Description : True statements concerning hypoadrenal shock include which of the following? A. Adrenocortical insufficiency may manifest itself as severe shock refractory to volume and pressor therapy. B. ... test should be performed to help establish the diagnosis of acute adrenocortical insufficiency.
Last Answer : Answer: AD DISCUSSION: Shock due to acute adrenocortical insufficiency is relatively uncommon but must be considered when shock refractory to volume replacement and pressor therapy is present. ... and it is the corticosteroid of choice while the ACTH stimulation test is being performed
Description : A patient who recently had a calculus removed from the kidney presented with radiolucent area in the left maxilla with clinical evidence of swelling. The disease that you would immediately suggest ... A. Diabetes B. Thyrotoxicosis C. Hyperparathyroidism D. Osteoporosis E. Adrenal insufficiency
Last Answer : C. Hyperparathyroidism
Description : The product of serum calcium concentration (mg/dl) and serum inorganic phosphorous concentration (mg/dl) is decreased in (A) Rickets (B) Hypoparathyroidism (C) Hyperparathyroidism (D) Renal failure
Last Answer : Answer : A
Description : Tetany can occur (A) In primary hyperparathyroidism (B) In secondary hyperparathyroidism (C) In idiopathic hypoparathyroidism (D) After accidental removal of parathyroid glands
Last Answer : Answer : D
Description : A 53-year-old man presented with hypertension of 150/110 mmHg. He is generally asymptomatic and has no previous medical history of note. He is a smoker of 5 cigarettes daily and drinks ... Adrenocortical adenoma 2) Bartter's syndrome 3) Liddle's syndrome 4) Liquorice ingestion 5) Pheochromocytoma
Last Answer : Answers-1 This patient is most likely to have Conn's syndrome as reflected by the hypokalaemic hypertension. Liquorice ingestion or Liddle's syndrome are again possible causes of ... hypertension (often diastolic hypertension), muscular weakness, paresthesias, headache, polyuria, and polydipsia."
Description : After operative removal of the parathyroid glands resulting into hypoparathyroidism the concentration of the serum calcium may drop below (A) 11 mg (B) 10 mg (C) 9 mg (D) 7 mg
Description : Serum inorganic phosphorous rises in all the following conditions except (A) Hypoparathyroidism (B) Hypervitaminosis D (C) Chronic renal failure (D) After a carbohydrate-rich meal MINERAL METABOLISM 197
Description : Levels of serum calcium and inorganic phosphorus are increased in (A) Hypervitaminosis D (B) Hypoparathyroidism (C) Hypovitaminosis D (D) None of these
Description : Serum cholesterol is decreased in (A) Endemic goitre (B) Thyrotoxicosis (C) Myxoedema (D) Cretinism
Last Answer : B
Description : A high serum potassium, accompanied by a high intracellular potassium occurs in (A) Adrenal insufficiency (B) Any illness (C) Gastrointestinal losses (D) Cushing’s syndrome
Description : The characteristic of hyperparathyroidism is (A) Low serum calcium (B) High serum phosphorous (C) Low serum calcium and high serum phosphorous (D) High serum calcium and low serum phosphate
Description : Serum inorganic phosphorous decreases in all the following conditions except (A) Hyperparathyroidism (B) Intestinal malabsorption (C) Osteomalacia (D) Chronic renal failure
Description : Serum a lka l ine phosphatase leve l increases in (A) Hypothyroidism (B) Carcinoma of prostate (C) Hyperparathyroidism (D) Myocardial ischemia
Last Answer : Answer : C
Description : A 55 year-old female complaining of vague tiredness is found to have a serum corrected calcium concentration of 2.9 mmol/l. Examination was unremarkable. Which of the following results ... 4) Low normal plasma phosphate concentration 5) Low normal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration
Last Answer : Answers-3 Bit too easy really. A high or even normal PTH concentration in the presence of hypercalcaemia would support the diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism. A high urinary Calcium concentration may ... but neither confirm the diagnosis. Elevated 1,25 VitD suggests a diagnosis of hypervitaminosis D.
Description : Serum biochemistry of a 60 year old man revealed calcium of 1.98 mmol/l and phosphate of 0.55 mmol/l with an alkaline phosphatase of 450 IU/l.Which among the following mosts suits ... biochemistry? 1) Osteoporosis 2) Osteomalacia 3) Pagets Disease 4) Secondary Hyperparathyroidism 5) Renal failure
Last Answer : Answers-2 Osteomalacia is associated with low calcium and phosphate with raised alkaline phosphatase. Serum biochemistry is normal in osteoporosis. Pagets disease is associated with normal ... renal failure when tertiary hyperparathyroidism sets in there is low calcium with raised phosphate.
Description : Primary hyperparathyroidism may occur in association with the following conditions 1) Chronic renal failure 2) Vitamin D deficiency 3) Gastrinoma 4) Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome 5) Sjogren's syndrome
Last Answer : Answers-3 The association of primary hyperparathyroidism and a gastrinoma would suggest a diagnosis of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. CRF causes secondary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism, with vit D deficiency causing secondary hyperparathyroidism. Ther is no association with Sjogren's.
Description : A 19 year-old female is referred following a visit to the dentist where marked erosion of her teeth was noted. She was entirely asymptomatic and her only medication was the oral contraceptive pill ... ) Bulimia nervosa 2) Conn's syndrome 3) Laxative abuse 4) Pregnancy 5) Primary hypoparathyroidism
Last Answer : Answers-5 This patient has tooth erosion associated with hypokalaemic metabolic alkalosis and hypocalcaemia. This suggests a diagnosis of hypoparathyroidism. Conn's is unlikely in this age group, is ... raised alkaline phosphatase would not be expected. Early pregnancy would not fit this picture.
Description : Mental retardation can occur in (A) Cretinism (B) Juvenile myxoedema (C) Myxoedema (D) Juvenile thyrotoxicosis
Description : Hypocalcaemia can occur in all the following except (A) Rickets (B) Osteomalacia (C) Hyperparathyroidism (D) Intestinal malabsorption
Description : Hypercalcaemia can occur in all the following except (A) Hyperparathyroidism (B) Hypervitaminosis D (C) Milk alkali syndrome (D) Nephrotic syndrome
Description : An increase in carbohydrate metabolism is accompanied by temporary decrease in serum: (A) Calcium (B) Phosphate (C) Iron (D) Sodium
Last Answer : Answer : B
Description : The complement system consists of a series of serum proteins that exist in a quiescent or very low-level state of activation in the uninfected host. Which of the following ... certain complement components serve as chemoattractants to additional cellular components of the host defense mechanism
Last Answer : Answer: a, c, d Complement activation can occur through either classic or alternate (properdin) pathways, both of which eventuate in deposition of terminal complement pathway components on the ... and release of lysosomal enzymes that can directly damage certain target tissues, such as the lung
Description : Osteomalacia may be expected in 1) Sarcoidosis 2) Auto-immune adrenalitis 3) Pseudo-hypoparathyroidism 4) Pernicious anaemia 5) Mercury poisoning
Last Answer : Answers-5 Osteomalacia may occur with vitamin D deficiency. Mercury poisoning or any heavy metal poisoning causes an acquired Fanconi syndrome with distal renal tubular acidosis.
Description : Hypermagnesemia may be observed in (A) Hyperparathyroidism (B) Diabetes mellitus (C) Kwashiorkar (D) Primary aldosteronism
Description : A 15-year-old girl was seen by her family physician because of increasing lethargy. She had a recent history of the "flu". Biochemistry tests show that she has renal impairement. ... will likely develop a restrictive lung disease 5) She will probably improve with additional corticosteroid therapy
Last Answer : Answers-2 The findings point to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), which leads to chronic renal failure in half of cases. The lack of resolution with corticosteroid therapy and the progression to chronic renal failure is what sets FSGS apart from minimal change disease.
Description : Brown skin pigmentation does not occur in: A. Hyperparathyroidism B. Von Willebrand’s disease C. Addison’s desease
Last Answer : B. Von Willebrand’s disease
Description : In hypoparathyroidism (A) Plasma calcium and inorganic phosphorous are low (B) Plasma calcium and inorganic phosphorous are high (C) Plasma calcium is low and inorganic phosphorous high (D) Plasma calcium is high and inorganic phosphorous low
Description : BMR is increased in (A) Endemic goitre (B) Thyrotoxicosis (C) Myxoedema (D) Cretinism
Description : Excessive secretion of ACTH causes (A) Cushing’s syndrome (B) Addison’s disease (C) Myxoedema (D) Thyrotoxicosis
Description : Hypocholesterolemia is found in (A) Thyrotoxicosis (B) Diabetes mellitus (C) Obstructive jaundice (D) Nephrotic syndrome
Description : Hypercholesterolemia is found in (A) Xanthomatosis (B) Thyrotoxicosis (C) Hemolytic jaundice (D) Malabsorption syndrom
Description : Two conditions in which gluconeogenesis is increased are (A) Diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis (B) Fed condition and thyrotoxicosis (C) Diabetes mellitus and Starvation (D) Alcohol intake and cigarette smoking
Last Answer : C
Description : Glucose tolerance is increased in (A) Diabetes mellitus (B) Adrenalectomy (C) Acromegaly (D) Thyrotoxicosis
Description : Low uptake of 123I on the thyroid uptake scan would be an expected finding in: 1) A solitary toxic nodule 2) A multi-nodular toxic goitre 3) Amiodarone induced thyrotoxicosis type 1 4) DeQuervain's thyroiditis 5) Graves' thyrotoxicosis
Last Answer : Answers-4 DeQuervain's thyroiditis is classically associated with low or absent 123I (the 131 radioactive isotope of iodine) uptake. The others will have high or normal uptake. In particular type ... may be distinguished from the thyroiditis of type 2 by the normal or high uptake scan.
Description : In hyperparathyroidism there is (A) Hypocalcemia (B) Hypophophatemia (C) Hypokalemia (D) Hyperkalemia
Description : A decrease in the ionized fraction of serum calcium causes (A) Tetany (B) Rickets (C) Osteomalacia (D) Osteoporosis
Description : Hypolipidemic drugs reduce serum cholesterol and triacylglycerol. The effect of clofibrate is attributed to (A) Block in absorption from G.I.T. (B) Decrease in secretion of triacylglycerol and cholesterol ... by liver (C) Block in the reabsorption of bile acids (D) Decreased synthesis of cholesterol
Description : Diets having a high ratio of polyunsaturated: saturated fatty acids can cause (A) Increase in serum triglycerides (B) Decrease in serum cholesterol (C) Decrease in serum HDL (D) Skin lesions
Description : A number of changes in trace mineral metabolism are noted during sepsis. Which of the following change(s) may be observed in a septic or trauma patient? a. Plasma iron levels are noted to ... are noted to decrease c. Plasma serum zinc levels may decrease d. Administration of iron is appropriate
Last Answer : Answer: a, c Changes in the balance of magnesium, inorganic phosphate, zinc, and potassium generally follow alterations in nitrogen balance. Although the iron-binding capacity of transferrin ... concentrations can be ascribed almost entirely to the levels of the ceruloplasmin produced by the liver
Description : Serum sodium level rises in all of the following except (A) Renal failure (B) Prolonged steroid therapy (C) Aldosteronism (D) Dehydration
Description : Normal range of serum sodium is (A) 30–70 mEq/L (B) 70–110 mEq/L (C) 117–135 mEq/L (D) 136–145 mEq/L
Description : A 75 year old man presents with a long history of shortness of breath and ankle oedema. His serum biochemistry shows sodium 122 mmols/l and potassium of 2.9 mmols/l. He now complains of ... ? 1) Addison's Disease 2) Nephrotic syndrome 3) Primary hyperaldosteronism 4) SIADH 5) Diuretic therapy
Last Answer : Answers-5 The long history of his symptoms and serum biochemistry suggests that his condition is due to treatment with frusemide for CCF.
Description : Cardiac arrest may occur due to over doses of (A) Sodium (B) Potassium (C) Zinc (D) Magnesium
Description : Which of the following conditions is an indication for the use of calcitonin? (a) Chronic renal failure (b) Hypoparathyroidism (c) Intestinal osteodystrophy (d) Pager’s disease (e) Rickets
Last Answer : Ans: D
Description : The drug of choice for hypoparathyroidism is: A. Parathormone B. Calcium lactate C. Vitamin D D. Pamidronate
Last Answer : C. Vitamin D
Description : Digoxin given for cardiac failure is extremely valuable in patients of (a) Thyrotoxicosis (b) Beriberi (c) Cor pulmonale (d) Atrial fibrillation
Description : A 54-year-old woman with severe hypercholesterolemia is to be treated with a combination of niacin and atorvastatin. With this drug combination, it is important that the patient be monitored closely for signs of (a) Agranulocytosis (b) Gallstones (c) Lactic acidosis (d) Myopathy (e) Thyrotoxicosis
Description : Toxic agents present in food which interfere with thyroxine synthesis lead to the development of (a) toxic goitre (b) cretinism (c) simple goitre (d) thyrotoxicosis
Last Answer : (c) simple goitre
Description : A 20 yr. old female patient presents with pain in thyroid region of the neck since few days. She gives recent history of mumps. On palpation thyroid is tender and her thyroid function ... 1) de Quervain's thyroiditis 2) Silent thyroiditis 3) Primary thyrotoxicosis 4) Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Last Answer : Correct Answer: 1) de Quervain’s thyroiditis
Description : Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, the sex linked, recessive absence of HGPRTase, may lead to (A) Compulsive self destructive behaviour with elevated levels of urate in serum (B) Hypouricemia due to liver damage (C) Failure to thrive and megaloblastic anemia (D) Protein intolerance and hepatic encephalopathy