Urea clearance is the (A) Amount of urea excreted per minute (B) Amount of urea present in 100 ml of urine (C) Volume of blood cleared of urea in one minute (D) Amount of urea filtered by glomeruli in one minute

Urea clearance is the (A) Amount of urea excreted per minute (B) Amount of urea present in 100 ml of urine (C) Volume of blood cleared of urea in one minute (D) Amount of urea filtered by glomeruli in one minute
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The formula to calculate maximum urea clearance is U V× B , where U denotes (A) Concentration of urea in urine in gm/24hr (B) Concentration of urea in urine in mg/100 ml (C) Concentration of urea in blood in mg/100 ml (D) Volume of urine in ml/mt

Description : The formula to calculate maximum urea clearance is U V× B , where U denotes (A) Concentration of urea in urine in gm/24hr (B) Concentration of urea in urine in mg/100 ml (C) Concentration of urea in blood in mg/100 ml (D) Volume of urine in ml/mt

Last Answer : Answer : B

ADH test is based on the measurement of (A) Specific gravity of urine (B) Concentration of urea in urine (C) Concentration of urea in blood (D) Volume of urine in ml/minute

Description : ADH test is based on the measurement of (A) Specific gravity of urine (B) Concentration of urea in urine (C) Concentration of urea in blood (D) Volume of urine in ml/minute

Last Answer : A

In man, the amount of calcium in gms filtered in 24 hrs period by the renal glomeruli is (A) 5 (B) 10 (C) 15 (D) 20

Description : In man, the amount of calcium in gms filtered in 24 hrs period by the renal glomeruli is (A) 5 (B) 10 (C) 15 (D) 20

Last Answer : Answer : B

Ammonia is converted into urea in _____ and filtered from blood and excreted out by_____

Description : Ammonia is converted into urea in _____ and filtered from blood and excreted out by_____

Last Answer : Ammonia is converted into urea in _____ and filtered from blood and excreted out by_____

Ammonia is converted into urea in _____ and filtered from blood and excreted out by_____

Description : Ammonia is converted into urea in _____ and filtered from blood and excreted out by_____

Last Answer : Ammonia is converted into urea in _____ and filtered from blood and excreted out by_____

Para amino hippurate is (A) Filtered at glomeruli and secreted by the tubules (B) Filtered at glomeruli and not secreted by the tubules (C) Filtered at glomeruli and reabsorbed completely (D) Not removed completely during a single circulation of the blood through the kidney.

Description : Para amino hippurate is (A) Filtered at glomeruli and secreted by the tubules (B) Filtered at glomeruli and not secreted by the tubules (C) Filtered at glomeruli and reabsorbed completely (D) Not removed completely during a single circulation of the blood through the kidney.

Last Answer : Answer : A

All the following statements about inulin are correct except (A) It is completely non-toxic (B) It is completely filtered by glomeruli (C) It is not reabsorbed by tubular cells (D) It is secreted by tubular cells

Description : All the following statements about inulin are correct except (A) It is completely non-toxic (B) It is completely filtered by glomeruli (C) It is not reabsorbed by tubular cells (D) It is secreted by tubular cells

Last Answer : Answer : D

Which of the following statements about normal salt and water balance are true? A. The products of catabolism may be excreted by as little as 300 ml. of urine per day. B. The lungs represent the primary source of insensible water loss. C. The normal daily insensible water loss is 600 to 900 ml. D. Excessive cell catabolism causes significant loss of total body water. E. In normal humans, urine represents the greatest source of daily water loss.

Description : Which of the following statements about normal salt and water balance are true? A. The products of catabolism may be excreted by as little as 300 ml. of urine per day. B. The lungs represent ... of total body water. E. In normal humans, urine represents the greatest source of daily water loss.

Last Answer : Answer: CE DISCUSSION: The skin is the primary source of insensible water loss. Including losses from the lungs, this averages 600 to 900 ml. per day. Catabolism liberates water of solution. In ... still excrete a minimum of 500 to 800 ml. of urine per day to expel the products of catabolism

What would be the heart rate of a person if the cardiac output is 5 L, blood volume in the ventricles at the end of diastole is 100 mL and at the end of ventricular systole is 50 mL ? (a) 125 beats per minute (b) 50 beats per minute (c) 75 beats per minute (d) 100 beats per minute

Description : What would be the heart rate of a person if the cardiac output is 5 L, blood volume in the ventricles at the end of diastole is 100 mL and at the end of ventricular systole is 50 mL ? (a) 125 beats per minute (b) 50 beats per minute (c) 75 beats per minute (d) 100 beats per minute

Last Answer : (d) 100 beats per minute

Amount of phenylacetic acid excreted in the urine in phenylketonuria is (A) 100–200 mg/dL (B) 200–280 mg/dL (C) 290–550 mg/dL (D) 600–750 mg/dL

Description : Amount of phenylacetic acid excreted in the urine in phenylketonuria is (A) 100–200 mg/dL (B) 200–280 mg/dL (C) 290–550 mg/dL (D) 600–750 mg/dL

Last Answer : Answer : C

Which of the following statements are true of a patient with hyperglycemia and hyponatremia? A. The sodium concentration must be corrected by 5 mEq. per 100 mg. per 100 ml. elevation in blood glucose. B. With normal renal function, this patient is likely to be volume overloaded. C. Proper fluid therapy would be unlikely to include potassium administration. D. Insulin administration will increase the potassium content of cells. E. Early in treatment adequate urine output is a reliable measure of adequate volume resuscitation.

Description : Which of the following statements are true of a patient with hyperglycemia and hyponatremia? A. The sodium concentration must be corrected by 5 mEq. per 100 mg. per 100 ml. elevation in blood ... . E. Early in treatment adequate urine output is a reliable measure of adequate volume resuscitation.

Last Answer : Answer: D DISCUSSION: Each 100-mg. per 100 ml. elevation in blood glucose causes a fall in serum sodium concentration of approximately 2 mEq. per liter. Excess serum glucose ... correction of the patient's associated acidosis produce movement of potassium ions into the intracellular compartment

The average normal value for standard urea clearance is (A) 20 ml (B) 30 ml (C) 40 ml (D) 54 ml

Description : The average normal value for standard urea clearance is (A) 20 ml (B) 30 ml (C) 40 ml (D) 54 ml

Last Answer : Answer : D

Average maximum urea clearance is (A) 30 ml (B) 50 ml (C) 75 ml (D) 90 ml

Description : Average maximum urea clearance is (A) 30 ml (B) 50 ml (C) 75 ml (D) 90 ml

Last Answer : Answer : C

Maximum urea clearance is (A) 54 ml/min (B) 75 ml/min (C) 110 ml/min (D) 130 ml/min

Description : Maximum urea clearance is (A) 54 ml/min (B) 75 ml/min (C) 110 ml/min (D) 130 ml/min

Last Answer : Answer : B

Standard urea clearance is (A) 54 ml/min (B) 75 ml/min (C) 110 ml/min (D) 130 ml/min

Description : Standard urea clearance is (A) 54 ml/min (B) 75 ml/min (C) 110 ml/min (D) 130 ml/min

Last Answer : Answer : A

If a drug is excreted in urine at the rate of 10 mg/hr at a steady-state plasma concentration of 5 mg/L, then its renal clearance is: A. 0.5 L/hr B. 2.0 L/hr C. 5.0 L/hr D. 20 L/hr

Description : The plasma half life of penicillin-G is longer in the new born because their: A. Plasma protein level is low B. Drug metabolizing enzymes are immature C. Glomerular filtration rate is low D. Tubular transport mechanisms are not well developed

Last Answer : B. Drug metabolizing enzymes are immature

If a drug is excreted in urine at the rate of 10 mg/hr at a steady-state plasma concentration of 5 mg/L, then its renal clearance is: A. 0.5 L/hr B. 2.0 L/hr C. 5.0 L/hr D. 20 L/hr

Description : If a drug is excreted in urine at the rate of 10 mg/hr at a steady-state plasma concentration of 5 mg/L, then its renal clearance is: A. 0.5 L/hr B. 2.0 L/hr C. 5.0 L/hr D. 20 L/hr

Last Answer : B. 2.0 L/hr

Urea clearance test is used to determine the (A) Glomerular filtration rate (B) Renal plasma flow (C) Ability of kidney to concentrate the urine (D) Measurement of tubular mass

Description : Urea clearance test is used to determine the (A) Glomerular filtration rate (B) Renal plasma flow (C) Ability of kidney to concentrate the urine (D) Measurement of tubular mass

Last Answer : Answer : A

Of the 125 ml of glomerular filtrate produces each minute, the amount of urine formed is (a) 1 ml/mt (b) 1.5 ml/mt (c) 2.0 ml/mt (d) 5.0 ml/mt

Description : Of the 125 ml of glomerular filtrate produces each minute, the amount of urine formed is (a) 1 ml/mt (b) 1.5 ml/mt (c) 2.0 ml/mt (d) 5.0 ml/mt

Last Answer : Ans:(b)

A 15-year-old girl was seen by her family physician because of increasing lethargy. She had a recent history of the "flu". Biochemistry tests show that she has renal impairement. serum sodium 140 mmol/L (137 - 144) serum potassium 4.2 mmol/L (3.5 - 4.9) serum urea 28 mol/L (2.5 - 7.5) serum creatinine 280 µmol/L (60 - 110) Her condition does not improve after several weeks on corticosteroid therapy, so a renal biopsy is performed. The biopsy demonstrates the presence of segmental sclerosis of 3 of 10 glomeruli identified in the biopsy specimen. Immunofluorescence studies and electron microscopy do not reveal evidence for immune deposits. What is the most appropriate advice to give regarding her condition? 1) She has an underlying malignancy 2) She may require a renal transplant in 10 years

Description : A 15-year-old girl was seen by her family physician because of increasing lethargy. She had a recent history of the "flu". Biochemistry tests show that she has renal impairement. ... will likely develop a restrictive lung disease 5) She will probably improve with additional corticosteroid therapy

Last Answer : Answers-2 The findings point to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), which leads to chronic renal failure in half of cases. The lack of resolution with corticosteroid therapy and the progression to chronic renal failure is what sets FSGS apart from minimal change disease.

In the event of an act of unlawful interference, which of the following is the correct procedure to be taken by the pilot in command? a. Squawk 7700 if the situation requires and continue the flight as per the ATC clearance received if possible b. Squawk 7500 and broadcast a warning to ATC other traffic on 121.500MHz or the frequency in use whilst maintaining the flight as cleared c. Squawk 7500 (or 7700 if required) and broadcast a warning if the situation forces deviation from the cleared flight plan d. If forced to deviate from the flight plan, climb or descend to altitudes that differ from the normal cruising altitudes by 1000ft

Description : In the event of an act of unlawful interference, which of the following is the correct procedure to be taken by the pilot in command? a. Squawk 7700 if the situation requires and continue ... the flight plan, climb or descend to altitudes that differ from the normal cruising altitudes by 1000ft

Last Answer : c. Squawk 7500 (or 7700 if required) and broadcast a warning if the situation forces deviation from the cleared flight plan

The amount of coproporphyrins excreted per day in feces is about (A) 10–50 µgs (B) 100–150 µgs (C) 200–250 µgs (D) 300–1000 µgs

Description : The amount of coproporphyrins excreted per day in feces is about (A) 10–50 µgs (B) 100–150 µgs (C) 200–250 µgs (D) 300–1000 µgs

Last Answer : Answer : D

Assertion `:-` In fish ammonia is excreted by diffusion through gill surface as ammonium ions. Reason `:-` Some amount of urea may be retained in the

Description : Assertion `:-` In fish ammonia is excreted by diffusion through gill surface as ammonium ions. Reason `:-` Some amount of urea may be retained in the

Last Answer : Assertion `:-` In fish ammonia is excreted by diffusion through gill surface as ammonium ions. Reason ` ... . D. If both Assertion & Reason are false.

If the total amount of a drug present in the body at a given moment is 2.0 g and its plasma concentration is 25 μg/ml, its volume of distribution is: A. 100 L B. 80 L C. 60 L D. 50 L

Description : If the total amount of a drug present in the body at a given moment is 2.0 g and its plasma concentration is 25 μg/ml, its volume of distribution is: A. 100 L B. 80 L C. 60 L D. 50 L

Last Answer : B. 80 L

2 If the total amount of a drug present in the body at a given moment is 2.0 g and its plasma concentration is 25 μg/ml, its volume of distribution is: A. 100 L B. 80 L C. 60 L D. 50 L

Description : 2 If the total amount of a drug present in the body at a given moment is 2.0 g and its plasma concentration is 25 μg/ml, its volume of distribution is: A. 100 L B. 80 L C. 60 L D. 50 L

Last Answer : B. 80 L

If the total amount of a drug present in the body at a given moment is 2.0 g and its plasma concentration is 25 μ g/ml, its volume of distribution is: A. 100 L B. 80 L C. 60 L D. 50 L

Description : If the total amount of a drug present in the body at a given moment is 2.0 g and its plasma concentration is 25 μ g/ml, its volume of distribution is: A. 100 L B. 80 L C. 60 L D. 50 L

Last Answer : B. 80 L

When the nurse notes that the post cardiac surgery patient demonstrates low urine output (< 25 ml/hr) with high specific gravity (> 1.025), the nurse suspects: a) Inadequate fluid volume Urine output of less than 25 ml/hr may indicate a decrease in cardiac output. A high specific gravity indicates increased concentration of solutes in the urine which occurs with inadequate fluid volume. b) Normal glomerular filtration Indices of normal glomerular filtration are output of 25 ml or greater per hour and specific gravity between 1.010 and 1.025. c) Overhydration Overhydration is manifested by high urine output with low specific gravity. d) Anuria The anuric patient does not produce urine.

Description : When the nurse notes that the post cardiac surgery patient demonstrates low urine output (< 25 ml/hr) with high specific gravity (> 1.025), the nurse suspects: a) Inadequate fluid volume Urine ... by high urine output with low specific gravity. d) Anuria The anuric patient does not produce urine.

Last Answer : a) Inadequate fluid volume Urine output of less than 25 ml/hr may indicate a decrease in cardiac output. A high specific gravity indicates increased concentration of solutes in the urine which occurs with inadequate fluid volume.

Ammonia is excreted as ammonium salts during metabolic acidosis but the majority is excreted as (A) Phosphates (B) Creatine (C) Uric acid (D) Urea

Description : Ammonia is excreted as ammonium salts during metabolic acidosis but the majority is excreted as (A) Phosphates (B) Creatine (C) Uric acid (D) Urea

Last Answer : Answer : D

Match the items given in column I with those in column II and select the correct option given below. Column I Column II A. Glycosuria (i) Accumulation of uric acid in joints B. Gout (ii) Mass of crystallised salts within the kidney C. Renal calculi (iii) Inflammation in glomeruli D. Glomerular (iv) Presence of glucose in nephritis urine A B C D (a) (iii) (ii) (iv) (i) (b) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (c) (ii) (iii) (i) (iv) (d) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)

Description : Match the items given in column I with those in column II and select the correct option given below. Column I Column II A. Glycosuria (i) Accumulation of uric acid in joints B. Gout (ii) Mass of crystallised salts within the kidney ... (iii) (iv) (c) (ii) (iii) (i) (iv) (d) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)

Last Answer : (d) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)

The term “DISREGARD” means: a. Ignore b. Cancel the last clearance c. You have not been cleared d. Pay no attention to what I say

Description : The term “DISREGARD” means: a. Ignore b. Cancel the last clearance c. You have not been cleared d. Pay no attention to what I say

Last Answer : a. Ignore

The term “DISREGARD” means: a. Ignore b. Cancel the last clearance c. You have not been cleared d. Pay no attention to what I say

Description : The term “DISREGARD” means: a. Ignore b. Cancel the last clearance c. You have not been cleared d. Pay no attention to what I say

Last Answer : a. Ignore

Maximum quantity of sodium is excreted through (A) Urine (B) Faeces (C) Sweat (D) None of these

Description : Maximum quantity of sodium is excreted through (A) Urine (B) Faeces (C) Sweat (D) None of these

Last Answer : Answer : A

In human beings molybdenum is mainly excreted in (A) Feces (B) Sweat (C) Urine (D) Tears

Description : In human beings molybdenum is mainly excreted in (A) Feces (B) Sweat (C) Urine (D) Tears

Last Answer : Answer : C

In Hunter’s syndrome (A) There is progressive corneal opacity (B) Keratan sulphate is excreted in the urine (C) Enzyme defective is arylsulphatase B (D) Hearing loss is perceptive

Description : In Hunter’s syndrome (A) There is progressive corneal opacity (B) Keratan sulphate is excreted in the urine (C) Enzyme defective is arylsulphatase B (D) Hearing loss is perceptive

Last Answer : Answer : D

Molecular Iron, Fe, is (A) Stored in the body in combination with Ferritin (B) Stored primarily in the spleen (C) Excreted in the urine as Fe2+ (D) absorbed in the intestine by albumin VITAMINS 129

Description : Molecular Iron, Fe, is (A) Stored in the body in combination with Ferritin (B) Stored primarily in the spleen (C) Excreted in the urine as Fe2+ (D) absorbed in the intestine by albumin VITAMINS 129

Last Answer : Answer : A

All the following statements regarding ketone bodies are true except (A) They may result from starvation (B) They are formed in kidneys (C) They include acetoacetic acid and acetone (D) They may be excreted in urine

Description : All the following statements regarding ketone bodies are true except (A) They may result from starvation (B) They are formed in kidneys (C) They include acetoacetic acid and acetone (D) They may be excreted in urine

Last Answer : Answer : B

Cholesterol is excreted as such into ________. (A) Urine (B) Faeces (C) Bile (D) Tears FATS AND FATTY ACID METABOLISM 99

Description : Cholesterol is excreted as such into ________. (A) Urine (B) Faeces (C) Bile (D) Tears FATS AND FATTY ACID METABOLISM 99

Last Answer : Answer : C

An enzyme which is excreted in urine is (A) Lactase dehydrogenase (B) Amylase (C) Ornithine transcarbamoylase (D) None of these

Description : An enzyme which is excreted in urine is (A) Lactase dehydrogenase (B) Amylase (C) Ornithine transcarbamoylase (D) None of these

Last Answer : Answer : C

Bence Jones proteins may be excreted in urine of patients suffering from (A) Tuberculosis (B) Diabetes mellitus (C) Multiple myeloma (D) Hyperthyroidism

Description : Bence Jones proteins may be excreted in urine of patients suffering from (A) Tuberculosis (B) Diabetes mellitus (C) Multiple myeloma (D) Hyperthyroidism

Last Answer : Answer : C

3 gram of activated charcoal was added to 50 mL of acetic acid solution (0.06N) in a flask. After an hour it was filtered and the strength of the fitr

Description : 3 gram of activated charcoal was added to 50 mL of acetic acid solution (0.06N) in a flask. After an hour it was filtered and the strength of the fitr

Last Answer : 3 gram of activated charcoal was added to 50 mL of acetic acid solution (0.06N) in a flask. After an hour it was ... B. `36 mg` C. `42 mg` D. `54 mg`

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning carbon dioxide kinetics? a. The amount of carbon dioxide produced is equivalent to the amount of oxygen consumed b. Carbon dioxide levels in blood, present mostly as a bicarbonate ion, can quickly change c. Normally the amount of carbon dioxide excreted through the lung is exactly equal to the amount of carbon dioxide produced in peripheral tissues d. The amount of carbon dioxide excreted is a function of ventilation of perfused alveoli

Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning carbon dioxide kinetics? a. The amount of carbon dioxide produced is equivalent to the amount of oxygen consumed b. Carbon dioxide levels ... tissues d. The amount of carbon dioxide excreted is a function of ventilation of perfused alveoli

Last Answer : Answer: a, c, d The total amount of carbon dioxide produced by systemic metabolism is roughly equivalent to the amount of oxygen consumed (100-120 cc/m2/min, 200 cc/min in a typical ... carbon dioxide excreted is a function of ventilation of perfused alveoli (i.e. the alveolar ventilation/min).

Upon the entry of carbon dioxide in the red blood cells, H+ionsare formed at a very rapid rate, and yet the blood does not turn acid because (a) H+ ions are rapidly exchanged at the expense of HCO3-ions (b) H+ ions are rapidly removed and excreted in the urine (c) H+ ions are buffered by proteins of haemoglobin and plasma (d) H+ ions are buffered by proteins of haemoglobin and proteins and phosphates of plasma

Description : Upon the entry of carbon dioxide in the red blood cells, H+ionsare formed at a very rapid rate, and yet the blood does not turn acid because (a) H+ ions are rapidly exchanged at the ... haemoglobin and plasma (d) H+ ions are buffered by proteins of haemoglobin and proteins and phosphates of plasma

Last Answer : Ans:(c)

Glycosuria is a condition where a man (a) Eats more sugar (b) Excretes sugar in urine (c) Sugar is excreted in faeces (d) Has low sugar level in blood

Description : Glycosuria is a condition where a man (a) Eats more sugar (b) Excretes sugar in urine (c) Sugar is excreted in faeces (d) Has low sugar level in blood

Last Answer : (b) Excretes sugar in urine

Weakly acidic drugs: A. Are bound primarily to α1 acid glycoprotein in plasma B. Are excreted faster in alkaline urine C. Are highly ionized in the gastric juice D. Do not cross blood-brain barrier

Description : Weakly acidic drugs: A. Are bound primarily to α1 acid glycoprotein in plasma B. Are excreted faster in alkaline urine C. Are highly ionized in the gastric juice D. Do not cross blood-brain barrier

Last Answer : B. Are excreted faster in alkaline urine

Weakly acidic drugs: A. Are bound primarily to α1 acid glycoprotein in plasma B. Are excreted faster in alkaline urine C. Are highly ionized in the gastric juice D. Do not cross blood-brain barrier

Description : Weakly acidic drugs: A. Are bound primarily to α1 acid glycoprotein in plasma B. Are excreted faster in alkaline urine C. Are highly ionized in the gastric juice D. Do not cross blood-brain barrier

Last Answer : B. Are excreted faster in alkaline urine

Weakly acidic drugs: A. Are bound primarily to α1 acid glycoprotein in plasma B. Are excreted faster in alkaline urine C. Are highly ionized in the gastric juice D. Do not cross blood-brain barrier

Description : Weakly acidic drugs: A. Are bound primarily to α1 acid glycoprotein in plasma B. Are excreted faster in alkaline urine C. Are highly ionized in the gastric juice D. Do not cross blood-brain barrier

Last Answer : B. Are excreted faster in alkaline urine

Among the following, a test of Glomerular function is (A) Urea clearance (B) PSP excretion test (C) PAH clearance (D) Hippuric acid excretion test

Description : Among the following, a test of Glomerular function is (A) Urea clearance (B) PSP excretion test (C) PAH clearance (D) Hippuric acid excretion test

Last Answer : Answer : D

Filtration fraction can be calculated from (A) Standard urea clearance and PSP excretion (B) Maximum urea clearance and PSP excretion (C) Maximum urea clearance and PAH clearance (D) Inulin clearance and PAH clearance

Description : Filtration fraction can be calculated from (A) Standard urea clearance and PSP excretion (B) Maximum urea clearance and PSP excretion (C) Maximum urea clearance and PAH clearance (D) Inulin clearance and PAH clearance

Last Answer : Answer : A

Urea clearance is lowered in (A) Acute nephritis (B) Pneumonia (C) Early stage of nephritic syndrome (D) Benign hypertension

Description : Urea clearance is lowered in (A) Acute nephritis (B) Pneumonia (C) Early stage of nephritic syndrome (D) Benign hypertension

Last Answer : Answer : A