides (d) Small intestine : Starch α-Amylase  →  Disaccharide (maltose)

Last Answer : (d) Small intestine : Starch α-Amylase  →  Disaccharide

Select the hypocholesterolemic drug which interferes with intestinal absorption of bile salts and cholesterol, and secondarily increases cholesterol turnover in the liver: A. Gemfibrozil B. Cholestyramine C. Lovastatin D. Bezafibrate

Description : Select the hypocholesterolemic drug which interferes with intestinal absorption of bile salts and cholesterol, and secondarily increases cholesterol turnover in the liver: A. Gemfibrozil B. Cholestyramine C. Lovastatin D. Bezafibrate

Last Answer : B. Cholestyramine

Synthetic detergents are prepared from (1) potassium salts of higher fatty-acids (2) sodium salts of higher fat acids (3) hydrocarbons of petroleum (4) glycerides

Description : Synthetic detergents are prepared from (1) potassium salts of higher fatty-acids (2) sodium salts of higher fat acids (3) hydrocarbons of petroleum (4) glycerides

Last Answer : (3) hydrocarbons of petroleum Explanation: Synthetic detergents are prepared from hydrocarbons of petroleum. They are sodium salts of long chain benzene sulphonic acids or sodium salts of long chain ... are soluble in water. Therefore cleansing action of detergents remains unaffected in hard water.

The surface tension in intestinal lumen between fat droplets and aqueous medium is decreased by (A) Bile Salts (B) Bile acids (C) Conc. H2SO4 (D) Acetic acid

Description : The surface tension in intestinal lumen between fat droplets and aqueous medium is decreased by (A) Bile Salts (B) Bile acids (C) Conc. H2SO4 (D) Acetic acid

Last Answer : A

The surface tension in intestinal lumen between fat droplets and aqueous medium is decreased by (A) Bile Salts (B) Bile acids (C) Conc. H2SO4 (D) Acetic acid

Description : The surface tension in intestinal lumen between fat droplets and aqueous medium is decreased by (A) Bile Salts (B) Bile acids (C) Conc. H2SO4 (D) Acetic acid

Last Answer : (A) Bile Salts

Glycerol released from adipose tissue by hydrolysis of triglycerides is mainly (A) Taken up by liver (B) Taken up by extrahepatic tissues (C) Reutilised in adipose tissue (D) Excreted from the body FATS AND FATTY ACID METABOLISM 85

Description : Glycerol released from adipose tissue by hydrolysis of triglycerides is mainly (A) Taken up by liver (B) Taken up by extrahepatic tissues (C) Reutilised in adipose tissue (D) Excreted from the body FATS AND FATTY ACID METABOLISM 85

Last Answer : Answer : A

Bile salts make emulsification with fat for the action of (A) Amylose (B) Lipase (C) Pepsin (D) Trypsin

Description : Bile salts make emulsification with fat for the action of (A) Amylose (B) Lipase (C) Pepsin (D) Trypsin

Last Answer : Answer : B

Assertion `:` Emulsification is necessary for the digestion of fat. Reason `:` After fats are emulsified, the action of enzyme amylase gets significan

Description : Assertion `:` Emulsification is necessary for the digestion of fat. Reason `:` After fats are emulsified, the action of enzyme amylase gets significan

Last Answer : Assertion `:` Emulsification is necessary for the digestion of fat. Reason `:` After fats are emulsified ... D. If both Assertion & Reason are false.

In haemolytic jaundice, urine shows (A) Absence of bile pigments and urobilinogen (B) Presence of bile pigments and urobilinogen (C) Absence of bile pigments and presence of urobilinogen (D) Presence of bile pigments and absence of urobilinogen FATS AND FATTY ACID METABOLISM 91

Description : In haemolytic jaundice, urine shows (A) Absence of bile pigments and urobilinogen (B) Presence of bile pigments and urobilinogen (C) Absence of bile pigments and presence of urobilinogen (D) Presence of bile pigments and absence of urobilinogen FATS AND FATTY ACID METABOLISM 91

Last Answer : Answer : C

Complete digestion of triacyl glycerol (triglyceride) in gastro intestinal tract needs what enzymes?

Description : Complete digestion of triacyl glycerol (triglyceride) in gastro intestinal tract needs what enzymes?

Last Answer : Pancreatic lipase, co-lipase, isomerase and bile salts

Bile is stored in the – (1) Gall - bladder (2) Duodenum (3) Liver (4) Spleen

Description : Bile is stored in the – (1) Gall - bladder (2) Duodenum (3) Liver (4) Spleen

Last Answer : (1) Gall - bladder Explanation: Bile is a digestive juice that is a greenish-yellow liquid produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. Upon eating it is discharged into the duodenum.

Bile is stored in the (1) Gall - bladder (2) Duodenum (3) Liver (4) Spleen

Description : Bile is stored in the (1) Gall - bladder (2) Duodenum (3) Liver (4) Spleen

Last Answer : Gall - bladder

Detergents are – (1) Sodium salts of fatty acids (2) Sodium salts of sulphonic acids (3) Sodium salt of benzoic acid (4) None of the above

Description : Detergents are – (1) Sodium salts of fatty acids (2) Sodium salts of sulphonic acids (3) Sodium salt of benzoic acid (4) None of the above

Last Answer : (2) Sodium salts of sulphonic acids Explanation: A detergent is a surfactant or a mixture of surfactants with "cleaning properties in dilute solutiops." These substances are usually alkylbenzenesulfonates, a ... detergent or dish detergent, as opposed to hand soap or other types of cleaning agents.

Synthetic detergents are prepared from (1) potassium salts of higher fatty-acids (2) sodium salts of higher fattyacids (3) hydrocarbons of petroleum (4) glycerides

Description : Synthetic detergents are prepared from (1) potassium salts of higher fatty-acids (2) sodium salts of higher fattyacids (3) hydrocarbons of petroleum (4) glycerides

Last Answer : hydrocarbons of petroleum

Detergents are (1) Sodium salts of fatty acids (2) Sodium salts of sulphonic acids (3) Sodium salt of benzoic acid (4) None of the above

Description : Detergents are (1) Sodium salts of fatty acids (2) Sodium salts of sulphonic acids (3) Sodium salt of benzoic acid (4) None of the above

Last Answer : Sodium salts of sulphonic acids

What are the structural and chemical reasons why bile salts don’t form typical micelles?

Description : What are the structural and chemical reasons why bile salts don’t form typical micelles?

Last Answer : Although bile salts possess a polar head group, the hydrocarbon tail usually contains polar hydroxyl groups. Therefore the rigid ring system gives a tightly packed, almost solid, nonpolar phase rather ... liquid one. However, like cholesterol, bile salts can form mixed micelles with phospholipids. 

Cholesterol is excreted as such into ________. (A) Urine (B) Faeces (C) Bile (D) Tears FATS AND FATTY ACID METABOLISM 99

Description : Cholesterol is excreted as such into ________. (A) Urine (B) Faeces (C) Bile (D) Tears FATS AND FATTY ACID METABOLISM 99

Last Answer : Answer : C

Emulsification of fats by bile juice takes place in

Description : Emulsification of fats by bile juice takes place in

Last Answer : Emulsification of fats by bile juice takes place in A. Duodenum B. Liver C. Stomach D. Intestine

Fatty acids are a major energy source for the body. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the use of fatty acids as an energy source? a. Fatty acids are stored in adipocytes as triglycerides b. Hormone-sensitive lipase is present only in adipose tissue c. Fatty acids are released into the circulation traveling freely in plasma d. Approximately 25% of total nonprotein caloric needs supplied via total parenteral nutrition should be in the form of fat

Description : Fatty acids are a major energy source for the body. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the use of fatty acids as an energy source? a. Fatty acids are stored in ... 25% of total nonprotein caloric needs supplied via total parenteral nutrition should be in the form of fat

Last Answer : Answer: a, b, d In most tissues, fatty acids are readily oxidized for energy. They are especially important energy sources for the heart, liver and skeletal muscle. In ... administered to patients receiving total parenteral nutrition should comprise about 5-30% of total nonprotein caloric needs

Only two of the following Statements accurately describe what happens in the mouth. 1. 2. 3. 4. Amylase breaks down large starch molecules into smaller maltose molecules. Chewing increases the surface area of food for digestion. Saliva emulsifies fats into smaller droplets. Teeth breakup large insoluble molecules into smaller soluble molecules which statements are correct? (a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3 (c) 3 and 4 (d) 1 and 4

Description : Only two of the following Statements accurately describe what happens in the mouth. 1. 2. 3. 4. Amylase breaks down large starch molecules into smaller maltose molecules. Chewing increases the surface area of food for digestion. Saliva emulsifies ... ? (a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3 (c) 3 and 4 (d) 1 and 4

Last Answer : (a) 1 and 2

Emulsification is - (1) breaking fats into small globules (2) digestion of fats (3) absorption of fats (4) storage of fats

Description : Emulsification is - (1) breaking fats into small globules (2) digestion of fats (3) absorption of fats (4) storage of fats

Last Answer : (1) breaking fats into small globules Explanation: Emulsification is the breakdown of large fat globules into smaller, uniformly distributed particles. It is accomplished mainly by bile acids ... intestine. Emulsification is the first preparation of fat for chemical digestion by specific enzymes.

Emulsification is (1) breaking fats into small globules (2) digestion of fats (3) absorption of fats (4) storage of fats

Description : Emulsification is (1) breaking fats into small globules (2) digestion of fats (3) absorption of fats (4) storage of fats

Last Answer : breaking fats into small globules

What are soaps? (1) Salts of silicates (2) Ester of heavy fatty acids (3) Sodium or potassium salts of heavier fatty acids (4) Mixture of glycerol and alcohol

Description : What are soaps? (1) Salts of silicates (2) Ester of heavy fatty acids (3) Sodium or potassium salts of heavier fatty acids (4) Mixture of glycerol and alcohol

Last Answer : (3) Sodium or potassium salts of heavier fatty acids

Soap is (a) a mixture of salts of fatty acids (b) a salt of glycerol (c) a mixture of ethers (d) a mixture of aromatic ethers

Description : Soap is (a) a mixture of salts of fatty acids (b) a salt of glycerol (c) a mixture of ethers (d) a mixture of aromatic ethers

Last Answer : a mixture of salts of fatty acids

Esters of fatty acids with higher alcohols other than glycerol are said to be (A) Waxes (B) Fats (C) Both (A) and (B) (D) None of these

Description : Esters of fatty acids with higher alcohols other than glycerol are said to be (A) Waxes (B) Fats (C) Both (A) and (B) (D) None of these

Last Answer : Answer : A

Fats differ from waxes in that fats have : (a) More unsaturation (b) Higher melting points (c) A glycerol backbone (d) Longer fatty acids

Description : Fats differ from waxes in that fats have : (a) More unsaturation (b) Higher melting points (c) A glycerol backbone (d) Longer fatty acids

Last Answer : A glycerol backbone

Cerebrosides are composed of (A) Sphingosine, fatty acids, glycerol and phosphoric acid (B) Sphingosine, fatty acids, galactose (C) Glycerol, fatty acids, galactose (D) Glycerol, fatty acids, galactose, sphingol

Description : Cerebrosides are composed of (A) Sphingosine, fatty acids, glycerol and phosphoric acid (B) Sphingosine, fatty acids, galactose (C) Glycerol, fatty acids, galactose (D) Glycerol, fatty acids, galactose, sphingol

Last Answer : Answer : B

Sphingomyelins are composed of fatty acids, phosphoric acid and (A) Sphingosine and choline (B) Glycerol and sphingosine (C) Glycerol and Serine (D) Glycerol and Choline

Description : Sphingomyelins are composed of fatty acids, phosphoric acid and (A) Sphingosine and choline (B) Glycerol and sphingosine (C) Glycerol and Serine (D) Glycerol and Choline

Last Answer : Answer : A

Lecithins are composed of (A) Glycerol + Fatty acids + Phosphoric acid + Choline (B) Glycerol + Fatty acids + Phosphoric acid + Ethanolamine (C) Glycerol + Fatty acids + Phosphoric acid + Serine (D) Glycerol + Fatty acids + Phosphoric acid + Beaine

Description : Lecithins are composed of (A) Glycerol + Fatty acids + Phosphoric acid + Choline (B) Glycerol + Fatty acids + Phosphoric acid + Ethanolamine (C) Glycerol + Fatty acids + Phosphoric acid + Serine (D) Glycerol + Fatty acids + Phosphoric acid + Beaine

Last Answer : Answer : A

A typical fat molecule is made up of (a) one glycerol and one fatty acid molecule (b) three glycerol and three fatty acid molecules (c) three glycerol molecules and one fatty acid molecule (d) one glycerol and three fatty acid molecules

Description : A typical fat molecule is made up of (a) one glycerol and one fatty acid molecule (b) three glycerol and three fatty acid molecules (c) three glycerol molecules and one fatty acid molecule (d) one glycerol and three fatty acid molecules

Last Answer : (d) one glycerol and three fatty acid molecules.

Vitamin C is required for the synthesis of (A) Bile acids from cholesterol (B) Bile salts from bile acids (C) Vitamin D from cholesterol (D) All of these

Description : Vitamin C is required for the synthesis of (A) Bile acids from cholesterol (B) Bile salts from bile acids (C) Vitamin D from cholesterol (D) All of these

Last Answer : Answer : A

The importance of phospholipids as constituent of cell membrane is because they possess (A) Fatty acids (B) Both polar and nonpolar groups (C) Glycerol (D) Phosphoric acid

Description : The importance of phospholipids as constituent of cell membrane is because they possess (A) Fatty acids (B) Both polar and nonpolar groups (C) Glycerol (D) Phosphoric acid

Last Answer : Answer : B

Light brown colour of faeces is due to : (a) Bile pigments (b) Bile salts (e) Bacteria (d) None

Description : Light brown colour of faeces is due to : (a) Bile pigments (b) Bile salts (e) Bacteria (d) None

Last Answer : (a) Bile pigments

More than 90% of bile salts are reabsorbed in (a) Duodenum (b) Ileum (c) Colon (d) None

Description : More than 90% of bile salts are reabsorbed in (a) Duodenum (b) Ileum (c) Colon (d) None

Last Answer : (b) Ileum

Very low density lipoproteins are relatively rich in (A) Cholesterol (B) Triacyl glycerol (C) Free fatty acids (D) Phospholipids

Description : Very low density lipoproteins are relatively rich in (A) Cholesterol (B) Triacyl glycerol (C) Free fatty acids (D) Phospholipids

Last Answer : Answer : B

Salkowski test is performed to detect (A) Glycerol (B) Cholesterol (C) Fatty acids (D) Vitamin D

Description : Salkowski test is performed to detect (A) Glycerol (B) Cholesterol (C) Fatty acids (D) Vitamin D

Last Answer : Answer : B

For digestion of fat, bile is needed. This is secreted by the – (1) stomach (2) pituitary gland (3) pancreas (4) liver

Description : For digestion of fat, bile is needed. This is secreted by the – (1) stomach (2) pituitary gland (3) pancreas (4) liver

Last Answer : (4) liver

Gallstones are most often the result of: a) gallbladder irritation b) eating cherries and swallowing the pits c) precipitation of cholesterol d) accumulated bile pigment

Description : Gallstones are most often the result of: a) gallbladder irritation b) eating cherries and swallowing the pits c) precipitation of cholesterol d) accumulated bile pigment

Last Answer : ANSWER: C -- precipitation of cholesterol