Description : A 55-year-old male undergoes a total abdominal colectomy. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the hormonal response to the surgical procedure? a. Adrenocorticotropic ... in serum insulin and a fall in glucagon accelerate hepatic glucose production and maintain gluconeogenesis
Last Answer : Answer: a, c One of the earliest consequence of a surgical procedure is the rise in levels of circulating cortisol that occur in response to a sudden outpouring of ACTH ... hepatic glucose production, and, with other hormones (epinephrine and glucocorticoids), gluconeogenesis is maintained
Description : Glucocorticoids increase all of the following except (A) Gluconeogenesis (B) Lipolysis in extremities (C) Synthesis of elcosanoida (D) Hepatic glycogenesis
Last Answer : Answer : C
Description : Insulin stimulates (A) Hepatic glycogenolysis (B) Hepatic glycogenesis (C) Lipolysis (D) Gluconeogenesis
Last Answer : Answer : B
Description : Most major metabolic pathways are considered mainly either anabolic or catabolic. Which of the following pathway is most correctly considered to be amphibolic? (A) Citric acid cycle (B) Gluconeogenesis (C) Lipolysis (D) Glycolysis
Last Answer : Answer : A
Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning metabolic derangements in sepsis and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome which may follow progressive shock? a. Alterations in glucose ... The serum aromatic amino acids fall rapidly as they are actively used in oxidative metabolism
Last Answer : Answer: b, c A broad spectrum of metabolic abnormalities become apparent in sepsis and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome following shock. Disruption of the normal cycles of carbohydrate, ... acetyl coenzyme A. This results in reduced serum level of leucine, isoleucine and valine
Description : Adrenaline raises blood glucose level by the following actions except (a) Inducing hepatic glycogenolysis (b) Inhibiting insulin secretion from pancreatic ß cells (c) Augmenting glucagons secretion from pancreatic a cells (d) Inhibiting peripheral glucose utilization
Last Answer : Ans: D
Description : Adrenaline raises blood glucose level by the following actions except: A. Inducing hepatic glycogenolysis B. Inhibiting insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells C. Augmenting glucagon secretion from pancreatic α cells D. Inhibiting peripheral glucose utilization
Last Answer : D. Inhibiting peripheral glucose utilization
Description : Ketosis reflects (A) Increased hepatic glucose liberation (B) Increased fatty acid oxidation (C) Increased carbohydrate utilisation (D) Incresed gluconeogenesis
Description : Glucagon (A) Increases protein synthesis (B) Inhibits lipolysis in adipocytes (C) Increases gluconeogenesis in liver (D) Stimulates muscle glycogenolysis
Description : Epinephrine causes in muscle: (A) Gluconeogenesis (B) Glycogenesis (C) Glycolysis (D) Glycogenolysis
Last Answer : Answer : D
Description : Insulin increases (A) Glycogenesis (B) Gluconeogenesis (C) Lipolysis (D) Blood glucose
Description : 16.3 Actions of growth hormone include the following except: A. Increased protein synthesis B. Increased fat utilization C. Increased carbohydrate utilization D. Glucose intolerance
Last Answer : C. Increased carbohydrate utilization
Description : Increased serum alanine during fasting is due to (A) Breakdown of muscle proteins (B) Decreased utilization of non essential amino acids (C) Leakage of aminoacids to plasma (D) Impaired renal function
Description : Hormone which inhibit cellular uptake and unilisation of amino acid as well as does hyperglycemia through gluconeogenesis is
Last Answer : Hormone which inhibit cellular uptake and unilisation of amino acid as well as does hyperglycemia through gluconeogenesis is
Description : Which of the following regulates lipolysis in adipocytes? (A) Activation of fatty acid synthesis mediated by CAMP (B) Glycerol phosphorylation to prevent futile esterification of fatty acids (C) ... result of hormone stimulated increases in CAMP levels (D) Activation of CAMP production by Insulin
Description : Which one of the following statements is incorrect? (A) Insulin increases glucose phosphorylation (B) Insulin increases glycolysis (C) Insulin augments HMP shunt (D) Insulin promotes gluconeogenesis
Description : Phlorizin inhibits (A) Renal tubular reabsorption of glucose (B) Glycolysis (C) Gluconeogenesis (D) Glycogenolysis
Description : Synthesis of Glucose from amino acids is termed as (A) Glycolysis (B) Gluconeogenesis (C) Glycogenesis (D) Lipogenesis
Last Answer : B
Description : The conversion of alanine to glucose is termed (A) Glycolysis (B) Oxidative decarboxylation (C) Specific dynamic action (D) Gluconeogenesis
Last Answer : D
Description : Which of the following metabolic effects may be observed in patients with sepsis? a. Increased gluconeogenesis b. Accelerated proteolysis c. Increased lipolysis d. Impaired gut metabolism of glutamine
Last Answer : Answer: a, b, c, d A number of metabolic responses to sepsis have been defined. Glucose production is increased in infected patients which appears to be additive to the ... metabolism of lipids from peripheral fat stores is especially prominent during a period of inadequate nutritional support
Description : Ketosis in partly ascribed to (A) Over production and Glucose (B) Under production of Glucose (C) Increased carbohydrate utilization (D) Increased fat utilization
Description : Epinephrine increases all of the following except (A) Glycogenolysis in muscles (B) Lipolysis in adipose tissue (C) Gluconeogenesis in muscles (D) Glucagon secretion
Description : Epinephrine decreases (A) Glycogenesis (B) Glycogenolysis (C) Gluconeogenesis (D) Lipolysis
Description : In ad ipose t issue prostag land ins decrease (A) Lipogenesis (B) Lipolysis (C) Gluconeogenesis (D) Glycogenolysis
Description : True statements about aldosterone include: a. secretion is mainly under the control of adrenocorticotrophic (ACTH) hormone secretion b. increases hepatic gluconeogenesis c. its secretion is stimulated by angiotensin d. in the kidney, mainly acts on the proximal convoluted tubules
Last Answer : its secretion is stimulated by angiotensin
Description : Typical results of beta-receptor activation include which one of the following? (a) Hypoglycemia (b) Lipolysis (c) Glycogen synthesis (d) Decreased skeletal muscle tremor (e) Decreased rennin secretion
Last Answer : Ans: B
Description : The following metabolic abnormalities occur in Diabetes mellitus except (A) Increased plasma FFA (B) Increased pyruvate carboxylase activate (C) Decreased lipogenesis (D) Decreased gluconeogenesis
Description : Following is a normal overnight fast and a cup of black coffee, a diabetic woman feels slightly nausious and decides to skip breakfast. However she does take her shot of insulin. This may result in (A) Heightened glycogenolysis (B) Hypoglycemia (C) Increased lipolysis (D) Glycosuria
Description : The process of breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver and pyruvate and lacate in the muscle is known as (A) Glyogenesis (B) Glycogenolysis (C) Gluconeogenesis (D) Cellular degradation
Description : Which of the following statements is correct? (A) Thyroxine inhibits utilization of glucose (B) Insulin increases utilization of glucose (C) Glucagon promotes muscle glycogenolysis (D) Insulin inhibits lipogenesis from carbohydrates
Description : Select the correct statement. (a) Glucocorticoids stimulate gluconeogenesis. (b) Glucagon is associated with hypoglycemia. (c) Insulin acts on pancreatic cells and adipocytes. (d) Insulin is associated with hyperglycemia
Last Answer : (a) Glucocorticoids stimulate gluconeogenesis.
Description : Decreased secretion of growth hormone during childhood causes (A) Simmond’s disease (B) Cushing’s disease (C) Dwarfism (D) Cretinism
Description : In extra hepatic tissues, one mechanism for utilization of acetoacetate involves (A) Malonyl-CoA (B) Succinyl-CoA (C) Propionyl-CoA (D) Acetyl-CoA
Description : A 65-year old patient has colon carcinoma metastatic to the liver and lungs. He has had a weight loss of 10 kg. Cytokine-dependent tumor cachexia is attributable to which of the ... is impaired e. Partial reversal of differentiated adipocytes to pre-adipocyte morphology and gene expression occurs
Last Answer : Answer: a, b, c, d, e Tumor cachexia appears to be mediated by TNFa. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as well as other cytokines, activate a variety of inflammatory cells, most ... chronic syndromes of anorexia, weight loss, and cachexia that are associated with both chronic infection and malignancy
Description : NADP is required as a coenzyme in (A) Glycolysis (B) Citric acid cycle (C) HMP shunt (D) Gluconeogenesis
Description : An amphibolic pathway among the following is (A) HMP shunt (B) Glycolysis (C) Citirc acid cycle (D) Gluconeogenesis
Last Answer : C
Description : Which of the following will result from blockade of H2 receptors? (a) Decreased camp in cardiac muscle (b) Increased camp in cardiac muscle (c) Decreased IP3 in gastric mucosa (d) Increased IP3 in gastric mucosa (e) Increased IP3 in smooth muscle
Last Answer : Ans: A
Description : Renal glycosuria is characterized by (A) Hyperglycemia (B) Hyperglycemia with glycosuria (C) Normal blood glucose level with glycosuria (D) Hyperglycemia with ketosis
Description : The hormonal alterations that follow operation and injury favor accelerated gluconeogenesis. This new glucose is consumed by which of the following tissues? A. Central nervous system. B. Skeletal muscle. C. Bone. D. Kidney. E. Tissue in the healing wound.
Last Answer : Answer: ADE DISCUSSION: Glucose is produced in increased amounts to satisfy the fuel requirements of the healing wound. In addition, nerve tissue and the renal medulla also utilize this substrate. Skeletal muscle primarily utilizes fatty acids, and bone utilizes mineral substrate
Description : Name a peptide hormone which acts mainly on hepatocytes, adipocytes and enhances cellular glucose uptake and utilization :
Last Answer : Name a peptide hormone which acts mainly on hepatocytes, adipocytes and enhances cellular glucose uptake ... B. Gastrin C. Insulin D. Glucagon
Description : A modified amino acid solution with increased equimolar branched-chain amino acids and decreased aromatic amino acids has been proposed for patients with hepatic insufficiency. Which of the following ... D. In some studies of surgical patients, improvements in mortality have been reported.
Last Answer : Answer: D DISCUSSION: The use of modified amino acid solutions is based on the false neurotransmitter hypothesis of the cause of hepatic coma. According to this hypothesis, the imbalance ... in a group of patients with cirrhosis, decreasing morbidity and showing a trend toward decreased mortality
Description : Which of the following statement(s) concerning intravenous nutritional support is/are true? a. Concentrations of glucose no higher than 5% should be used to avoid peripheral vein sclerosis ... suitable site d. Venous thrombosis is an uncommon complication for long-term central vein catheterization
Last Answer : Answer: b Although peripheral access can be used for intravenous nutrition, the major disadvantage of this technique is limited caloric delivery to meet catabolic demands within tolerated fluid ... studies that use phlebography or radionucleotide venography indicate the incidence is as high as 35%
Description : Gluconeogenesis is decreased by (A) Glucagon (B) Epinephrine (C) Glucocorticoids (D) Insulin
Description : Action of insulin on lipid metabolism is (A) It increases lipolysis and increases triglyceride synthesis (B) It decreases lipolysis and increases triglyceride synthesis (C) It decreases ... and decreases triglyceride synthesis (D) It increases synthesis of triglyceride and increased ketogenesis
Description : Down regulation is (A) Increased destruction of a hormone (B) Feed back inhibition of hormone secretion (C) Decreased concentration of a hormone in blood (D) Decrease in number of receptors for a hormone
Description : The symptoms of allergen-mediated asthma result from which of the following? (a) Increased release of mediators from mast cells (b) Increased adrenergic responsiveness of the airways (c) ... bronchial tissue (d) Decreased calcium influx into the mast cell (e) Decreased prostaglandin production
Description : The Symptoms of allergen-mediated asthma result from which of the following? (a) Increased release of mediators from mast cells (b) Increased adrenergic responsiveness of the airways (c) ... bronchial tissue (d) Decreased calcium influx into the mast cells (e) Decreased prostaglandin production
Description : Compared to the resting state, vigorously contracting muscle shows (A) An increased conversion of pyruvate to lactate (B) Decreased oxidation of pyruvate of CO2 and water (C) A decreased NADH/NAD+ ratio (D) Decreased concentration of AMP CARBOHYDRATES AND CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM 21
Last Answer : A
Description : Reverse of Glycolysis is _________________. a. Glycogenolysis. b. Citric Acid Cycle. c. Gluconeogenesis. d. Uronic Acid Pathway
Last Answer : c. Gluconeogenesis.