The filtration factor is increased in (A) Glomerulonephritis (B) Malignant phase of hypertension (C) Early essential hypertension (D) Acute nephritis

The filtration factor is increased in (A) Glomerulonephritis (B) Malignant phase of hypertension (C) Early essential hypertension (D) Acute nephritis
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The filtration factor tends to be normal in (A) Early essential hypertension (B) Malignant phase of hypertension (C) Glomerulonephritis (D) Acute nephritis

Description : The filtration factor tends to be normal in (A) Early essential hypertension (B) Malignant phase of hypertension (C) Glomerulonephritis (D) Acute nephritis

Last Answer : Answer : A

The filtration factor is decreased in (A) Glomerulonephritis (B) Early essential hypertension (C) Malignant phase of hypertension (D) Starvation

Description : The filtration factor is decreased in (A) Glomerulonephritis (B) Early essential hypertension (C) Malignant phase of hypertension (D) Starvation

Last Answer : Answer : A

Filtration fraction is increased in (A) Acute glomerulonephritis (B) Chronic glomerulonephritis (C) Hypertension (D) Hypotension

Description : Filtration fraction is increased in (A) Acute glomerulonephritis (B) Chronic glomerulonephritis (C) Hypertension (D) Hypotension

Last Answer : Answer : A

Urea clearance is lowered in (A) Acute nephritis (B) Pneumonia (C) Early stage of nephritic syndrome (D) Benign hypertension

Description : Urea clearance is lowered in (A) Acute nephritis (B) Pneumonia (C) Early stage of nephritic syndrome (D) Benign hypertension

Last Answer : Answer : A

Creatinine clearance is deceased in (A) Acute tubular necrosis (B) Acute glomerulonephritis (C) Hypertension (D) Myopathies

Description : Creatinine clearance is deceased in (A) Acute tubular necrosis (B) Acute glomerulonephritis (C) Hypertension (D) Myopathies

Last Answer : Answer : D

An increase in serum unconjugated bilirubin occurs in (A) Hemolytic jaundice (B) Obstructive jaundice (C) Nephritis (D) Glomerulonephritis

Description : An increase in serum unconjugated bilirubin occurs in (A) Hemolytic jaundice (B) Obstructive jaundice (C) Nephritis (D) Glomerulonephritis

Last Answer : Answer : A

Excretion of phenolsulphanpthalein (PSP) reflects (A) Glomerulonephritis (B) Maximaltabular excretory capacity (C) Filtration factor (D) Renal plasma flow

Description : Excretion of phenolsulphanpthalein (PSP) reflects (A) Glomerulonephritis (B) Maximaltabular excretory capacity (C) Filtration factor (D) Renal plasma flow

Last Answer : Answer : B

A synthetic nucleotide analogue, 4-hydroxypyrazolopyrimidine is used in the treatment of (A) Acute nephritis (B) Gout (C) Cystic fibrosis of lung (D) Multiple myeloma

Description : A synthetic nucleotide analogue, 4-hydroxypyrazolopyrimidine is used in the treatment of (A) Acute nephritis (B) Gout (C) Cystic fibrosis of lung (D) Multiple myeloma

Last Answer : Answer : B

Oliguria can occur in (A) Diabetes mellitus (B) Diabetes insipidus (C) Acute glomerulonephritis (D) Chronic glomerulonephritis

Description : Oliguria can occur in (A) Diabetes mellitus (B) Diabetes insipidus (C) Acute glomerulonephritis (D) Chronic glomerulonephritis

Last Answer : Answer : A

Haematuria can occur in all of the following except (A) Acute glomerulonephritis (B) Cancer of urinary tract (C) Stone in urinary tract (D) Mismatched blood transfusion

Description : Haematuria can occur in all of the following except (A) Acute glomerulonephritis (B) Cancer of urinary tract (C) Stone in urinary tract (D) Mismatched blood transfusion

Last Answer : Answer : D

Heavy proteinuria occurs in (A) Acute glomerulonephritis (B) Acute pyelonephritis (C) Nephrosclerosis (D) Nephrotic syndrome

Description : Heavy proteinuria occurs in (A) Acute glomerulonephritis (B) Acute pyelonephritis (C) Nephrosclerosis (D) Nephrotic syndrome

Last Answer : B

Specific gravity of urine is decreased in (A) Diabetes mellitus (B) Acute glomerulonephritis (C) Diarrhoea (D) Chronic glomerulonephritis

Description : Specific gravity of urine is decreased in (A) Diabetes mellitus (B) Acute glomerulonephritis (C) Diarrhoea (D) Chronic glomerulonephritis

Last Answer : B

Specific gravity of urine is raised in all of the following except (A) Diabetes mellitus (B) Diabetes insipidus (C) Dehydration (D) Acute glomerulonephritis

Description : Specific gravity of urine is raised in all of the following except (A) Diabetes mellitus (B) Diabetes insipidus (C) Dehydration (D) Acute glomerulonephritis

Last Answer : D

Polyuria can occur in (A) Diabetes mellitus (B) Diarrhoea (C) Acute glomerulonephritis (D) High fever

Description : Polyuria can occur in (A) Diabetes mellitus (B) Diarrhoea (C) Acute glomerulonephritis (D) High fever

Last Answer : B

Urinary water loss is increased in (A) Diabetes mellitus (B) Diabetes insipidus (C) Chronic glomerulonephritis (D) All of these

Description : Urinary water loss is increased in (A) Diabetes mellitus (B) Diabetes insipidus (C) Chronic glomerulonephritis (D) All of these

Last Answer : Answer : D

Which of the following condition is non-suppurativesequelae of Streptococcus pyogenA- Acute rheumatic fever B- Acute glomerulonephritis C- Erythema nodosum D- All of these

Description : Which of the following condition is non-suppurativesequelae of Streptococcus pyogen A- Acute rheumatic fever B- Acute glomerulonephritis C- Erythema nodosum D- All of these

Last Answer : All of these

A history of infection specifically caused by group A betahemolytic streptococci is associated with which of the following disorders? a) Acute glomerulonephritis Acute glomerulonephritis is also associated with varicella zoster virus, hepatitis B, and Epstein-Barr virus.

Description : A history of infection specifically caused by group A betahemolytic streptococci is associated with which of the following disorders? a) Acute glomerulonephritis Acute glomerulonephritis is ... chronic glomerulonephritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple myeloma, and renal vein thrombosis.

Last Answer : a) Acute glomerulonephritis Acute glomerulonephritis is also associated with varicella zoster virus, hepatitis B, and Epstein-Barr virus.

Urine examination (Benedict’s test) of a 40 yr old obese male showed a brick red precipitate. This can result from all except Options: 1) Diabetes Mellitus 2) Drugs 3) Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis 4) Cushing’s syndrome

Description : Urine examination (Benedict’s test) of a 40 yr old obese male showed a brick red precipitate. This can result from all except Options: 1) Diabetes Mellitus 2) Drugs 3) Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis 4) Cushing’s syndrome

Last Answer : Correct Answer: 3) Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis

Malignant hypertension?

Description : Malignant hypertension?

Last Answer : DefinitionMalignant hypertension is a sudden and rapid development of extremely high blood pressure. The lower (diastolic) blood pressure reading, which is normally around 80 mmHg, is often above ... risk for malignant hypertension if you have had kidney failure or renal hypertension caused by ren

Selective inhibition of thromboxane A2 synthesis by low dose aspirin therapy might retard the progression of: A. Pregnancy induced hypertension B. Steroid induced hypertension C. Renal hypertension D. Malignant hypertension

Description : Selective inhibition of thromboxane A2 synthesis by low dose aspirin therapy might retard the progression of: A. Pregnancy induced hypertension B. Steroid induced hypertension C. Renal hypertension D. Malignant hypertension

Last Answer : A. Pregnancy induced hypertension

An early feature of renal disease is (A) Impairment of the capacity of the tubule to perform osmotic work (B) Decrease in maximal tubular excretory capacity (C) Decrease in filtration factor (D) Decrease in renal plasma flow

Description : An early feature of renal disease is (A) Impairment of the capacity of the tubule to perform osmotic work (B) Decrease in maximal tubular excretory capacity (C) Decrease in filtration factor (D) Decrease in renal plasma flow

Last Answer : A

In uterine prolapse, decubitus ulcer is caused by Options: 1) Acute inflammation 2) Malignant Changes 3) Friction 4) Venous Congestion

Description : In uterine prolapse, decubitus ulcer is caused by Options: 1) Acute inflammation 2) Malignant Changes 3) Friction 4) Venous Congestion

Last Answer : Correct Answer: 4) Venous Congestion

Essential amino acids have been advocated as standard therapy for renal failure. Which of the following statements are true? A. Increased survival from acute renal failure has been reported with both essential and nonessential amino acid therapy of patients in renal failure. B. Essential amino acids retard the rise of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) secondary to decreased urea appearance. C. Essential amino acids and hypertonic dextrose are a convenient form of therapy for hyperkalemia. D. Essential amino acids decrease BUN and creatinine to the same degree as solutions containing excessive nonessential amino acids.

Description : Essential amino acids have been advocated as standard therapy for renal failure. Which of the following statements are true? A. Increased survival from acute renal failure has been reported ... BUN and creatinine to the same degree as solutions containing excessive nonessential amino acids.

Last Answer : Answer: BC DISCUSSION: Essential amino acids and hypertonic dextrose, as opposed to hypertonic dextrose alone, was reported by Abel and co-workers to be associated with a decreased mortality rate ... renal failure have not been carried out in sufficient numbers to yield answers to this question

Neovascular glaucoma follows: a. Thrombosis of central retinal vein b. Acute congestive glaucoma c. Staphylococcal infection d. Hypertension

Description : Neovascular glaucoma follows: a. Thrombosis of central retinal vein b. Acute congestive glaucoma c. Staphylococcal infection d. Hypertension

Last Answer : ANSWER: A 

Ketosis is associated with the disease: (A) Nephritis (B) Diabetes mellitus (C) Edema (D) Coronary artery diseases

Description : Ketosis is associated with the disease: (A) Nephritis (B) Diabetes mellitus (C) Edema (D) Coronary artery diseases

Last Answer : Answer : B

Uremia occurs in (A) Cirrohsis of liver (B) Nephritis (C) Diabetes mellitus (D) Coronary thrombosis

Description : Uremia occurs in (A) Cirrohsis of liver (B) Nephritis (C) Diabetes mellitus (D) Coronary thrombosis

Last Answer : Answer : B

The β-lipoprotein fraction increases in severe (A) Diabetes Mellitus (B) Uremia (C) Nephritis (D) Muscular dystrophy

Description : The β-lipoprotein fraction increases in severe (A) Diabetes Mellitus (B) Uremia (C) Nephritis (D) Muscular dystrophy

Last Answer : Answer : A

Uremia occurs in (A) Cirrhosis of the liver(B) Nephritis (C) Diabetes mellitus (D) Coronary thrombosis

Description : Uremia occurs in (A) Cirrhosis of the liver(B) Nephritis (C) Diabetes mellitus (D) Coronary thrombosis

Last Answer : Answer : B

Glucose absorption may be decreased in (A) Oedema (B) Nephritis (C) Rickets (D) Osteomalitis

Description : Glucose absorption may be decreased in (A) Oedema (B) Nephritis (C) Rickets (D) Osteomalitis

Last Answer : A

Answer: a, b, c, d Free oxygen radicals are chemical species that are intermediates in the normal process of cellular respiration. Oxidants that are free radicals have been implicated as initiators of reactions which lead to a variety of cellular injuries. Oxidants are derived from several sources, notably phagocytes. Among the effects of oxygen free radicals are membrane lipid peroxidation, DNA strand breaks, cytoskeletal disassembly and inhibition of glucose metabolism leading to decreased cellular ATP concentrations. (Figure 6-16) 187 Which of the following acute-phase protein levels are increased in human plasma following acute inflammation? a. C-reactive protein b. Serum amyloid c. a -Proteinase inhibitor d. Fibrinogen e. Albumin

Description : Answer: a, b, c, d Free oxygen radicals are chemical species that are intermediates in the normal process of cellular respiration. Oxidants that are free radicals have been implicated as initiators of ... a. C-reactive protein b. Serum amyloid c. a -Proteinase inhibitor d. Fibrinogen e. Albumin

Last Answer : Answer: a, b, c, d The acute-phase response is a series of homeostatic responses of the organism to tissue injury in infection and inflammation. After an inflammatory stimulus occurs, a number ... 30% to 50% of the level before injury. The reason for the decrease in production is poorly understood

Interleukin-6 is recognized as the cytokine primarily responsible for the alteration in hepatic protein synthesis recognized as the acute phase response. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning acute phase protein response to surgical stress? a. Glucocorticoid hormones inhibit this response b. Proteins such as albumin and transferrin which serve in serum transport are generally increased in this response c. Examples of acute phase proteins include fibrinogen and C-reactive protein d. In general, the physiologic role of acute phase proteins are to reduce the systemic effects of tissue damage

Description : Interleukin-6 is recognized as the cytokine primarily responsible for the alteration in hepatic protein synthesis recognized as the acute phase response. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true ... physiologic role of acute phase proteins are to reduce the systemic effects of tissue damage

Last Answer : Answer: c, d IL-6 is now recognized at the cytokine primarily responsible for the alteration in hepatic synthesis recognized as the acute phase response. Glucocorticoid hormones augment ... that generally inhibit the tissue destruction that is associated with the local initiation of inflammation

Cytokines with clearly defined actions in acute inflammation and early tissue injury include which of the following? a. Cysteine-X-Cysteine (C-X-C) chemokines b. Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNFa) c. Transforming Growth Factor-b (TGF-b) d. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) e. Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF)

Description : Cytokines with clearly defined actions in acute inflammation and early tissue injury include which of the following? a. Cysteine-X-Cysteine (C-X-C) chemokines b. Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNFa) c. Transforming Growth Factor-b (TGF-b) d. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) e. Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF)

Last Answer : Answer: a, b, c, d, e Polypeptide mediators, such as TNFa and IL-1, are considered early response cytokines and are actively involved in the initiation of the ... of tissue repair. Thus, coagulation and platelet activation provide the initial foundation for subsequent cellular recruitment

Renal glycosuria occurs due to (A) Increased filtration of glucose in glomeruli (B) Increased secretion of glucose by renal tubular cells (C) Decreased reabsorption of glucose by renal tubular cells (D) Increased conversion of glycogen into glucose in tubular cells

Description : Renal glycosuria occurs due to (A) Increased filtration of glucose in glomeruli (B) Increased secretion of glucose by renal tubular cells (C) Decreased reabsorption of glucose by renal tubular cells (D) Increased conversion of glycogen into glucose in tubular cells

Last Answer : Answer : D

Which of the following is true concerning a 68 year old male with type 2 diabetes diagnosed with type IV renal tubal acidosis? 1) Aminoaciduria would be expected. 2) Fludrocortisone treatment is effective 3) Increased Glomerular filtration rate is expected. 4) Increased urinary bicarbonate would be expected. 5) Normal renal handling of K+ and H+

Description : Which of the following is true concerning a 68 year old male with type 2 diabetes diagnosed with type IV renal tubal acidosis? 1) Aminoaciduria would be expected. 2) Fludrocortisone treatment is effective ... 4) Increased urinary bicarbonate would be expected. 5) Normal renal handling of K+ and H+

Last Answer : Answers-2 H+ secretion, sodium reabsorption and ammonia production diminishes. RTA 4 is in effect hyporeninaemic hypoaldosteronism or failure of aldosterone action and thus helped treated with ... particularly. Aminoaciduria and increased urine bicarbonate are features of RTA types 1 and 2.

Fixation of specific gravity of urine to 1.010 is found in (A) Diabetes insipidus (B) Compulsive polydypsia (C) Cystinosis (D) Chronic glomerulonephritis

Description : Fixation of specific gravity of urine to 1.010 is found in (A) Diabetes insipidus (B) Compulsive polydypsia (C) Cystinosis (D) Chronic glomerulonephritis

Last Answer : D

Specific gravity of urine increases in (A) Diabetes mellitus (B) Chronic glomerulonephritis (C) Compulsive polydypsia (D) Hypercalcemia

Description : Specific gravity of urine increases in (A) Diabetes mellitus (B) Chronic glomerulonephritis (C) Compulsive polydypsia (D) Hypercalcemia

Last Answer : A

During which step of cellular carcinogenesis do cellular changes exhibit increased malignant behavior? a) Progression During this third step, cells show a propensity to invade adjacent tissues and metastasize. b) Promotion During promotion, repeated exposure to promoting agents causes the expression of abnormal genetic information even after long latency periods. c) Initiation During this first step, initiators such as chemicals, physical factors, and biologic agents escape normal enzymatic mechanisms and alter the genetic structure of cellular DNA. d) Prolongation No stage of cellular carcinogenesis is termed prolongation.

Description : During which step of cellular carcinogenesis do cellular changes exhibit increased malignant behavior? a) Progression During this third step, cells show a propensity to invade adjacent tissues and ... of cellular DNA. d) Prolongation No stage of cellular carcinogenesis is termed prolongation.

Last Answer : a) Progression During this third step, cells show a propensity to invade adjacent tissues and metastasize.

Essential hypertension?

Description : Essential hypertension?

Last Answer : DefinitionEssential hypertension refers to high blood pressure with no identifiable cause.Alternative NamesHypertension - essentialCauses, incidence, and risk factorsAs blood is pumped through your body, it exerts ... is consistently over 90 mm Hg. Blood pressure is determined by the amount

Which of the following terms is given to hypertension in which the blood pressure, which is controlled with therapy, becomes uncontrolled (abnormally high) with the discontinuation of therapy? a) Rebound Rebound hypertension may precipitate a hypertensive crisis. b) Essential Essential or primary hypertension denotes high blood pressure from an unidentified source. c) Primary Essential or primary hypertension denotes high blood pressure from an unidentified source. d) Secondary Secondary hypertension denotes high blood pressure from an identified cause, such as renal disease.

Description : Which of the following terms is given to hypertension in which the blood pressure, which is controlled with therapy, becomes uncontrolled (abnormally high) with the discontinuation of therapy? ... Secondary hypertension denotes high blood pressure from an identified cause, such as renal disease.

Last Answer : a) Rebound Rebound hypertension may precipitate a hypertensive crisis.

According to the classification of hypertension diagnosed in the older adult, hypertension that can be attributed to an underlying cause is termed a) secondary. Secondary hypertension may be caused by a tumor of the adrenal gland (e.g., pheochromacytoma). b) primary. Primary hypertension has no known underlying cause. c) essential. Essential hypertension has no known underlying cause. d) isolated systolic. Isolated systolic hypertension is demonstrated by readings in which the systolic pressure exceeds 140 mm Hg and the diastolic measurement is normal or near normal (less than 90 mm Hg).

Description : According to the classification of hypertension diagnosed in the older adult, hypertension that can be attributed to an underlying cause is termed a) secondary. Secondary hypertension may be caused by a tumor of ... mm Hg and the diastolic measurement is normal or near normal (less than 90 mm Hg).

Last Answer : a) secondary. Secondary hypertension may be caused by a tumor of the adrenal gland (e.g., pheochromacytoma).

Sweat chlorides are increased in (A) Cystic fibrosis (B) Pancreatic cancer (C) Acute pancreatitis (D) None of these

Description : Sweat chlorides are increased in (A) Cystic fibrosis (B) Pancreatic cancer (C) Acute pancreatitis (D) None of these

Last Answer : Answer : A

The characteristic urinary finding in acute intermittent porphyria is (A) Increased quantity of uroporphyrin (B) Increased quantity of coproporphyrin I (C) Increased quantity of coproporphyrin III (D) Massive quantities of porphobilinogen

Description : The characteristic urinary finding in acute intermittent porphyria is (A) Increased quantity of uroporphyrin (B) Increased quantity of coproporphyrin I (C) Increased quantity of coproporphyrin III (D) Massive quantities of porphobilinogen

Last Answer : Answer : D

The slow moving fraction of LDH is typically increased in pancreas with (A) Cerebrovascular accidents (B) Acute myocardial infarction (C) Acute pancreatitis (D) Acute viral hepatits

Description : The slow moving fraction of LDH is typically increased in pancreas with (A) Cerebrovascular accidents (B) Acute myocardial infarction (C) Acute pancreatitis (D) Acute viral hepatits

Last Answer : Answer : D

Increased serum ornithine carabamoyl transferase activity is diagnostic of (A) Myocardial infarction (B) Hemolytic jaundice (C) Bone disease (D) Acute viral hepatitis

Description : Increased serum ornithine carabamoyl transferase activity is diagnostic of (A) Myocardial infarction (B) Hemolytic jaundice (C) Bone disease (D) Acute viral hepatitis

Last Answer : Answer : D

Serum lipase is increased in (A) Acute parotitis (B) Acute pancreatitis (C) Infective hepatitis (D) Biliary obstruction

Description : Serum lipase is increased in (A) Acute parotitis (B) Acute pancreatitis (C) Infective hepatitis (D) Biliary obstruction

Last Answer : Answer : A

Serum amylase is increased in (A) Acute parotitis (B) Acute pancreatitis (C) Pancreatic cancer (D) All of these

Description : Serum amylase is increased in (A) Acute parotitis (B) Acute pancreatitis (C) Pancreatic cancer (D) All of these

Last Answer : Answer : B

The normal range of filtration factor in an adult is (A) 0.10–0.15 (B) 0.16–0.21 (C) 0.25–0.30 (D) 0.35–0.40

Description : The normal range of filtration factor in an adult is (A) 0.10–0.15 (B) 0.16–0.21 (C) 0.25–0.30 (D) 0.35–0.40

Last Answer : Answer : B

Measurement of insulin clearance test is a measure of (A) Glomerular filtration rate (B) Filtration factor (C) Renal plasma flow (D) Tubular secretory mass

Description : Measurement of insulin clearance test is a measure of (A) Glomerular filtration rate (B) Filtration factor (C) Renal plasma flow (D) Tubular secretory mass

Last Answer : Answer : A