Urea clearance is lowered in (A) Acute nephritis (B) Pneumonia (C) Early stage of nephritic syndrome (D) Benign hypertension

Urea clearance is lowered in (A) Acute nephritis (B) Pneumonia (C) Early stage of nephritic syndrome (D) Benign hypertension
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The filtration factor is increased in (A) Glomerulonephritis (B) Malignant phase of hypertension (C) Early essential hypertension (D) Acute nephritis

Description : The filtration factor is increased in (A) Glomerulonephritis (B) Malignant phase of hypertension (C) Early essential hypertension (D) Acute nephritis

Last Answer : Answer : B

The filtration factor tends to be normal in (A) Early essential hypertension (B) Malignant phase of hypertension (C) Glomerulonephritis (D) Acute nephritis

Description : The filtration factor tends to be normal in (A) Early essential hypertension (B) Malignant phase of hypertension (C) Glomerulonephritis (D) Acute nephritis

Last Answer : Answer : A

Creatinine clearance is deceased in (A) Acute tubular necrosis (B) Acute glomerulonephritis (C) Hypertension (D) Myopathies

Description : Creatinine clearance is deceased in (A) Acute tubular necrosis (B) Acute glomerulonephritis (C) Hypertension (D) Myopathies

Last Answer : Answer : D

A synthetic nucleotide analogue, 4-hydroxypyrazolopyrimidine is used in the treatment of (A) Acute nephritis (B) Gout (C) Cystic fibrosis of lung (D) Multiple myeloma

Description : A synthetic nucleotide analogue, 4-hydroxypyrazolopyrimidine is used in the treatment of (A) Acute nephritis (B) Gout (C) Cystic fibrosis of lung (D) Multiple myeloma

Last Answer : Answer : B

Filtration fraction is increased in (A) Acute glomerulonephritis (B) Chronic glomerulonephritis (C) Hypertension (D) Hypotension

Description : Filtration fraction is increased in (A) Acute glomerulonephritis (B) Chronic glomerulonephritis (C) Hypertension (D) Hypotension

Last Answer : Answer : A

A 53-year-old man presented with hypertension of 150/110 mmHg. He is generally asymptomatic and has no previous medical history of note. He is a smoker of 5 cigarettes daily and drinks modest quantities of alcohol. He takes no prescribed medications. Examination reveals a BMI of 33.5 kg/2 but nil else. The following detail his investigations: Serum sodium 146 mmol/l (NR 133-145) Serum potassium 3.2 mmol/l (NR 3.5 - 5) Urinary potassium excretion 42 mmol/l (NR less than 30) What is the likely diagnosis? 1) Adrenocortical adenoma 2) Bartter's syndrome 3) Liddle's syndrome 4) Liquorice ingestion 5) Pheochromocytoma

Description : A 53-year-old man presented with hypertension of 150/110 mmHg. He is generally asymptomatic and has no previous medical history of note. He is a smoker of 5 cigarettes daily and drinks ... Adrenocortical adenoma 2) Bartter's syndrome 3) Liddle's syndrome 4) Liquorice ingestion 5) Pheochromocytoma

Last Answer : Answers-1 This patient is most likely to have Conn's syndrome as reflected by the hypokalaemic hypertension. Liquorice ingestion or Liddle's syndrome are again possible causes of ... hypertension (often diastolic hypertension), muscular weakness, paresthesias, headache, polyuria, and polydipsia."

Which of the following may be responsible for a hypokalaemic hypertension 1) Non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia 2) Barter's syndrome 3) Diabetic nephropathy 4) Liddle's syndrome 5) Type IV renal tubular acidosis

Description : Which of the following may be responsible for a hypokalaemic hypertension 1) Non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia 2) Barter's syndrome 3) Diabetic nephropathy 4) Liddle's syndrome 5) Type IV renal tubular acidosis

Last Answer : Answers-4 Liddle's syndrome is typically asscoiated with hypokalaemic hypertension and low renin and aldosterone concentrations - the so called pseudo-hyperaldosteronism. Barter's syndrome is associated ... , which may also be produced with diabetic nephropathy. Hence hyperkalaemia is more typical.

Nursing management of the patient with acute symptoms of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo includes which of the following? a) Bed rest Bed rest is recommended for patients with acute symptoms. Canalith repositioning procedures (CRP) may be used to provide resolution of vertigo, and patients with acute vertigo may be medicated with meclizine for 1-2 weeks.

Description : Nursing management of the patient with acute symptoms of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo includes which of the following? a) Bed rest Bed rest is recommended for patients with acute symptoms. ... -Hallpike procedure. The Dix-Hallpike test is an assessment test used to evaluate for BPPV.

Last Answer : a) Bed rest Bed rest is recommended for patients with acute symptoms. Canalith repositioning procedures (CRP) may be used to provide resolution of vertigo, and patients with acute vertigo may be medicated with meclizine for 1-2 weeks.

Among the following, a test of Glomerular function is (A) Urea clearance (B) PSP excretion test (C) PAH clearance (D) Hippuric acid excretion test

Description : Among the following, a test of Glomerular function is (A) Urea clearance (B) PSP excretion test (C) PAH clearance (D) Hippuric acid excretion test

Last Answer : Answer : D

Filtration fraction can be calculated from (A) Standard urea clearance and PSP excretion (B) Maximum urea clearance and PSP excretion (C) Maximum urea clearance and PAH clearance (D) Inulin clearance and PAH clearance

Description : Filtration fraction can be calculated from (A) Standard urea clearance and PSP excretion (B) Maximum urea clearance and PSP excretion (C) Maximum urea clearance and PAH clearance (D) Inulin clearance and PAH clearance

Last Answer : Answer : A

Urea clearance is the (A) Amount of urea excreted per minute (B) Amount of urea present in 100 ml of urine (C) Volume of blood cleared of urea in one minute (D) Amount of urea filtered by glomeruli in one minute

Description : Urea clearance is the (A) Amount of urea excreted per minute (B) Amount of urea present in 100 ml of urine (C) Volume of blood cleared of urea in one minute (D) Amount of urea filtered by glomeruli in one minute

Last Answer : Answer : A

The average normal value for standard urea clearance is (A) 20 ml (B) 30 ml (C) 40 ml (D) 54 ml

Description : The average normal value for standard urea clearance is (A) 20 ml (B) 30 ml (C) 40 ml (D) 54 ml

Last Answer : Answer : D

Average maximum urea clearance is (A) 30 ml (B) 50 ml (C) 75 ml (D) 90 ml

Description : Average maximum urea clearance is (A) 30 ml (B) 50 ml (C) 75 ml (D) 90 ml

Last Answer : Answer : C

The formula to calculate maximum urea clearance is U V× B , where U denotes (A) Concentration of urea in urine in gm/24hr (B) Concentration of urea in urine in mg/100 ml (C) Concentration of urea in blood in mg/100 ml (D) Volume of urine in ml/mt

Description : The formula to calculate maximum urea clearance is U V× B , where U denotes (A) Concentration of urea in urine in gm/24hr (B) Concentration of urea in urine in mg/100 ml (C) Concentration of urea in blood in mg/100 ml (D) Volume of urine in ml/mt

Last Answer : Answer : B

Urea clearance test is used to determine the (A) Glomerular filtration rate (B) Renal plasma flow (C) Ability of kidney to concentrate the urine (D) Measurement of tubular mass

Description : Urea clearance test is used to determine the (A) Glomerular filtration rate (B) Renal plasma flow (C) Ability of kidney to concentrate the urine (D) Measurement of tubular mass

Last Answer : Answer : A

Among the following, the most sensitive indicator of glomerular function is (A) Serum urea (B) Serum creatinine (C) Urea clearance (D) Creatinine clearance

Description : Among the following, the most sensitive indicator of glomerular function is (A) Serum urea (B) Serum creatinine (C) Urea clearance (D) Creatinine clearance

Last Answer : Answer : D

Maximum urea clearance is (A) 54 ml/min (B) 75 ml/min (C) 110 ml/min (D) 130 ml/min

Description : Maximum urea clearance is (A) 54 ml/min (B) 75 ml/min (C) 110 ml/min (D) 130 ml/min

Last Answer : Answer : B

Standard urea clearance is (A) 54 ml/min (B) 75 ml/min (C) 110 ml/min (D) 130 ml/min

Description : Standard urea clearance is (A) 54 ml/min (B) 75 ml/min (C) 110 ml/min (D) 130 ml/min

Last Answer : Answer : A

The filtration factor is decreased in (A) Glomerulonephritis (B) Early essential hypertension (C) Malignant phase of hypertension (D) Starvation

Description : The filtration factor is decreased in (A) Glomerulonephritis (B) Early essential hypertension (C) Malignant phase of hypertension (D) Starvation

Last Answer : Answer : A

Neovascular glaucoma follows: a. Thrombosis of central retinal vein b. Acute congestive glaucoma c. Staphylococcal infection d. Hypertension

Description : Neovascular glaucoma follows: a. Thrombosis of central retinal vein b. Acute congestive glaucoma c. Staphylococcal infection d. Hypertension

Last Answer : ANSWER: A 

Heavy proteinuria occurs in (A) Acute glomerulonephritis (B) Acute pyelonephritis (C) Nephrosclerosis (D) Nephrotic syndrome

Description : Heavy proteinuria occurs in (A) Acute glomerulonephritis (B) Acute pyelonephritis (C) Nephrosclerosis (D) Nephrotic syndrome

Last Answer : B

A 19 year-old female is referred following a visit to the dentist where marked erosion of her teeth was noted. She was entirely asymptomatic and her only medication was the oral contraceptive pill. On examination her blood pressure was 110/70 mmHg and her body mass index was 21.5 kg/m2 (18 - 25). Investigations sodium 135 mmol/l potassium 2.1 mmol/l bicarbonate 42 mmol/l urea 2.6 mol/L corrected calcium 2.08 mmol/ alkaline phosphatase 201 iu/l (50-110) What is the most likely diagnosis? 1) Bulimia nervosa 2) Conn's syndrome 3) Laxative abuse 4) Pregnancy 5) Primary hypoparathyroidism

Description : A 19 year-old female is referred following a visit to the dentist where marked erosion of her teeth was noted. She was entirely asymptomatic and her only medication was the oral contraceptive pill ... ) Bulimia nervosa 2) Conn's syndrome 3) Laxative abuse 4) Pregnancy 5) Primary hypoparathyroidism

Last Answer : Answers-5 This patient has tooth erosion associated with hypokalaemic metabolic alkalosis and hypocalcaemia. This suggests a diagnosis of hypoparathyroidism. Conn's is unlikely in this age group, is ... raised alkaline phosphatase would not be expected. Early pregnancy would not fit this picture.

Acute exacerbations of asthma can be triggered by all of the following except (a) Bacterial or viral pneumonia (b) Hypersensitivity reaction to penicillin (c) Discontinuation of asthma medication (d) Hot, dry weather (e) Stressful emotional events

Description : Acute exacerbations of asthma can be triggered by all of the following except (a) Bacterial or viral pneumonia (b) Hypersensitivity reaction to penicillin (c) Discontinuation of asthma medication (d) Hot, dry weather (e) Stressful emotional events

Last Answer : Ans: D

Acute exacerbations of asthma can be triggered by all of the following except (a) Bacterial of viral pneumonia (b) Hypertsensitivity reaction to penicillin (c) Discontinuation of asthma medication (d) Hot, dry weather (e) Stressful emotional events

Description : Acute exacerbations of asthma can be triggered by all of the following except (a) Bacterial of viral pneumonia (b) Hypertsensitivity reaction to penicillin (c) Discontinuation of asthma medication (d) Hot, dry weather (e) Stressful emotional events

Last Answer : Ans: D

ALL of the following are diseases caused by the adenoviruses except a. Viral pneumonia. b. Acute respiratory disease. c. Parainfluenza. d. Common cold.

Description : ALL of the following are diseases caused by the adenoviruses except a. Viral pneumonia. b. Acute respiratory disease. c. Parainfluenza. d. Common cold.

Last Answer : c. Parainfluenza.

A person whose inner walls lining the main airways of the lungs become inflamed and who develops a dry cough for a few days, probably has a. Acute Bronchitis. b. Epiglottitis. c. Pneumonia. d. Chronic Bronchitis.

Description : A person whose inner walls lining the main airways of the lungs become inflamed and who develops a dry cough for a few days, probably has a. Acute Bronchitis. b. Epiglottitis. c. Pneumonia. d. Chronic Bronchitis.

Last Answer : c. Pneumonia

Radiological ‘Colon cut off sign’ is seen in Options: 1) Acute intussusception 2) Acute lobar pneumonia 3) Acute pancreatitis 4) Crohn’s disease

Description : Radiological ‘Colon cut off sign’ is seen in Options: 1) Acute intussusception 2) Acute lobar pneumonia 3) Acute pancreatitis 4) Crohn’s disease

Last Answer : Correct Answer: 3) Acute pancreatitis

Ketosis is associated with the disease: (A) Nephritis (B) Diabetes mellitus (C) Edema (D) Coronary artery diseases

Description : Ketosis is associated with the disease: (A) Nephritis (B) Diabetes mellitus (C) Edema (D) Coronary artery diseases

Last Answer : Answer : B

Uremia occurs in (A) Cirrohsis of liver (B) Nephritis (C) Diabetes mellitus (D) Coronary thrombosis

Description : Uremia occurs in (A) Cirrohsis of liver (B) Nephritis (C) Diabetes mellitus (D) Coronary thrombosis

Last Answer : Answer : B

The β-lipoprotein fraction increases in severe (A) Diabetes Mellitus (B) Uremia (C) Nephritis (D) Muscular dystrophy

Description : The β-lipoprotein fraction increases in severe (A) Diabetes Mellitus (B) Uremia (C) Nephritis (D) Muscular dystrophy

Last Answer : Answer : A

An increase in serum unconjugated bilirubin occurs in (A) Hemolytic jaundice (B) Obstructive jaundice (C) Nephritis (D) Glomerulonephritis

Description : An increase in serum unconjugated bilirubin occurs in (A) Hemolytic jaundice (B) Obstructive jaundice (C) Nephritis (D) Glomerulonephritis

Last Answer : Answer : A

Uremia occurs in (A) Cirrhosis of the liver(B) Nephritis (C) Diabetes mellitus (D) Coronary thrombosis

Description : Uremia occurs in (A) Cirrhosis of the liver(B) Nephritis (C) Diabetes mellitus (D) Coronary thrombosis

Last Answer : Answer : B

Glucose absorption may be decreased in (A) Oedema (B) Nephritis (C) Rickets (D) Osteomalitis

Description : Glucose absorption may be decreased in (A) Oedema (B) Nephritis (C) Rickets (D) Osteomalitis

Last Answer : A

Which of the following disorders is characterized by a group of symptoms produced by an excess of free circulating cortisol from the adrenal cortex? a) Cushing’s syndrome The patient with Cushing’s syndrome demonstrates truncal obesity, moon face, acne, abdominal striae, and hypertension.

Description : Which of the following disorders is characterized by a group of symptoms produced by an excess of free circulating cortisol from the adrenal cortex? a) Cushing's syndrome The patient ... individual with Hashimoto's disease demonstrates inflammation of the thyroid gland, resulting in hypothyroidism.

Last Answer : a) Cushing’s syndrome The patient with Cushing’s syndrome demonstrates truncal obesity, moon face, acne, abdominal striae, and hypertension.

Essential amino acids have been advocated as standard therapy for renal failure. Which of the following statements are true? A. Increased survival from acute renal failure has been reported with both essential and nonessential amino acid therapy of patients in renal failure. B. Essential amino acids retard the rise of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) secondary to decreased urea appearance. C. Essential amino acids and hypertonic dextrose are a convenient form of therapy for hyperkalemia. D. Essential amino acids decrease BUN and creatinine to the same degree as solutions containing excessive nonessential amino acids.

Description : Essential amino acids have been advocated as standard therapy for renal failure. Which of the following statements are true? A. Increased survival from acute renal failure has been reported ... BUN and creatinine to the same degree as solutions containing excessive nonessential amino acids.

Last Answer : Answer: BC DISCUSSION: Essential amino acids and hypertonic dextrose, as opposed to hypertonic dextrose alone, was reported by Abel and co-workers to be associated with a decreased mortality rate ... renal failure have not been carried out in sufficient numbers to yield answers to this question

Officially, hypertension is diagnosed when the patient demonstrates a systolic blood pressure greater than ______ mm Hg and a diastolic blood pressure greater than _____ mm Hg over a sustained period. a) 140, 90 According to the categories of blood pressure levels established by the JNC VI, stage 1 hypertension is demonstrated by a systolic pressure of 140–159 or a diastolic pressure of 90–99.

Description : Officially, hypertension is diagnosed when the patient demonstrates a systolic blood pressure greater than ______ mm Hg and a diastolic blood pressure greater than _____ mm Hg over a sustained period. a) ... , 70 Pressure of 120 systolic and 70 diastolic falls within the normal range for an adult.

Last Answer : a) 140, 90 According to the categories of blood pressure levels established by the JNC VI, stage 1 hypertension is demonstrated by a systolic pressure of 140–159 or a diastolic pressure of 90–99.

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning metabolic derangements in sepsis and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome which may follow progressive shock? a. Alterations in glucose metabolism lead to the development of efficient substrate utilization b. A progressive rise in serum triglyceride levels result from less efficient clearance and increased hepatic lipogenesis c. A net negative nitrogen balance occurs due to the oxidative metabolism of proteins to meet energy needs d. The serum aromatic amino acids fall rapidly as they are actively used in oxidative metabolism

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A catarrhal and paroxysma stage is typical of which one of the following bacterial diseases? a. Tuberculosis b. Pneumonia c. Pertussis d. Q Fever

Description : A catarrhal and paroxysma stage is typical of which one of the following bacterial diseases? a. Tuberculosis b. Pneumonia c. Pertussis d. Q Fever

Last Answer : c. Pertussis

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Last Answer : Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a viral respiratory disease caused by a SARS-associated coronavirus. It was first identified at the end of February 2003 during an outbreak that emerged in ... meeting the current WHO case definition for probable and suspected cases of SARS is around 3%.

Assertion (A) : Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) originated in China. Reason `(R)`: China is the most populated country of the world.

Description : Assertion (A) : Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) originated in China. Reason `(R)`: China is the most populated country of the world.

Last Answer : Assertion (A) : Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) originated in China. Reason `(R)`: China ... D. If both the assertion and reason are false

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Description : Acute respiratory distress syndrome?

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Altering the amino acid profile in total parenteral nutrition solutions can be of benefit in certain conditions. Which of the following conditions are associated with a benefit by supplementation with the amino acid type listed? a. Acute renal failure and essential amino acids b. Hepatic failure and aromatic amino acids c. Short gut syndrome and glutamine d. Chronic renal failure and essential amino acids

Description : Altering the amino acid profile in total parenteral nutrition solutions can be of benefit in certain conditions. Which of the following conditions are associated with a benefit by supplementation with the ... c. Short gut syndrome and glutamine d. Chronic renal failure and essential amino acids

Last Answer : Answer: a, c In a number of conditions, altering the amino acid profile of the total parenteral nutrition solution can be of benefit. TPN with amino acids of high biologic value ... Glutamine-enriched TPN partially attenuates villous atrophy and may be useful in treatment of short gut syndrome

Full form of the infectious disease SARS is - (1) Syndrome Associated with Respiratory Symptoms (2) Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (3) Severe Asthmatic Respiratory Syndrome (4) Syndrome Alarm on Respiratory System

Description : Full form of the infectious disease SARS is - (1) Syndrome Associated with Respiratory Symptoms (2) Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (3) Severe Asthmatic Respiratory Syndrome (4) Syndrome Alarm on Respiratory System

Last Answer : (2) Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Explanation: Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a serious form of pneumonia. It is caused by a virus that was first identified in 2003. Infection with ... member of the coronavirus family of viruses (the same family that can cause the common cold).

Which of the following states is characterized by a decline in intellectual functioning? a) Dementia Dementia is an acquired syndrome in which progressive deterioration in global intellectual abilities is of such severity that it interferes with the person’s customary occupational and social performance. b) Depression Depression is a mood disorder that disrupts quality of life. c) Delirium Delirium is often called acute confusional state. d) Delusion Delusion is a symptom of psychoses.

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Last Answer : a) Dementia Dementia is an acquired syndrome in which progressive deterioration in global intellectual abilities is of such severity that it interferes with the person’s customary occupational and social performance.

Urine examination (Benedict’s test) of a 40 yr old obese male showed a brick red precipitate. This can result from all except Options: 1) Diabetes Mellitus 2) Drugs 3) Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis 4) Cushing’s syndrome

Description : Urine examination (Benedict’s test) of a 40 yr old obese male showed a brick red precipitate. This can result from all except Options: 1) Diabetes Mellitus 2) Drugs 3) Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis 4) Cushing’s syndrome

Last Answer : Correct Answer: 3) Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis

The extrapyramidal adverse effect of antipsychotic drug therapy which does not respond to central anticholinergics is: A. Parkinsonism B. Acute muscle dystonia C. Rabbit syndrome D. Tardive dyskinesia

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