Compared to the resting state, vigorously contracting muscle shows (A) An increased conversion of pyruvate to lactate (B) Decreased oxidation of pyruvate of CO2 and water (C) A decreased NADH/NAD+ ratio (D) Decreased concentration of AMP CARBOHYDRATES AND CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM 21

Compared to the resting state, vigorously contracting muscle shows (A) An increased conversion of pyruvate to lactate (B) Decreased oxidation of pyruvate of CO2 and water (C) A decreased NADH/NAD+ ratio (D) Decreased concentration of AMP CARBOHYDRATES AND CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM 21
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Which one of the following statements concerning glucose metabolism is correct? (A) The conversion of Glucose to lactate occurs only in the R.B.C (B) Glucose enters most cells by a mechanism in which Na+ and glucose are co-transported (C) Pyruvate kinase catalyses an irreversible reaction (D) An elevated level of insulin leads to a decreased level of fructose 2, 6-bisphosphate in hepatocyte

Description : Which one of the following statements concerning glucose metabolism is correct? (A) The conversion of Glucose to lactate occurs only in the R.B.C (B) Glucose enters most cells by a mechanism in ... ) An elevated level of insulin leads to a decreased level of fructose 2, 6-bisphosphate in hepatocyte

Last Answer : C

Ethanol decreases gluconeogenesis by (A) Inhibiting glucose-6-phosphatase (B) Inhibiting PEP carboxykinase (C) Converting NAD+ into NADH and decreasing the availability of pyruvate (D) Converting NAD+ into NADH and decreasing the availability of lactate

Description : Ethanol decreases gluconeogenesis by (A) Inhibiting glucose-6-phosphatase (B) Inhibiting PEP carboxykinase (C) Converting NAD+ into NADH and decreasing the availability of pyruvate (D) Converting NAD+ into NADH and decreasing the availability of lactate

Last Answer : C

Which one of the following would be expected in pyruvate kinase deficiency? (A) Increased levels of lactate in the R.B.C (B) Hemolytic anemia (C) Decreased ratio of ADP to ATP in R.B.C (D) Increased phosphorylation of Glucose to Glucose-6-phosphate

Description : Which one of the following would be expected in pyruvate kinase deficiency? (A) Increased levels of lactate in the R.B.C (B) Hemolytic anemia (C) Decreased ratio of ADP to ATP in R.B.C (D) Increased phosphorylation of Glucose to Glucose-6-phosphate

Last Answer : B

As the end product of glycolysis, pyruvate and NADH are formed. During aerobic conditions, this NADH is reconverted to NAD+ by what mechanism?

Description : As the end product of glycolysis, pyruvate and NADH are formed. During aerobic conditions, this NADH is reconverted to NAD+ by what mechanism?

Last Answer : Oxygen.

As the end product of glycolysis, pyruvate and NADH are formed. During anaerobiasis, this NADH is reconverted to NAD+ by what mechanism?

Description : As the end product of glycolysis, pyruvate and NADH are formed. During anaerobiasis, this NADH is reconverted to NAD+ by what mechanism?

Last Answer : Lactate dehydrogenase reaction.

The formation of citrate from oxalo acetate and acetyl CoA is (A) Oxidation (B) Reduction (C) Condensation (D) Hydrolysis CARBOHYDRATES AND CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM 17

Description : The formation of citrate from oxalo acetate and acetyl CoA is (A) Oxidation (B) Reduction (C) Condensation (D) Hydrolysis CARBOHYDRATES AND CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM 17

Last Answer : C

In fermentation, the conversion of pyruvate into a final end product is critical for the production of a. CO2. b. glucosec. NAD. d. 02.

Description : In fermentation, the conversion of pyruvate into a final end product is critical for the production of a. CO2. b. glucose c. NAD. d. 02.

Last Answer : a. CO2.

De novo synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids differ in the following respect: (A) Synthesis occurs in cytosol and oxidation in mitochondria (B) Synthesis is decreased and oxidation increased by insulin (C) NADH is required in synthesis and FAD in oxidation (D) Malonyl CoA is formed during oxidation but not during synthesis

Description : De novo synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids differ in the following respect: (A) Synthesis occurs in cytosol and oxidation in mitochondria (B) Synthesis is decreased and oxidation increased by ... synthesis and FAD in oxidation (D) Malonyl CoA is formed during oxidation but not during synthesis

Last Answer : Answer : A

Which of the following intermediates of metabolism can be both a precursor and a product of glucose? (A) Lactate (B) Pyruvate (C) Alanine (D) Acetyl-CoA

Description : Which of the following intermediates of metabolism can be both a precursor and a product of glucose? (A) Lactate (B) Pyruvate (C) Alanine (D) Acetyl-CoA

Last Answer : Answer : A

Which of the following metabolite integrates glucose and fatty acid metabolism? (A) Acetyl CoA (B) Pyruvate (C) Citrate (D) Lactate

Description : Which of the following metabolite integrates glucose and fatty acid metabolism? (A) Acetyl CoA (B) Pyruvate (C) Citrate (D) Lactate

Last Answer : A

End product of aerobic glycolysis is (A) Acetyl CoA (B) Lactate (C) Pyruvate (D) CO2 and H2O

Description : End product of aerobic glycolysis is (A) Acetyl CoA (B) Lactate (C) Pyruvate (D) CO2 and H2O

Last Answer : Answer : C

Conversion of all-trans-retinal into alltrans-retinol requires (A) NAD (B) NADH (C) NADP (D) NADPH

Description : Conversion of all-trans-retinal into alltrans-retinol requires (A) NAD (B) NADH (C) NADP (D) NADPH

Last Answer : Answer : D

The oxidation-reduction system having the highest redox potential is (A) Ubiquinone ox/red (B) Fe3+ cytochrome a/Fe2+ (C) Fe3+ cytochrome b/Fe2+ (D) NAD+/NADH

Description : The oxidation-reduction system having the highest redox potential is (A) Ubiquinone ox/red (B) Fe3+ cytochrome a/Fe2+ (C) Fe3+ cytochrome b/Fe2+ (D) NAD+/NADH

Last Answer : Answer : B

In β-Oxidation of fatty acids, which of the following are utilized as coenzymes? (A) NAD+ and NADP+ (B) FADH2 and NADH + H+ (C) FAD and FMN (D) FAD and NAD+

Description : In β-Oxidation of fatty acids, which of the following are utilized as coenzymes? (A) NAD+ and NADP+ (B) FADH2 and NADH + H+ (C) FAD and FMN (D) FAD and NAD+

Last Answer : Answer : D

. Vasodilatation occurs in: a. increased lactate concentration. b. decreased in skin c. increased hydrogen ions concentration d. increased in potassium concentration

Description : . Vasodilatation occurs in: a. increased lactate concentration. b. decreased in skin temperature c. increased hydrogen ions concentration d. increased in potassium concentration

Last Answer : increased in potassium concentration

Which of the following statements about delivery-dependent oxygen consumption are true? A. Below the critical oxygen delivery (D(overdot)O 2crit), one would expect to see a decrease in the lactate-pyruvate ratio. B. D(overdot)O 2crit may be increased in patients with sepsis. C. A desirable goal in the treatment of shock is to achieve delivery-independent oxygen consumption. D. The oxygen extraction ratio remains constant as long as oxygen delivery remains above D(overdot)O 2crit.

Description : Which of the following statements about delivery-dependent oxygen consumption are true? A. Below the critical oxygen delivery (D(overdot)O 2crit), one would expect to see a decrease in the ... oxygen extraction ratio remains constant as long as oxygen delivery remains above D(overdot)O 2crit.

Last Answer : Answer: BC DISCUSSION: Oxygen consumption is said to be delivery dependent below a critical point, D(overdot)O 2crit, at which anaerobic metabolism supervenes. Above this point, oxygen ... the therapeutic benefit of trying to achieve supranormal oxygen delivery has not been firmly established

The coenzyme required for conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate is (A) FAD (B) NAD (C) TPP (D) Biotin

Description : The coenzyme required for conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate is (A) FAD (B) NAD (C) TPP (D) Biotin

Last Answer : Answer : D

An increase in the NH3 /CO2 ratio in urea manufacture results in (A) Increased degree of conversion of CO2 to urea (B) Decreased degree of conversion of NH3 to urea (C) Decreased yield of urea (D) Decreased specific volume of molten mass

Description : An increase in the NH3 /CO2 ratio in urea manufacture results in (A) Increased degree of conversion of CO2 to urea (B) Decreased degree of conversion of NH3 to urea (C) Decreased yield of urea (D) Decreased specific volume of molten mass

Last Answer : (A) Increased degree of conversion of CO2 to urea

During each cycle of on going fatty acid oxidation, all the following compounds are generated except (A) H2O (B) Acetyl CoA (C) Fatty acyl CoA (D) NADH FATS AND FATTY ACID METABOLISM 103

Description : During each cycle of on going fatty acid oxidation, all the following compounds are generated except (A) H2O (B) Acetyl CoA (C) Fatty acyl CoA (D) NADH FATS AND FATTY ACID METABOLISM 103

Last Answer : Answer : A

Which statement is wrong for Krebs’ cycle? (a) There is one point in the cycle where FAD+ is reduced to FADH2. (b) During conversion of succinyl CoA to succinic acid, a molecule of GTP is synthesised. (c) The cycle starts with condensation of acetyl group (acetyl CoA) with pyruvic acid to yield citric acid. (d) There are three points in the cycle where NAD+ is reduced to NADH + H+.

Description : Which statement is wrong for Krebs' cycle? (a) There is one point in the cycle where FAD+ is reduced to FADH2. (b) During conversion of succinyl CoA to succinic acid, a molecule of GTP is synthesised. (c ... citric acid. (d) There are three points in the cycle where NAD+ is reduced to NADH + H+.

Last Answer : (c) The cycle starts with condensation of acetyl group (acetyl CoA) with pyruvic acid to yield citric acid.

An essential for converting Glucose to Glycogen in Liver is (A) Lactic acid (B) GTP (C) CTP (D) UTP CARBOHYDRATES AND CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM 19

Description : An essential for converting Glucose to Glycogen in Liver is (A) Lactic acid (B) GTP (C) CTP (D) UTP CARBOHYDRATES AND CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM 19

Last Answer : D

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate are intercoverted by CARBOHYDRATES AND CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM 13 (A) Triose isomerase (B) Phosphotriose isomerase (C) Diphosphotriose isomerase (D) Dihydroxyacetone phosphorylase

Description : Dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate are intercoverted by CARBOHYDRATES AND CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM 13 (A) Triose isomerase (B) Phosphotriose isomerase (C) Diphosphotriose isomerase (D) Dihydroxyacetone phosphorylase

Last Answer : B

In the diet of a diabetic patient, the recommended carbohydrate intake should preferably be in the form of CARBOHYDRATES AND CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM 11 (A) Monosaccharides (B) Dissaccharides (C) Polysaccharides (D) All of these

Description : In the diet of a diabetic patient, the recommended carbohydrate intake should preferably be in the form of CARBOHYDRATES AND CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM 11 (A) Monosaccharides (B) Dissaccharides (C) Polysaccharides (D) All of these

Last Answer : C

The carbon atom wh ich becomes asymmetric when the straight chain form of monosaccharide changes into ring form is known as CARBOHYDRATES AND CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM 9 (A) Anomeric carbon atom (B) Epimeric carbon atom (C) Isomeric carbon atom (D) None of these

Description : The carbon atom wh ich becomes asymmetric when the straight chain form of monosaccharide changes into ring form is known as CARBOHYDRATES AND CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM 9 (A) Anomeric carbon atom (B) Epimeric carbon atom (C) Isomeric carbon atom (D) None of these

Last Answer : A

The polysaccharide used in assessing the glomerular fittration rate (GFR) is (A) Glycogen (B) Agar (C) Inulin (D) Hyaluronic acid CARBOHYDRATES AND CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM 7

Description : The polysaccharide used in assessing the glomerular fittration rate (GFR) is (A) Glycogen (B) Agar (C) Inulin (D) Hyaluronic acid CARBOHYDRATES AND CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM 7

Last Answer : C

Excessive intake of ethanol increases the ratio: (A) NADH : NAD+ (B) NAD+ : NADH (C) FADH2 : FAD (D) FAD : FADH2

Description : Excessive intake of ethanol increases the ratio: (A) NADH : NAD+ (B) NAD+ : NADH (C) FADH2 : FAD (D) FAD : FADH2

Last Answer : A

Fatty acids can not be converted into carbohydrates in the body, as the following reaction is not possible: (A) Conversion of glucose-6-phosphate into glucose (B) Fructose 1, 6 diphosphate to fructose-6- phosphate (C) Transformation of acetyl CoA to pyruvate (D) Formation of acetyl CoA from fatty acids

Description : Fatty acids can not be converted into carbohydrates in the body, as the following reaction is not possible: (A) Conversion of glucose-6-phosphate into glucose (B) Fructose 1, 6 diphosphate to ... phosphate (C) Transformation of acetyl CoA to pyruvate (D) Formation of acetyl CoA from fatty acids

Last Answer : Answer : C

Fatty acids cannot be converted into carbohydrates in the body as the following reaction is not possible. (A) Conversion of glucose-6-phosphate into glucose (B) Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to fructose-6- phosphate (C) Transformation of acetyl CoA to pyruvate (D) Formation of acetyl CoA from fatty acids

Description : Fatty acids cannot be converted into carbohydrates in the body as the following reaction is not possible. (A) Conversion of glucose-6-phosphate into glucose (B) Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to fructose- ... (C) Transformation of acetyl CoA to pyruvate (D) Formation of acetyl CoA from fatty acids

Last Answer : C

The conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA and CO2 (A) Is reversible (B) Involves the participation of lipoic acid (C) Depends on the coenzyme biotin (D) Occurs in the cytosol

Description : The conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA and CO2 (A) Is reversible (B) Involves the participation of lipoic acid (C) Depends on the coenzyme biotin (D) Occurs in the cytosol

Last Answer : B

The following metabolic abnormalities occur in Diabetes mellitus except (A) Increased plasma FFA (B) Increased pyruvate carboxylase activate (C) Decreased lipogenesis (D) Decreased gluconeogenesis

Description : The following metabolic abnormalities occur in Diabetes mellitus except (A) Increased plasma FFA (B) Increased pyruvate carboxylase activate (C) Decreased lipogenesis (D) Decreased gluconeogenesis

Last Answer : B

DNA ligase of E. coli requires which of the following co-factors? (A) FAD (B) NAD+ (C) NADP+ (D) NADH

Description : DNA ligase of E. coli requires which of the following co-factors? (A) FAD (B) NAD+ (C) NADP+ (D) NADH

Last Answer : Answer : B

In the biosynthesis of heme, condensation between succinyl CoA and glycine requires (A) NAD+ (B) FAD (C) NADH + H+ (D) B6-phosphate

Description : In the biosynthesis of heme, condensation between succinyl CoA and glycine requires (A) NAD+ (B) FAD (C) NADH + H+ (D) B6-phosphate

Last Answer : Answer : D

Redox potential (EO volts) of NAD+/NADH is (A) –0.67 (B) –0.32 (C) –0.12 (D) +0.03

Description : Redox potential (EO volts) of NAD+/NADH is (A) –0.67 (B) –0.32 (C) –0.12 (D) +0.03

Last Answer : Answer : B

Retinal is reduced to retinol by retinene reductase in presence of the coenzyme (A) NAD+ (B) NADP+ (C) NADH + H+ (D) NADPH + H+

Description : Retinal is reduced to retinol by retinene reductase in presence of the coenzyme (A) NAD+ (B) NADP+ (C) NADH + H+ (D) NADPH + H+

Last Answer : Answer : C

Retinol and retinal are interconverted requiring dehydrogenase or reductase in the presence of (A) NAD or NADP (B) NADH + H+ (C) NADPH (D) FAD

Description : Retinol and retinal are interconverted requiring dehydrogenase or reductase in the presence of (A) NAD or NADP (B) NADH + H+ (C) NADPH (D) FAD

Last Answer : Answer : A

Retinal is reduced to retinol in intestinal mucosa by a specific retinaldehyde reductase utilising (A) NADPH + H+ (B) FAD (C) NAD (D) NADH + H+

Description : Retinal is reduced to retinol in intestinal mucosa by a specific retinaldehyde reductase utilising (A) NADPH + H+ (B) FAD (C) NAD (D) NADH + H+

Last Answer : Answer : A

In β−oxidation of fatty acids which of the following are utilized as co-enzymes? (A) NAD+ and NADP+ (B) FAD H2 and NADH + H+ (C) FAD and FMN (D) FAD and NAD+

Description : In β−oxidation of fatty acids which of the following are utilized as co-enzymes? (A) NAD+ and NADP+ (B) FAD H2 and NADH + H+ (C) FAD and FMN (D) FAD and NAD+

Last Answer : Answer : D

NADH is oxidised to NAD in which reaction of glycolysis?

Description : NADH is oxidised to NAD in which reaction of glycolysis?

Last Answer : Lactate dehydrogenase reaction.

NAD is reduced to NADH in which reaction of glycolysis?

Description : NAD is reduced to NADH in which reaction of glycolysis?

Last Answer : Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase reaction.

How do NADP+ and NADPH differ from NAD+ and NADH?

Description : How do NADP+ and NADPH differ from NAD+ and NADH?

Last Answer : These pairs of molecules are identical except for the presence of a phosphate group at the 2′ position on the ribose moiety. This is not a high-energy phosphate but rather a molecular tag that ... of fuels, while simultaneously the NADPH to NADP+ ratio can be very high, facilitating biosynthesis.  

Anion gap of plasma can be due to the presence of all the following except (A) Bicarbonate (B) Lactate (C) Pyruvate (D) Citrate

Description : Anion gap of plasma can be due to the presence of all the following except (A) Bicarbonate (B) Lactate (C) Pyruvate (D) Citrate

Last Answer : Answer : A

Coenzymes derived from the vitamin shown below are required by which of the following enzymes? (A) Lactate dehydrogenase (B) Glutamate dehydrogenase (C) Pyruvate dehydrogenase (D) Malate dehydrogenase

Description : Coenzymes derived from the vitamin shown below are required by which of the following enzymes? (A) Lactate dehydrogenase (B) Glutamate dehydrogenase (C) Pyruvate dehydrogenase (D) Malate dehydrogenase

Last Answer : Answer : C

Phosphofructokinase is allosterically inhibited by (A) Fructose-1, 6-biphosphate (B) Lactate (C) Pyruvate (D) Citrate

Description : Phosphofructokinase is allosterically inhibited by (A) Fructose-1, 6-biphosphate (B) Lactate (C) Pyruvate (D) Citrate

Last Answer : Answer : D

Pyruvate dehydrogenase a multienzyme complex is required for the production of (A) Acetyl-CoA (B) Lactate (C) Phosphoenolpyruvate (D) Enolpyruvate

Description : Pyruvate dehydrogenase a multienzyme complex is required for the production of (A) Acetyl-CoA (B) Lactate (C) Phosphoenolpyruvate (D) Enolpyruvate

Last Answer : Answer : A

A reaction which may be considered an isomerisation is (A) Glucose 6-Phosphate fructose 6 phosphate (B) 3-Phosphoglycerate 2-phosphoglycerate (C) 2-phosphoglycerate phosphoenolpyruvate (D) Pyruvate Lactate

Description : A reaction which may be considered an isomerisation is (A) Glucose 6-Phosphate fructose 6 phosphate (B) 3-Phosphoglycerate 2-phosphoglycerate (C) 2-phosphoglycerate phosphoenolpyruvate (D) Pyruvate Lactate

Last Answer : Answer : A

Erythrocytes under normal conditions and microorganisms under anaerobic conditions may accumulate (A) NADPH (B) Pyruvate (C) Phosphoenolpyruvate (D) Lactate

Description : Erythrocytes under normal conditions and microorganisms under anaerobic conditions may accumulate (A) NADPH (B) Pyruvate (C) Phosphoenolpyruvate (D) Lactate

Last Answer : Answer : D

Vitamin B12 deficiency can be diagnosed by urinary excretion of (A) Pyruvate (B) Methylmalonate (C) Malate (D) Lactate

Description : Vitamin B12 deficiency can be diagnosed by urinary excretion of (A) Pyruvate (B) Methylmalonate (C) Malate (D) Lactate

Last Answer : Answer : B

Which of the following reactions is unique to gluconeogenesis? (A) Lactate Pyruvate (B) Phosphoenol pyruvate pyruvate (C) Oxaloacetate phosphoenol pyruvate (D) Glucose-6-phosphate Fructose-6-phosphate

Description : Which of the following reactions is unique to gluconeogenesis? (A) Lactate Pyruvate (B) Phosphoenol pyruvate pyruvate (C) Oxaloacetate phosphoenol pyruvate (D) Glucose-6-phosphate Fructose-6-phosphate

Last Answer : C

When O2 supply is inadequate, pyruvate is converted to (A) Phosphopyruvate (B) Acetyl CoA (C) Lactate (D) Alanine

Description : When O2 supply is inadequate, pyruvate is converted to (A) Phosphopyruvate (B) Acetyl CoA (C) Lactate (D) Alanine

Last Answer : C

Cori’s cycle transfers (A) Glucose from muscles to liver (B) Lactate from muscles to liver (C) Lactate from liver to muscles (D) Pyruvate from liver to muscles

Description : Cori’s cycle transfers (A) Glucose from muscles to liver (B) Lactate from muscles to liver (C) Lactate from liver to muscles (D) Pyruvate from liver to muscles

Last Answer : B