Renal glycosuria is characterized by (A) Hyperglycemia (B) Hyperglycemia with glycosuria (C) Normal blood glucose level with glycosuria (D) Hyperglycemia with ketosis

Renal glycosuria is characterized by (A) Hyperglycemia (B) Hyperglycemia with glycosuria (C) Normal blood glucose level with glycosuria (D) Hyperglycemia with ketosis
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Which of the following statements are true of a patient with hyperglycemia and hyponatremia? A. The sodium concentration must be corrected by 5 mEq. per 100 mg. per 100 ml. elevation in blood glucose. B. With normal renal function, this patient is likely to be volume overloaded. C. Proper fluid therapy would be unlikely to include potassium administration. D. Insulin administration will increase the potassium content of cells. E. Early in treatment adequate urine output is a reliable measure of adequate volume resuscitation.

Description : Which of the following statements are true of a patient with hyperglycemia and hyponatremia? A. The sodium concentration must be corrected by 5 mEq. per 100 mg. per 100 ml. elevation in blood ... . E. Early in treatment adequate urine output is a reliable measure of adequate volume resuscitation.

Last Answer : Answer: D DISCUSSION: Each 100-mg. per 100 ml. elevation in blood glucose causes a fall in serum sodium concentration of approximately 2 mEq. per liter. Excess serum glucose ... correction of the patient's associated acidosis produce movement of potassium ions into the intracellular compartment

Renal glycosuria occurs due to (A) Increased filtration of glucose in glomeruli (B) Increased secretion of glucose by renal tubular cells (C) Decreased reabsorption of glucose by renal tubular cells (D) Increased conversion of glycogen into glucose in tubular cells

Description : Renal glycosuria occurs due to (A) Increased filtration of glucose in glomeruli (B) Increased secretion of glucose by renal tubular cells (C) Decreased reabsorption of glucose by renal tubular cells (D) Increased conversion of glycogen into glucose in tubular cells

Last Answer : Answer : D

Renal threshold for glucose is decreased in (A) Diabetes mellitus (B) Insulinoma (C) Renal glycosuria (D) Alimentary glycosuria

Description : Renal threshold for glucose is decreased in (A) Diabetes mellitus (B) Insulinoma (C) Renal glycosuria (D) Alimentary glycosuria

Last Answer : C

In normal individuals glycosuria occurs when the venous blood glucose concentration exceeds (A) 5–6 mmol/L (B) 7–8 mmol/L (C) 8.5–9 mmol/L (D) 9.5–10 mmol/L

Description : In normal individuals glycosuria occurs when the venous blood glucose concentration exceeds (A) 5–6 mmol/L (B) 7–8 mmol/L (C) 8.5–9 mmol/L (D) 9.5–10 mmol/L

Last Answer : Answer : D

Match the items given in column I with those in column II and select the correct option given below. Column I Column II A. Glycosuria (i) Accumulation of uric acid in joints B. Gout (ii) Mass of crystallised salts within the kidney C. Renal calculi (iii) Inflammation in glomeruli D. Glomerular (iv) Presence of glucose in nephritis urine A B C D (a) (iii) (ii) (iv) (i) (b) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (c) (ii) (iii) (i) (iv) (d) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)

Description : Match the items given in column I with those in column II and select the correct option given below. Column I Column II A. Glycosuria (i) Accumulation of uric acid in joints B. Gout (ii) Mass of crystallised salts within the kidney ... (iii) (iv) (c) (ii) (iii) (i) (iv) (d) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)

Last Answer : (d) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)

An inherited or acquired renal tubular defect in the reabsorption of phosphate (Vit D resistant ricket) is characterized with (A) Normal serum Phosphate (B) High serum phosphate (C) A low blood phosphorous with elevated alkaline Phosphate (D) A high blood phosphorous with decreased alkaline phosphatase

Description : An inherited or acquired renal tubular defect in the reabsorption of phosphate (Vit D resistant ricket) is characterized with (A) Normal serum Phosphate (B) High serum phosphate (C ... blood phosphorous with elevated alkaline Phosphate (D) A high blood phosphorous with decreased alkaline phosphatase

Last Answer : Answer : C

Physiological glycosuria is met with in (A) Renal glycosuria (B) Alimentary glycosuria (C) Diabetes Mellitus (D) Alloxan diabetes

Description : Physiological glycosuria is met with in (A) Renal glycosuria (B) Alimentary glycosuria (C) Diabetes Mellitus (D) Alloxan diabetes

Last Answer : B

Which of the following condition is characterized by ketonuria but without glycosuria? (A) Diabetes mellitus (B) Diabetes insipidus (C) Prolonged starvation (D) Addison’s disease

Description : Which of the following condition is characterized by ketonuria but without glycosuria? (A) Diabetes mellitus (B) Diabetes insipidus (C) Prolonged starvation (D) Addison’s disease

Last Answer : Answer : C

Ketosis reflects (A) Increased hepatic glucose liberation (B) Increased fatty acid oxidation (C) Increased carbohydrate utilisation (D) Incresed gluconeogenesis

Description : Ketosis reflects (A) Increased hepatic glucose liberation (B) Increased fatty acid oxidation (C) Increased carbohydrate utilisation (D) Incresed gluconeogenesis

Last Answer : Answer : B

Ketosis in partly ascribed to (A) Over production and Glucose (B) Under production of Glucose (C) Increased carbohydrate utilization (D) Increased fat utilization

Description : Ketosis in partly ascribed to (A) Over production and Glucose (B) Under production of Glucose (C) Increased carbohydrate utilization (D) Increased fat utilization

Last Answer : Answer : D

Growth hormone causes hyperglycemia. It is a result of (A) Decreased peripheral utilization of glucose (B) Decreased hepatic production via gluconeogenesis (C) Increased glycolysis in muscle (D) Decrersed lipolysis

Description : Growth hormone causes hyperglycemia. It is a result of (A) Decreased peripheral utilization of glucose (B) Decreased hepatic production via gluconeogenesis (C) Increased glycolysis in muscle (D) Decrersed lipolysis

Last Answer : Answer : A

Presence of which of the following conditions in urine are indicative of diabetes mellitus? (a) Uremia and Ketonuria (b) Uremia and Renal Calculi (c) Ketonuria and Glycosuria (d) Renal calculi and Hyperglycaemia

Description : Presence of which of the following conditions in urine are indicative of diabetes mellitus? (a) Uremia and Ketonuria (b) Uremia and Renal Calculi (c) Ketonuria and Glycosuria (d) Renal calculi and Hyperglycaemia

Last Answer : (c) Ketonuria and Glycosuria

Following is a normal overnight fast and a cup of black coffee, a diabetic woman feels slightly nausious and decides to skip breakfast. However she does take her shot of insulin. This may result in (A) Heightened glycogenolysis (B) Hypoglycemia (C) Increased lipolysis (D) Glycosuria

Description : Following is a normal overnight fast and a cup of black coffee, a diabetic woman feels slightly nausious and decides to skip breakfast. However she does take her shot of insulin. This may result in (A) Heightened glycogenolysis (B) Hypoglycemia (C) Increased lipolysis (D) Glycosuria

Last Answer : Answer : B

What is normal renal threshold for glucose?

Description : What is normal renal threshold for glucose?

Last Answer : 180 mg/100 ml.

In hypophysectonized animals, fasting produces (A) Severe hyperglycemia (B) Hypoglycemia (C) No change in blood sugar (D) Mild hyper glycemia

Description : In hypophysectonized animals, fasting produces (A) Severe hyperglycemia (B) Hypoglycemia (C) No change in blood sugar (D) Mild hyper glycemia

Last Answer : Answer : B

Glycosuria is a condition where a man (a) Eats more sugar (b) Excretes sugar in urine (c) Sugar is excreted in faeces (d) Has low sugar level in blood

Description : Glycosuria is a condition where a man (a) Eats more sugar (b) Excretes sugar in urine (c) Sugar is excreted in faeces (d) Has low sugar level in blood

Last Answer : (b) Excretes sugar in urine

Metabolic acidosis is caused in (A) Uncontrolled diabetes with ketosis (B) Pneumonia (C) Intestinal Obstruction (D) Hepatic coma

Description : Metabolic acidosis is caused in (A) Uncontrolled diabetes with ketosis (B) Pneumonia (C) Intestinal Obstruction (D) Hepatic coma

Last Answer : Answer : A

Ketosis is associated with the disease: (A) Nephritis (B) Diabetes mellitus (C) Edema (D) Coronary artery diseases

Description : Ketosis is associated with the disease: (A) Nephritis (B) Diabetes mellitus (C) Edema (D) Coronary artery diseases

Last Answer : Answer : B

Ketosis is due to what processes?

Description : Ketosis is due to what processes?

Last Answer : Step 1: Absence of insulin leads to excessive hydrolysis of triacyl glycerol. Step 2: So more fatty acid is available, and more acetyl CoA is produced. Step 3: But oxidation of acetyl CoA in citric acid cycle is sluggish. The excess acetyl CoA is diverted into ketone body formation.

Under normal conditions which one is completely reabsorbed in the renal tubule? (a) Urea (b) Uric acid (c) Salts (d) Glucose

Description : Under normal conditions which one is completely reabsorbed in the renal tubule? (a) Urea (b) Uric acid (c) Salts (d) Glucose

Last Answer : d) Glucose

All the following hormones promote hyperglycemia except (A) Epinephrine (B) Norepinephrine (C) Insulin (D) Glucagon

Description : All the following hormones promote hyperglycemia except (A) Epinephrine (B) Norepinephrine (C) Insulin (D) Glucagon

Last Answer : Answer : C

Whcih one of the following is not a symptom of cushing’s disease? (A) Hyperglycemia (B) Hypernatremia (C) Hirsutism (D) Hyperkalemia

Description : Whcih one of the following is not a symptom of cushing’s disease? (A) Hyperglycemia (B) Hypernatremia (C) Hirsutism (D) Hyperkalemia

Last Answer : Answer : D

There is polyuria without glycosuria in this disorder (A) Diabetes insipidus (B) Diabetes millitus (C) Bronze diabetes (D) Juvenile diabetes

Description : There is polyuria without glycosuria in this disorder (A) Diabetes insipidus (B) Diabetes millitus (C) Bronze diabetes (D) Juvenile diabetes

Last Answer : Answer : A

Sucrose intolerance leads to (A) Hyper glycemia (B) Glycosuria (C) Diarrhoea (D) Hypoglycemia

Description : Sucrose intolerance leads to (A) Hyper glycemia (B) Glycosuria (C) Diarrhoea (D) Hypoglycemia

Last Answer : Answer : C

Insulin is required for the active uptake of glucose by most of the cells except (A) Muscle cells (B) Renal tubular cells (C) Adipocytes (D) Liver cells

Description : Insulin is required for the active uptake of glucose by most of the cells except (A) Muscle cells (B) Renal tubular cells (C) Adipocytes (D) Liver cells

Last Answer : Answer : D

Phlorizin inhibits (A) Renal tubular reabsorption of glucose (B) Glycolysis (C) Gluconeogenesis (D) Glycogenolysis

Description : Phlorizin inhibits (A) Renal tubular reabsorption of glucose (B) Glycolysis (C) Gluconeogenesis (D) Glycogenolysis

Last Answer : Answer : A

Urine specific gravity of 1.054 indicates (A) Excellent renal function (B) Inappropriate secretion of ADH (C) Extreme dehydration (D) Presence of glucose or protein

Description : Urine specific gravity of 1.054 indicates (A) Excellent renal function (B) Inappropriate secretion of ADH (C) Extreme dehydration (D) Presence of glucose or protein

Last Answer : Answer : D

Impaired galactose tolerance test suggests (A) Defect in glucose utilisation (B) Liver cell injury (C) Renal defect (D) Muscle injury

Description : Impaired galactose tolerance test suggests (A) Defect in glucose utilisation (B) Liver cell injury (C) Renal defect (D) Muscle injury

Last Answer : Answer : B

Von Gierke’s disease is characterized by the deficiency of (A) Glucose-6-phosphatase (B) α -1→ 4 Glucosidase (C) 1→ 6 Glucosidase (D) Liver phosphorylase

Description : Von Gierke’s disease is characterized by the deficiency of (A) Glucose-6-phosphatase (B) α -1→ 4 Glucosidase (C) 1→ 6 Glucosidase (D) Liver phosphorylase

Last Answer : Answer : A

What is the ketosis diet; is it safe?

Description : What is the ketosis diet; is it safe?

Last Answer : A Ketogenic diet can be perfectly safe, as long as the diet is carefully planned to ensure sufficient nutritional intake. Take a look at http://www.keto.org for further information.

Which of the following is true concerning a 68 year old male with type 2 diabetes diagnosed with type IV renal tubal acidosis? 1) Aminoaciduria would be expected. 2) Fludrocortisone treatment is effective 3) Increased Glomerular filtration rate is expected. 4) Increased urinary bicarbonate would be expected. 5) Normal renal handling of K+ and H+

Description : Which of the following is true concerning a 68 year old male with type 2 diabetes diagnosed with type IV renal tubal acidosis? 1) Aminoaciduria would be expected. 2) Fludrocortisone treatment is effective ... 4) Increased urinary bicarbonate would be expected. 5) Normal renal handling of K+ and H+

Last Answer : Answers-2 H+ secretion, sodium reabsorption and ammonia production diminishes. RTA 4 is in effect hyporeninaemic hypoaldosteronism or failure of aldosterone action and thus helped treated with ... particularly. Aminoaciduria and increased urine bicarbonate are features of RTA types 1 and 2.

What is the normal blood glucose level of a healthy person ?

Description : What is the normal blood glucose level of a healthy person ?

Last Answer : 3.5 - 5.5 mmol / l before meals and 8 mmol / l two hours after meals.

In the normal resting state of human most of the blood glucose burnt as fuel is consumed by (A) Liver (B) Brain (C) Adipose tissue (D) Muscles

Description : In the normal resting state of human most of the blood glucose burnt as fuel is consumed by (A) Liver (B) Brain (C) Adipose tissue (D) Muscles

Last Answer : Answer : B

In the normal resting state of humans, most of the blood glucose burned as fuel is consumed by (A) Liver (B) Adipose tissue (C) Muscle (D) Brain

Description : In the normal resting state of humans, most of the blood glucose burned as fuel is consumed by (A) Liver (B) Adipose tissue (C) Muscle (D) Brain

Last Answer : Answer : A

The normal resting state of humans, most of the blood glucose burnt as “fuel” is consumed by (A) Liver (B) Brain (C) Kidneys (D) Adipose tissue

Description : The normal resting state of humans, most of the blood glucose burnt as “fuel” is consumed by (A) Liver (B) Brain (C) Kidneys (D) Adipose tissue

Last Answer : B

Serum potassium level decreases in (A) Familial periodic paralysis (B) Addison’s disease (C) Renal failure (D) All of these

Description : Serum potassium level decreases in (A) Familial periodic paralysis (B) Addison’s disease (C) Renal failure (D) All of these

Last Answer : Answer : A

Serum sodium level rises in all of the following except (A) Renal failure (B) Prolonged steroid therapy (C) Aldosteronism (D) Dehydration

Description : Serum sodium level rises in all of the following except (A) Renal failure (B) Prolonged steroid therapy (C) Aldosteronism (D) Dehydration

Last Answer : Answer : A

An important finding in glycinuria is (A) Excess excretion of oxalate in the urine (B) Deficiency of enzyme glycinase (C) Significantly increased serum glycine level (D) Defect in renal tubular reabsorption of glycine

Description : An important finding in glycinuria is (A) Excess excretion of oxalate in the urine (B) Deficiency of enzyme glycinase (C) Significantly increased serum glycine level (D) Defect in renal tubular reabsorption of glycine

Last Answer : Answer : D

Which of the following statements about respiratory acidosis are true? A. Compensation occurs by a shift of chloride out of the red blood cells. B. Renal compensation occurs rapidly. C. Retention of bicarbonate and increased ammonia formation are normal compensatory mechanisms. D. Narcotic administration is an unusual cause of respiratory acidosis. E. The ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid is less than 20:1.

Description : Which of the following statements about respiratory acidosis are true? A. Compensation occurs by a shift of chloride out of the red blood cells. B. Renal compensation occurs rapidly. C. Retention of ... of respiratory acidosis. E. The ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid is less than 20:1.

Last Answer : Answer: CE DISCUSSION: Renal compensation for acute hypoventilation is relatively slow. Depression of the respiratory center by morphine can lead to respiratory acidosis. Renal retention of bicarbonate, ... into red cells combine to increase the ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid to 20:1

The following are true about renal circulation: a. it accounts for 25% of the cardiac outputb. it is regulated predominantly by the autonomic nervous system c. in a normal 70 kg man, renal blood flow is about 1200ml/min d. macula densa cells are found in the efferent arteriolar wall

Description : The following are true about renal circulation: a. it accounts for 25% of the cardiac output b. it is regulated predominantly by the autonomic nervous system c. in a normal 70 kg man, renal blood flow is about 1200ml/min d. macula densa cells are found in the efferent arteriolar wall

Last Answer : macula densa cells are found in the efferent arteriolar wall

Menke’s disease (Kinky or steel hair disease) is a X-linked disease characterized by (A) High levels of plasma copper (B) High levels of ceruloplasmin (C) Low levels of plasma copper and of ceuloplasmin (D) High level of hepatic copper

Description : Menke’s disease (Kinky or steel hair disease) is a X-linked disease characterized by (A) High levels of plasma copper (B) High levels of ceruloplasmin (C) Low levels of plasma copper and of ceuloplasmin (D) High level of hepatic copper

Last Answer : Answer : C

What else besides diabetes or hyperglycemia would make you become nauseated after eating sweets?

Description : What else besides diabetes or hyperglycemia would make you become nauseated after eating sweets?

Last Answer : If you only had simple fasting sugar blood tests, we don't really know for sure what happens when you take in a lot of sugar. Maybe your blood sugar spikes more an usual, or your insulin levels ... . I sometimes get pain in my stomach after a lot of sugar, my stomach feels irritated and inflammed.

Is there any way to change hypoglycemia to hyperglycemia?

Description : Is there any way to change hypoglycemia to hyperglycemia?

Last Answer : Wouldn’t that just be diabetes?

Hormone which inhibit cellular uptake and unilisation of amino acid as well as does hyperglycemia through gluconeogenesis is

Description : Hormone which inhibit cellular uptake and unilisation of amino acid as well as does hyperglycemia through gluconeogenesis is

Last Answer : Hormone which inhibit cellular uptake and unilisation of amino acid as well as does hyperglycemia through gluconeogenesis is

Which of the following statements about hypertension in diabetes patients is/are correct? A. Hypertension worsens the macrovascular disease of diabetes patients. B. Hypertension accelerates the progression of diabetic nephropathy. C. Hypertension is associated with sodium retention in diabetes patients. D. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors should be used in all patients with chronic hyperglycemia, regardless of the presence of hypertension. E. Diuretics, as single-drug therapy, are not indicated in the treatment of hypertension in diabetes patients.

Description : Which of the following statements about hypertension in diabetes patients is/are correct? A. Hypertension worsens the macrovascular disease of diabetes patients. B. Hypertension accelerates the ... single-drug therapy, are not indicated in the treatment of hypertension in diabetes patients.

Last Answer : Answer: ABCDE DISCUSSION: All of the answers listed are correct. By damaging endothelial cells, hypertension worsens macrovascular disease in all patients but especially in diabetics. Hypertension ... is not indicated because the chronic state of dehydration in such patients may become worse

Which of the following statements regarding hypercalcemia are true? A. The symptoms of hypercalcemia may mimic some symptoms of hyperglycemia. B. Metastatic breast cancer is an unusual cause of hypercalcemia. C. Calcitonin is a satisfactory long-term therapy for hypercalcemia. D. Severely hypercalcemic patients exhibit the signs of extracellular fluid volume deficit. E. Urinary calcium excretion may be increased by vigorous volume repletion.

Description : Which of the following statements regarding hypercalcemia are true? A. The symptoms of hypercalcemia may mimic some symptoms of hyperglycemia. B. Metastatic breast cancer is an unusual cause of ... fluid volume deficit. E. Urinary calcium excretion may be increased by vigorous volume repletion.

Last Answer : Answer: ADE DISCUSSION: Markedly elevated serum calcium levels produce polydipsia, polyuria, and thirst. Vigorous volume repletion and saline diuresis correct the extracellular fluid volume ... , from bony metastasis. The calcitonin effect on calcium is diminished with repeat administrations

True statements concerning hypoadrenal shock include which of the following? A. Adrenocortical insufficiency may manifest itself as severe shock refractory to volume and pressor therapy. B. The presence of hyperglycemia and hypotension may suggest the diagnosis of shock due to adrenocortical insufficiency. C. Hydrocortisone does not interfere with the serum cortisol assay and should be given to hemodynamically unstable patients suspected of having hypoadrenal shock. D. The rapid adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test should be performed to help establish the diagnosis of acute adrenocortical insufficiency.

Description : True statements concerning hypoadrenal shock include which of the following? A. Adrenocortical insufficiency may manifest itself as severe shock refractory to volume and pressor therapy. B. ... test should be performed to help establish the diagnosis of acute adrenocortical insufficiency.

Last Answer : Answer: AD DISCUSSION: Shock due to acute adrenocortical insufficiency is relatively uncommon but must be considered when shock refractory to volume replacement and pressor therapy is present. ... and it is the corticosteroid of choice while the ACTH stimulation test is being performed

Reserprine, an alkaloid derived from the root of Rauwolfia serpentina (a) Can be used to control hyperglycemia (b) Can cause severe depression of mood (c) Can decrease gastrointestinal secretion and motility (d) Has no cardiac effects (e) A spare receptor agonist

Description : Reserprine, an alkaloid derived from the root of Rauwolfia serpentina (a) Can be used to control hyperglycemia (b) Can cause severe depression of mood (c) Can decrease gastrointestinal secretion and motility (d) Has no cardiac effects (e) A spare receptor agonist

Last Answer : Ans: B

Differentiate between the following. a) Hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia b) Epidemic and endemic c) Herbivores and carnivores d) Photosynthesis and respiration e) Pollination and fertilization

Description : Differentiate between the following. a) Hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia b) Epidemic and endemic c) Herbivores and carnivores d) Photosynthesis and respiration e) Pollination and fertilization

Last Answer : a) Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia: Hypoglycemia:the medical condition of having an unusually low level of sugar in the blood Hyperglycemia: the medical condition of having an unusually high level of sugar in ... reproduce sexually-that is, when a male and a female are needed to produce an offspring.