All the following statements correctly describe ketone bodies except (A) They may result from starvation (B) They are present at high levels in uncontrolled diabetes (C) They include—OH β-butyrate and acetone (D) They are utilized by the liver during long term starvation

All the following statements correctly describe ketone bodies except (A) They may result from starvation (B) They are present at high levels in uncontrolled diabetes (C) They include—OH β-butyrate and acetone (D) They are utilized by the liver during long term starvation
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All the following statements regarding ketone bodies are true except (A) They may result from starvation (B) They are formed in kidneys (C) They include acetoacetic acid and acetone (D) They may be excreted in urine

Description : All the following statements regarding ketone bodies are true except (A) They may result from starvation (B) They are formed in kidneys (C) They include acetoacetic acid and acetone (D) They may be excreted in urine

Last Answer : Answer : B

All the following correctly describe the intermediate 3-OH-3-methyl glutaryl CoA except (A) It is generated enzymatically in the mitochondrial matrix (B) It is formed in the cytoplasm (C) It inhibits the first step in cholesterol synthesis (D) It is involved in the synthesis of ketone bodies

Description : All the following correctly describe the intermediate 3-OH-3-methyl glutaryl CoA except (A) It is generated enzymatically in the mitochondrial matrix (B) It is formed in the cytoplasm (C) It inhibits the first step in cholesterol synthesis (D) It is involved in the synthesis of ketone bodies

Last Answer : Answer : C

All the following statements about ketone bodies are true except (A) Their synthesis increases in diabetes mellitus (B) They are synthesized in mitchondria (C) They can deplete the alkali reserve (D) They can be oxidized in the liver

Description : All the following statements about ketone bodies are true except (A) Their synthesis increases in diabetes mellitus (B) They are synthesized in mitchondria (C) They can deplete the alkali reserve (D) They can be oxidized in the liver

Last Answer : Answer : D

Ketone bodies are utilized by all tissues except Options: 1) Liver 2) Muscle 3) Heart 4) Kidney

Description : Ketone bodies are utilized by all tissues except Options: 1) Liver 2) Muscle 3) Heart 4) Kidney

Last Answer : Correct Answer: 1) Liver

During starvation, ketone bodies are used as a fuel by (A) Erythrocytes (B) Brain (C) Liver (D) All of these

Description : During starvation, ketone bodies are used as a fuel by (A) Erythrocytes (B) Brain (C) Liver (D) All of these

Last Answer : B

It has been suggested that enterocyte-specific fuels be utilized for all patients receiving parenteral nutrition. Theoretically, the benefits of such fuels include: A. Glutamine increases gut mucosal protein content and wall thickness. B. Butyrate increases jejunal mucosal protein content and wall thickness. C. The short-chain fatty acids—butyrate, propionate, and acetate—are useful in supporting ileal mucosal protein content and thickness. D. The use of glutamine-enriched solutions for parenteral nutrition for patients with chemotherapy toxicity or radiation enteritis is without hazards.

Description : It has been suggested that enterocyte-specific fuels be utilized for all patients receiving parenteral nutrition. Theoretically, the benefits of such fuels include: A. Glutamine increases ... parenteral nutrition for patients with chemotherapy toxicity or radiation enteritis is without hazards.

Last Answer : Answer: NONE IS ENTIRELY TRUE DISCUSSION: The use of enterocyte-specific fuels is part of a new and potentially exciting phase of nutritional pharmacology in parenteral nutrition; ... the maintenance of colonocyte-specific nutrition and, in the case of butyrate, ileal enterocyte nutrition

Which of the following products of triacylglycerol breakdown and subsequent β-Oxidation may undergo gluconeogenesis? (A) Acetyl CoA (B) Porpionyl CoA (C) All ketone bodies (D) Some amino acids

Description : Which of the following products of triacylglycerol breakdown and subsequent β-Oxidation may undergo gluconeogenesis? (A) Acetyl CoA (B) Porpionyl CoA (C) All ketone bodies (D) Some amino acids

Last Answer : Answer : B

All of the following statements about bronzed diabetes are true except (A) It is caused by excessive intake of copper (B) Skin becomes pigmented (C) There is damage to β cells of Islets of Langerhans (D) Liver is damaged

Description : All of the following statements about bronzed diabetes are true except (A) It is caused by excessive intake of copper (B) Skin becomes pigmented (C) There is damage to β cells of Islets of Langerhans (D) Liver is damaged

Last Answer : Answer : A

Insulin release from pancreatic β cells is augmented by the following except: A. Ketone bodies B. Glucagon C. Vagal stimulation D. Alfa adrenergic agonists

Description : Insulin release from pancreatic β cells is augmented by the following except: A. Ketone bodies B. Glucagon C. Vagal stimulation D. Alfa adrenergic agonists

Last Answer : D. Alfa adrenergic agonist

The acetyl CoA formed on β-oxidation of all long chain fatty acids is metabolized under normal circumstances to (A) CO2 and water (B) Cholesterol (C) Fatty acids (D) Ketone bodies

Description : The acetyl CoA formed on β-oxidation of all long chain fatty acids is metabolized under normal circumstances to (A) CO2 and water (B) Cholesterol (C) Fatty acids (D) Ketone bodies

Last Answer : Answer : A

The structure which appears to be the only organ to add significant quantities of ketone bodies to the blood is (A) Brain (B) Erythrocytes (C) Liver (D) Skeletal muscle

Description : The structure which appears to be the only organ to add significant quantities of ketone bodies to the blood is (A) Brain (B) Erythrocytes (C) Liver (D) Skeletal muscle

Last Answer : Answer : C

Ketone bodies are synthesized from fatty acid oxidation products by which of the following organs? (A) Liver (B) Skeletal muscles (C) Kidney (D) Brain

Description : Ketone bodies are synthesized from fatty acid oxidation products by which of the following organs? (A) Liver (B) Skeletal muscles (C) Kidney (D) Brain

Last Answer : Answer : A

Ketone bodies are formed in (A) Kidney (B) Liver (C) Heart (D) Intestines

Description : Ketone bodies are formed in (A) Kidney (B) Liver (C) Heart (D) Intestines

Last Answer : Answer : B

Ketone bodies are synthesized in (A) Adipose tissue (B) Liver (C) Muscles (D) Brain

Description : Ketone bodies are synthesized in (A) Adipose tissue (B) Liver (C) Muscles (D) Brain

Last Answer : Answer : B

Vitamin K is a cofactor for (A) Gamma carboxylation of glutamic acid residue (B) β-Oxidation of fatty acid (C) Formation of γ-amino butyrate (D) Synthesis of tryptophan

Description : Vitamin K is a cofactor for (A) Gamma carboxylation of glutamic acid residue (B) β-Oxidation of fatty acid (C) Formation of γ-amino butyrate (D) Synthesis of tryptophan

Last Answer : Answer : A

Rothera test is not given by (A) β-hydroxy butyrate (B) bile salts (C) Glucose (D) None of these

Description : Rothera test is not given by (A) β-hydroxy butyrate (B) bile salts (C) Glucose (D) None of these

Last Answer : A

All of the following tissue are capable of using ketone bodies except (A) Brain (B) Renal cortex (C) R.B.C. (D) Cardiac muscle

Description : All of the following tissue are capable of using ketone bodies except (A) Brain (B) Renal cortex (C) R.B.C. (D) Cardiac muscle

Last Answer : Answer : C

Which of the following statements are true of the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)? A. The “two-hit” model proposes that secondary MODS may be produced when even a relatively minor second insult reactivates, in a more amplified form, the systemic inflammatory response that was primed by an initial insult to the host. B. The systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), shock due to sepsis or SIRS, and MODS may be regarded as a continuum of illness severity. C. Prolonged stimulation or activation of Kupffer cells in the liver is thought to be a critical factor in the sustained, uncontrolled release of inflammatory mediators. D. The incidence of MODS in intensive care units has decreased owing to increased awareness, prevention, and treatment of the syndrome.

Description : Which of the following statements are true of the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)? A. The two-hit model proposes that secondary MODS may be produced when even a relatively ... intensive care units has decreased owing to increased awareness, prevention, and treatment of the syndrome.

Last Answer : Answer: ABC DISCUSSION: MODS is part of a clinical continuum that begins with the systemic inflammatory response syndrome, which is the host's stress response to any major insult such ... pathogenesis of MODS, the incidence of MODS continues to increase without a significant improvement in outcome

Acetoacetic acid and β-OH butyric acid are formed as (A) Kidneys (B) Heart (C) Liver (D) Intestine

Description : Acetoacetic acid and β-OH butyric acid are formed as (A) Kidneys (B) Heart (C) Liver (D) Intestine

Last Answer : Answer : C

Antibiotics should be used routinely to prevent infection arising from oral surgery in patients suffering from all the following EXCEPT: A. Agranulocytosis B. Sever uncontrolled diabetes C. Aplastic anaemia D. Mumps E. Leukaemia

Description : Antibiotics should be used routinely to prevent infection arising from oral surgery in patients suffering from all the following EXCEPT: A. Agranulocytosis B. Sever uncontrolled diabetes C. Aplastic anaemia D. Mumps E. Leukaemia

Last Answer : D. Mumps

Which one of the following tissues can metabolize glucose, fatty acids and ketone bodies for ATP production? a. Liver b. Muscle c. Brain d. R.B.C

Description : Which one of the following tissues can metabolize glucose, fatty acids and ketone bodies for ATP production? a. Liver b. Muscle c. Brain d. R.B.C

Last Answer : Ans: B

A patient with an acetone odour would be suspected suffering from: A. Heart disease B. Liver damage C. Diabetes

Description : A patient with an acetone odour would be suspected suffering from: A. Heart disease B. Liver damage C. Diabetes

Last Answer : C. Diabetes

Before starvation (a) Glucose is utilized (b) Glycogen is consumed (c) Fat is consumed (d) Glucose & Glycogen consumed

Description : Before starvation (a) Glucose is utilized (b) Glycogen is consumed (c) Fat is consumed (d) Glucose & Glycogen consumed

Last Answer : (d) Glucose & Glycogen consumed

In β-Oxidation of fatty acids, which of the following are utilized as coenzymes? (A) NAD+ and NADP+ (B) FADH2 and NADH + H+ (C) FAD and FMN (D) FAD and NAD+

Description : In β-Oxidation of fatty acids, which of the following are utilized as coenzymes? (A) NAD+ and NADP+ (B) FADH2 and NADH + H+ (C) FAD and FMN (D) FAD and NAD+

Last Answer : Answer : D

Metabolic acidosis is caused in (A) Uncontrolled diabetes with ketosis (B) Pneumonia (C) Intestinal Obstruction (D) Hepatic coma

Description : Metabolic acidosis is caused in (A) Uncontrolled diabetes with ketosis (B) Pneumonia (C) Intestinal Obstruction (D) Hepatic coma

Last Answer : Answer : A

Which of the following types of cells have a latent ability to regenerate? a) Stable Stable cells have a latent ability to regenerate if they are damaged or destroyed and are found in the kidney, liver, and pancreas, among other body organs. b) Labile Labile cells multiply constantly to replace cells worn out by normal physiologic processes. c) Permanent Permanent cells include neurons — the nerve cell bodies, not their axons. Destruction of a neuron causes permanent loss, but axons may regenerate. d) Epithelial Epithelial cells are a type of labile cell that multiply constantly to replace cells worn out by normal physiologic processes.

Description : Which of the following types of cells have a latent ability to regenerate? a) Stable Stable cells have a latent ability to regenerate if they are damaged or destroyed and are found in the ... a type of labile cell that multiply constantly to replace cells worn out by normal physiologic processes.

Last Answer : a) Stable Stable cells have a latent ability to regenerate if they are damaged or destroyed and are found in the kidney, liver, and pancreas, among other body organs.

Acetyl CoA required for de novo synthesis of fatty acids is obtained from (A) Breakdown of existing fatty acids (B) Ketone bodies (C) Acetate (D) Pyruvate

Description : Acetyl CoA required for de novo synthesis of fatty acids is obtained from (A) Breakdown of existing fatty acids (B) Ketone bodies (C) Acetate (D) Pyruvate

Last Answer : Answer : D

Acetyl-CoA can be formed from (A) Pyruvate (B) Fatty acids (C) ketone bodies (D) All of these

Description : Acetyl-CoA can be formed from (A) Pyruvate (B) Fatty acids (C) ketone bodies (D) All of these

Last Answer : Answer : D

Ketone bodies serve as a fuel for (A) Extrahepatic tissues (B) Hepatic tissues (C) Erythrocytes (D) Mitochondria

Description : Ketone bodies serve as a fuel for (A) Extrahepatic tissues (B) Hepatic tissues (C) Erythrocytes (D) Mitochondria

Last Answer : Answer : A

In humans under normal conditions loss of ketone bodies via urine is usually less than (A) 1 mg/24 hr (B) 4 mg/24 hr (C) 8 mg/24 hr (D) 10 mg/24 hr

Description : In humans under normal conditions loss of ketone bodies via urine is usually less than (A) 1 mg/24 hr (B) 4 mg/24 hr (C) 8 mg/24 hr (D) 10 mg/24 hr

Last Answer : Answer : A

The concentration of ketone bodies in the blood does not normally exceed (A) 0.2 mmol/L (B) 0.4 mmol/L (C) 1 mmol/L (D) 2 mmol/L

Description : The concentration of ketone bodies in the blood does not normally exceed (A) 0.2 mmol/L (B) 0.4 mmol/L (C) 1 mmol/L (D) 2 mmol/L

Last Answer : Answer : A

A pathway that requires NADPH as a cofactor is (A) Fatty acid oxidation (B) Extra mitochondrial denovo fatty acid synthesis (C) Ketone bodies formation (D) Glycogenesis

Description : A pathway that requires NADPH as a cofactor is (A) Fatty acid oxidation (B) Extra mitochondrial denovo fatty acid synthesis (C) Ketone bodies formation (D) Glycogenesis

Last Answer : Answer : B

An enzyme required for the synthesis of ketone bodies as well as cholesterol is (A) Acetyl CoA carboxylase (B) HMG CoA synthetase (C) HMG CoA reductase (D) HMG CoA lyase

Description : An enzyme required for the synthesis of ketone bodies as well as cholesterol is (A) Acetyl CoA carboxylase (B) HMG CoA synthetase (C) HMG CoA reductase (D) HMG CoA lyase

Last Answer : Answer : B

In human and other ureotelic organisms, the end product of amino acid nitrogen metabolism: (A) Bile acids (B) Ketone bodies (C) Urea (D) Barium sulphate

Description : In human and other ureotelic organisms, the end product of amino acid nitrogen metabolism: (A) Bile acids (B) Ketone bodies (C) Urea (D) Barium sulphate

Last Answer : Answer : C

What test is used to identify ketone bodies in urine?

Description : What test is used to identify ketone bodies in urine?

Last Answer : Rotheraís test.

Utilisation of ketone bodies by peripheral tissues needs which enzyme?

Description : Utilisation of ketone bodies by peripheral tissues needs which enzyme?

Last Answer : Succinyl CoA dependent thiophorase.

Ketone bodies are formed in which tissue?

Description : Ketone bodies are formed in which tissue?

Last Answer : Liver.

What are ketone bodies?

Description : What are ketone bodies?

Last Answer : Aceto acetate, beta hydroxy butyric acid, and acetone.

Which of the following is not likely to be the cause of failure of antimicrobial therapy of an acute infection: A. Improper selection of drug and dose B. Acquisition of resistance during treatment C. Failure to drain the pus D. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus

Description : Which of the following is not likely to be the cause of failure of antimicrobial therapy of an acute infection: A. Improper selection of drug and dose B. Acquisition of resistance during treatment C. Failure to drain the pus D. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus

Last Answer : B. Acquisition of resistance during treatment

Hypoglycaemic coma can occur (A) In untreated diabetes mellitus (B) In starvation (C) After overdose of oral hypoglycaemic drugs (D) After overdose of insulin

Description : Hypoglycaemic coma can occur (A) In untreated diabetes mellitus (B) In starvation (C) After overdose of oral hypoglycaemic drugs (D) After overdose of insulin

Last Answer : Answer : D

The rate of HMP shunt reactions is (A) Increased by Insulin (B) Increased in diabetes mellitus (C) Increased by glucagons (D) Increased in starvation

Description : The rate of HMP shunt reactions is (A) Increased by Insulin (B) Increased in diabetes mellitus (C) Increased by glucagons (D) Increased in starvation

Last Answer : Answer : A

Which of the following condition is characterized by ketonuria but without glycosuria? (A) Diabetes mellitus (B) Diabetes insipidus (C) Prolonged starvation (D) Addison’s disease

Description : Which of the following condition is characterized by ketonuria but without glycosuria? (A) Diabetes mellitus (B) Diabetes insipidus (C) Prolonged starvation (D) Addison’s disease

Last Answer : Answer : C

Two conditions in which gluconeogenesis is increased are (A) Diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis (B) Fed condition and thyrotoxicosis (C) Diabetes mellitus and Starvation (D) Alcohol intake and cigarette smoking

Description : Two conditions in which gluconeogenesis is increased are (A) Diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis (B) Fed condition and thyrotoxicosis (C) Diabetes mellitus and Starvation (D) Alcohol intake and cigarette smoking

Last Answer : C

Non-protein nitrogenous substances in blood are raised in (A) Starvation (B) Liver damage (C) Renal failure (D) All of these

Description : Non-protein nitrogenous substances in blood are raised in (A) Starvation (B) Liver damage (C) Renal failure (D) All of these

Last Answer : Answer : B

The amino acids abstracted from the liver are not utilized for repair or special synthesis but are broken down to (A) Keto acids (B) Sulphur dioxide (C) Water (D) Ammonia

Description : The amino acids abstracted from the liver are not utilized for repair or special synthesis but are broken down to (A) Keto acids (B) Sulphur dioxide (C) Water (D) Ammonia

Last Answer : Answer : D

Which of the following statements is NOT true about diabetes mellitus? A) Type II diabetes is much more common than type I. B) Insulin injections are required in both type I and type II diabetes. C) Type I diabetes occurs as a result of destruction of the insulin-producing cells. D) One method of treating type II diabetes is exercise and a low-fat, low-sugar diet. E) Symptoms of diabetes include excessive thirst, frequent urination, and glucose in the urine.

Description : Which of the following statements is NOT true about diabetes mellitus? A) Type II diabetes is much more common than type I. B) Insulin injections are required in both type I and type II ... -sugar diet. E) Symptoms of diabetes include excessive thirst, frequent urination, and glucose in the urine.

Last Answer : B) Insulin injections are required in both type I and type II diabetes.

All the following statements about obstructive jaundice are true except (A) Prothrombin time may be prolonged due to impaired absorption of vitamin K (B) Serum alkaline phosphatase may be raised due to increased release of the enzyme from liver cells (C) Bile salts may enter systemic circulation due to biliary obstruction (D) There is no defect in conjugation of bilirubin

Description : All the following statements about obstructive jaundice are true except (A) Prothrombin time may be prolonged due to impaired absorption of vitamin K (B) Serum alkaline phosphatase may be raised ... systemic circulation due to biliary obstruction (D) There is no defect in conjugation of bilirubin

Last Answer : Answer : B

In which condition do you have to prescribe antibiotics prior to dental treatment: A. Rheumatic fever B. Sub-acute bacterial endocarditis C. By pass D. Valve replacement E. Uncontrolled diabetes F. All of the above

Description : In which condition do you have to prescribe antibiotics prior to dental treatment: A. Rheumatic fever B. Sub-acute bacterial endocarditis C. By pass D. Valve replacement E. Uncontrolled diabetes F. All of the above

Last Answer : F. All of the above

All the following statements about TSH are true except (A) It is a glycoprotein (B) It is made up of α- and β-subunits (C) Receptor recognition involves both the subunits (D) Its subunit is identical with those of FSH and LH

Description : All the following statements about TSH are true except (A) It is a glycoprotein (B) It is made up of α- and β-subunits (C) Receptor recognition involves both the subunits (D) Its subunit is identical with those of FSH and LH

Last Answer : Answer : D