Anion gap is the difference in the plasma concentrations of (A) (Chloride) – (Bicarbonate) (B) (Sodium) – (Chloride) (C) (Sodium + Potassium) – (Chloride + Bicarbonate) (D) (Sum of cations) – (Sum of anions)

Anion gap is the difference in the plasma concentrations of (A) (Chloride) – (Bicarbonate) (B) (Sodium) – (Chloride) (C) (Sodium + Potassium) – (Chloride + Bicarbonate) (D) (Sum of cations) – (Sum of anions)
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Anion gap in plasma is because (A) Of differential distribution of ions across cell membranes (B) Cations outnumber anions in plasma (C) Anions outnumber cations in plasma (D) Of unmeasured anions in plasma

Description : Anion gap in plasma is because (A) Of differential distribution of ions across cell membranes (B) Cations outnumber anions in plasma (C) Anions outnumber cations in plasma (D) Of unmeasured anions in plasma

Last Answer : Answer : B

All the following statements about renal tubular acidosis are correct except (A) Renal tubules may be unable to reabsorb bicarbonate (B) Renal tubules may be unable to secrete hydrogen ions (C) Plasma chloride is elevated (D) Anion gap is decreased

Description : All the following statements about renal tubular acidosis are correct except (A) Renal tubules may be unable to reabsorb bicarbonate (B) Renal tubules may be unable to secrete hydrogen ions (C) Plasma chloride is elevated (D) Anion gap is decreased

Last Answer : Answer : D

Anion gap of plasma can be due to the presence of all the following except (A) Bicarbonate (B) Lactate (C) Pyruvate (D) Citrate

Description : Anion gap of plasma can be due to the presence of all the following except (A) Bicarbonate (B) Lactate (C) Pyruvate (D) Citrate

Last Answer : Answer : A

Which of the following electrolytes is a major cation in body fluid? a) Potassium Potassium is a major cation that affects cardiac muscle functioning. b) Chloride Chloride is an anion. c) Bicarbonate Bicarbonate is an anion. d) Phosphate Phosphate is an anion.

Description : Which of the following electrolytes is a major cation in body fluid? a) Potassium Potassium is a major cation that affects cardiac muscle functioning. b) Chloride Chloride is an anion. c) Bicarbonate Bicarbonate is an anion. d) Phosphate Phosphate is an anion.

Last Answer : a) Potassium Potassium is a major cation that affects cardiac muscle functioning.

All the following features are found in blood chemistry in uncompensated lactic acidosis except (A) pH is decreased (B) Bicarbonate is decreased (C) pCO2 is normal (D) Anion gap is normal

Description : All the following features are found in blood chemistry in uncompensated lactic acidosis except (A) pH is decreased (B) Bicarbonate is decreased (C) pCO2 is normal (D) Anion gap is normal

Last Answer : Answer : D

A 45-year-old solicitor had an onset of severe, crushing, substernal chest pain while attending a football match. He collapsed on his way to the car. Bystander Cardiorespiratory Resuscitation was begun immediately and continued until arrival in Casualty where an endotracheal tube was inserted and ventilation was maintained on 100% oxygen. Investigations revealed: pH 7.13 PaO2 560 mmHg PaCO2 18 mmHg Bicarbonate 5.8 SaO2 98% Based on these laboratory values, which of the following statements best describes his current pathophysiology? 1) He is demonstrating a primary respiratory alkalosis 2) He probably developed a large right to left intracardiac shunt 3) His anion gap is probably normal 4) His oxyhemoglobin curve is shifted to the left 5) His pulmonary artery pressure is probably elevated

Description : A 45-year-old solicitor had an onset of severe, crushing, substernal chest pain while attending a football match. He collapsed on his way to the car. Bystander Cardiorespiratory Resuscitation ... His oxyhemoglobin curve is shifted to the left 5) His pulmonary artery pressure is probably elevated

Last Answer : Answers-5 This young patient with severe central chest pain has probably arrested due to myocardial infarction and arrhythmia. His gases reveal high PO2 following 100% O2 but severe acidosis ... no left to right shunting and high pulmonary pressures would be expected after this arrest scenario.

Mineralocorticoids increase the tubular secretion of (A) Sodium (B) Potassium (C) Chloride (D) Bicarbonate

Description : Mineralocorticoids increase the tubular secretion of (A) Sodium (B) Potassium (C) Chloride (D) Bicarbonate

Last Answer : Answer : B

Concentration of the following is higher in intracellular fluid than in extracellular fluid: (A) Sodium (B) Potassium (C) Chloride (D) Bicarbonate

Description : Concentration of the following is higher in intracellular fluid than in extracellular fluid: (A) Sodium (B) Potassium (C) Chloride (D) Bicarbonate

Last Answer : Answer : B

The ion which activates salivary amylase activity is (A) Chloride (B) Bicarbonate (C) Sodium (D) Potassium

Description : The ion which activates salivary amylase activity is (A) Chloride (B) Bicarbonate (C) Sodium (D) Potassium

Last Answer : Answer : A

Which of the following electrolytes is a major anion in body fluid? a) Chloride Chloride is a major anion found in extracellular fluid. b) Potassium Potassium is a cation. c) Sodium Sodium is a cation. d) Calcium Calcium is a cation.

Description : Which of the following electrolytes is a major anion in body fluid? a) Chloride Chloride is a major anion found in extracellular fluid. b) Potassium Potassium is a cation. c) Sodium Sodium is a cation. d) Calcium Calcium is a cation.

Last Answer : a) Chloride Chloride is a major anion found in extracellular fluid.

Normal anion gap in plasma is about (A) 5 meq/L (B) 15 meq/L (C) 25 meq/L (D) 40 meq/L

Description : Normal anion gap in plasma is about (A) 5 meq/L (B) 15 meq/L (C) 25 meq/L (D) 40 meq/L

Last Answer : Answer : B

The presence of which of the following salts in water causes corrosion in steam boilers? (1) Sodium Chloride (2) Magnesium Chloride (3) Calcium bicarbonate (4) Potassium bicarbonate

Description : The presence of which of the following salts in water causes corrosion in steam boilers? (1) Sodium Chloride (2) Magnesium Chloride (3) Calcium bicarbonate (4) Potassium bicarbonate

Last Answer : (2) Magnesium Chloride Explanation: Magnesium chloride is the name for the chemical compound with the formula MgCl2 and its various hydrates MgCl2(H2O)x. These salts are typical ionic halides, being highly soluble in water.

component of the management of moderately severe diabetic ketoacidosis: A. Insulin B. Intravenous fluids C. Potassium chloride D. Sodium bicarbonate

Description : component of the management of moderately severe diabetic ketoacidosis: A. Insulin B. Intravenous fluids C. Potassium chloride D. Sodium bicarbonate

Last Answer : D. Sodium bicarbonate

Which of the following measures is not an essential component of the management of moderately severe diabetic ketoacidosis: A. Insulin B. Intravenous fluids C. Potassium chloride D. Sodium bicarbonate

Description : Which of the following measures is not an essential component of the management of moderately severe diabetic ketoacidosis: A. Insulin B. Intravenous fluids C. Potassium chloride D. Sodium bicarbonate

Last Answer : . Sodium bicarbonate

Which of the following statements about extracellular fluid are true? A. The total extracellular fluid volume represents 40% of the body weight. B. The plasma volume constitutes one fourth of the total extracellular fluid volume. C. Potassium is the principal cation in extracellular fluid. D. The protein content of the plasma produces a lower concentration of cations than in the interstitial fluid. E. The interstitial fluid equilibrates slowly with the other body compartments.

Description : Which of the following statements about extracellular fluid are true? A. The total extracellular fluid volume represents 40% of the body weight. B. The plasma volume constitutes one fourth ... the interstitial fluid. E. The interstitial fluid equilibrates slowly with the other body compartments.

Last Answer : Answer: B DISCUSSION: The total extracellular fluid volume represents 20% of body weight. The plasma volume is approximately 5% of body weight. Sodium is the principal cation. The ... fluid and cerebrospinal fluid, the majority of the interstitial fluid exists as a rapidly equilibrating component

A compound composed of cations and anions is called a?

Description : A compound composed of cations and anions is called a?

Last Answer : covalent compound

During electrolysis, the cations and anions of the electrolyte are 1. Discharged 2. Hydrolysed 3. In motion 4. Hydrated The correct answers are: (a) 1 and 3 (b) 2 and 4 (c) 3 and 4 (d) 1 and 2

Description : During electrolysis, the cations and anions of the electrolyte are 1. Discharged 2. Hydrolysed 3. In motion 4. Hydrated The correct answers are: (a) 1 and 3 (b) 2 and 4 (c) 3 and 4 (d) 1 and 2

Last Answer : Ans:(a)

Atoms having the same number of protons but different number of neutrons are called : (1) Isotopes (2) Cations (3) Higgs-boson (4) Anions .

Description : Atoms having the same number of protons but different number of neutrons are called : (1) Isotopes (2) Cations (3) Higgs-boson (4) Anions .

Last Answer : (1) Isotopes Explanation: Atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes. For example, carbon-12, carbon13 and carbon-14 are three isotopes of the element ... has 6 protons, so that the neutron numbers of these isotopes are 6, 7 and 8 respectively.

Ionic compounds containing cations (+ve ion) and anions (-ve ion) are?

Description : Ionic compounds containing cations (+ve ion) and anions (-ve ion) are?

Last Answer : Salt

Explain why cations are smaller and anions are larger in size than their parent atom.

Description : Explain why cations are smaller and anions are larger in size than their parent atom.

Last Answer : Ans.The ionic radius of cation is always smaller than the parent atom because the loss of one or more electrons increases the effective nuclear charge. As a result, the force of attraction of ... the force of attraction of the nucleus for the electrons decreases and hence the ionic radii increases.

Negatively charged ions are called a. anions b. cations c. both d. none of them

Description : Negatively charged ions are called a. anions b. cations c. both d. none of them

Last Answer : anions

Positively charged ions are called a. anions b. cations c. both d. none of them

Description : Positively charged ions are called a. anions b. cations c. both d. none of them

Last Answer : cations

Active and passive transports across cell membrane differ in (a) passive transport is nonselective(b) passive transport is along the concentration gradient while active transport is due to metabolic energy (c) active transport is more rapid (d) passive transport is confined to anions while active transport is confined to cations.

Description : Active and passive transports across cell membrane differ in (a) passive transport is nonselective (b) passive transport is along the concentration gradient while active transport is due to metabolic ... (d) passive transport is confined to anions while active transport is confined to cations.

Last Answer : (b) passive transport is along the concentration gradient while active transport is due to metabolic energy

Atoms having the same number of protons but different number of neutrons are called : (1) Isotopes (2) Cations (3) Higgs-boson (4) Anions

Description : Atoms having the same number of protons but different number of neutrons are called : (1) Isotopes (2) Cations (3) Higgs-boson (4) Anions

Last Answer : Isotopes

Recurrent vomiting leads to loss of (A) Potassium (B) Chloride (C) Bicarbonate (D) All of these

Description : Recurrent vomiting leads to loss of (A) Potassium (B) Chloride (C) Bicarbonate (D) All of these

Last Answer : Answer : B

The primary event in respiratory alkalosis is (A) Rise in pH (B) Decrease in pCO2 (C) Increase in plasma bicarbonate (D) Decrease in plasma chloride

Description : The primary event in respiratory alkalosis is (A) Rise in pH (B) Decrease in pCO2 (C) Increase in plasma bicarbonate (D) Decrease in plasma chloride

Last Answer : Answer : B

Chloride shift is (A) H ions leaving the RBC in exchange of Cl- (B) Cl– leaving the RBC in exchange of bicarbonate (C) Bicarbonate ion returns to plasma and exchanged with chloride which shifts into the cell (D) Carbonic acid to the plasma

Description : Chloride shift is (A) H ions leaving the RBC in exchange of Cl- (B) Cl– leaving the RBC in exchange of bicarbonate (C) Bicarbonate ion returns to plasma and exchanged with chloride which shifts into the cell (D) Carbonic acid to the plasma

Last Answer : Answer : C

A 19 year-old female is referred following a visit to the dentist where marked erosion of her teeth was noted. She was entirely asymptomatic and her only medication was the oral contraceptive pill. On examination her blood pressure was 110/70 mmHg and her body mass index was 21.5 kg/m2 (18 - 25). Investigations sodium 135 mmol/l potassium 2.1 mmol/l bicarbonate 42 mmol/l urea 2.6 mol/L corrected calcium 2.08 mmol/ alkaline phosphatase 201 iu/l (50-110) What is the most likely diagnosis? 1) Bulimia nervosa 2) Conn's syndrome 3) Laxative abuse 4) Pregnancy 5) Primary hypoparathyroidism

Description : A 19 year-old female is referred following a visit to the dentist where marked erosion of her teeth was noted. She was entirely asymptomatic and her only medication was the oral contraceptive pill ... ) Bulimia nervosa 2) Conn's syndrome 3) Laxative abuse 4) Pregnancy 5) Primary hypoparathyroidism

Last Answer : Answers-5 This patient has tooth erosion associated with hypokalaemic metabolic alkalosis and hypocalcaemia. This suggests a diagnosis of hypoparathyroidism. Conn's is unlikely in this age group, is ... raised alkaline phosphatase would not be expected. Early pregnancy would not fit this picture.

A certain hypohalite on treating with hot and conc. NaOH forms anions P and Q. More stable anion among P and Q can be obtained by neutralizing Its con

Description : A certain hypohalite on treating with hot and conc. NaOH forms anions P and Q. More stable anion among P and Q can be obtained by neutralizing Its con

Last Answer : A certain hypohalite on treating with hot and conc. NaOH forms anions P and Q. More stable ... produces a gas which Is used in fire extinguisher.

Important buffer system of extracellular fluid is (A) Bicarbonate/carbonic acid (B) Disodium hydrogen phosphate/sodium dihydrogen phosphate (C) Plasma proteins (D) Organic Phosphate

Description : Important buffer system of extracellular fluid is (A) Bicarbonate/carbonic acid (B) Disodium hydrogen phosphate/sodium dihydrogen phosphate (C) Plasma proteins (D) Organic Phosphate

Last Answer : Answer : A

Salicylate poisoning can cause (A) Respiratory acidosis (B) Metabolic acidosis with normal anion gap (C) Metabolic acidosis with increased anion gap (D) Metabolic alkalosis

Description : Salicylate poisoning can cause (A) Respiratory acidosis (B) Metabolic acidosis with normal anion gap (C) Metabolic acidosis with increased anion gap (D) Metabolic alkalosis

Last Answer : Answer : C

Anion gap is increased in (A) Renal tubular acidosis (B) Metabolic acidosis resulting from diarrhoea (C) Metabolic acidosis resulting from intestinal obstruction (D) Diabetic ketoacidosis

Description : Anion gap is increased in (A) Renal tubular acidosis (B) Metabolic acidosis resulting from diarrhoea (C) Metabolic acidosis resulting from intestinal obstruction (D) Diabetic ketoacidosis

Last Answer : Answer : B

Anion gap is normal in (A) Hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis (B) Diabetic ketoacidosis (C) Lactic acidosis (D) Uraemic acidosis

Description : Anion gap is normal in (A) Hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis (B) Diabetic ketoacidosis (C) Lactic acidosis (D) Uraemic acidosis

Last Answer : Answer : A

Number of moles of CaO required to remove hardness from 1000 litre water having 324 ppm of calcuim bicarbonate and 74.5 ppm of potassium chloride is :

Description : Number of moles of CaO required to remove hardness from 1000 litre water having 324 ppm of calcuim bicarbonate and 74.5 ppm of potassium chloride is :

Last Answer : Number of moles of CaO required to remove hardness from 1000 litre water having 324 ppm of calcuim bicarbonate and 74.5 ppm ... : A. 8 B. 4 C. 3 D. 2

Solvay process is not used for the manufacture of potassium carbonate, because of the reason that potassium bicarbonate (A) Is prone to thermal decomposition (B) Has high water solubility and is unstable (C) Is soluble in ammonium chloride and potassium chloride solution (D) All (A), (B) and (C)

Description : Solvay process is not used for the manufacture of potassium carbonate, because of the reason that potassium bicarbonate (A) Is prone to thermal decomposition (B) Has high water solubility and is unstable (C) Is soluble in ammonium chloride and potassium chloride solution (D) All (A), (B) and (C)

Last Answer : (C) Is soluble in ammonium chloride and potassium chloride solution

. Chemical name of soda ash is (A) Sodium bicarbonate (B) Sodium thiosulphate (C) Potassium carbonate (D) None of these

Description : . Chemical name of soda ash is (A) Sodium bicarbonate (B) Sodium thiosulphate (C) Potassium carbonate (D) None of these

Last Answer : (D) None of these

Baking soda is : (1) Potassium carbonate (2) Sodium hydroxide (3) Sodium carbonate (4) Sodium bicarbonate

Description : Baking soda is : (1) Potassium carbonate (2) Sodium hydroxide (3) Sodium carbonate (4) Sodium bicarbonate

Last Answer : Sodium bicarbonate

Dry powder fire extinguishers contain (1) sand (2) sand and sodium carbonate (3) sand and potassium carbonate (4) sand and sodium bicarbonate

Description : Dry powder fire extinguishers contain (1) sand (2) sand and sodium carbonate (3) sand and potassium carbonate (4) sand and sodium bicarbonate

Last Answer : sand and sodium bicarbonate

In Addison’s disease, there is excessive retention of (A) Potassium (B) Sodium (C) Chloride (D) Water

Description : In Addison’s disease, there is excessive retention of (A) Potassium (B) Sodium (C) Chloride (D) Water

Last Answer : Answer : A

Mineralocorticoids increase the tubular reabsorption of (A) Sodium and calcium (B) Sodium and potassium (C) Sodium and chloride (D) Potassium and chloride 224 MCQs IN BIOCHEMISTRY

Description : Mineralocorticoids increase the tubular reabsorption of (A) Sodium and calcium (B) Sodium and potassium (C) Sodium and chloride (D) Potassium and chloride 224 MCQs IN BIOCHEMISTRY

Last Answer : Answer : C

Mineralcorticoids regulate the metabolism of all of the following except (A) Sodium (B) Potassium (C) Calcium (D) Chloride

Description : Mineralcorticoids regulate the metabolism of all of the following except (A) Sodium (B) Potassium (C) Calcium (D) Chloride

Last Answer : Answer : C

The most important effect of aldosterone is to (A) Increase the rate of tubular reabsorption of sodium (B) Decrease the rate of tubular reabsorption of potassium (C) Decrease the reabsorption of chloride (D) Decrease the renal reabsorption of sodium

Description : The most important effect of aldosterone is to (A) Increase the rate of tubular reabsorption of sodium (B) Decrease the rate of tubular reabsorption of potassium (C) Decrease the reabsorption of chloride (D) Decrease the renal reabsorption of sodium

Last Answer : Answer : A

Can you mix sodium bicarbonate and magnesium chloride?

Description : Can you mix sodium bicarbonate and magnesium chloride?

Last Answer : Yes, it is possible.

In patients receiving massive blood transfusion for acute blood loss, which of the following is/are correct? A. Packed red blood cells and crystalloid solution should be infused to restore oxygen-carrying capacity and intravascular volume. B. Two units of FFP should be given with every 5 units of packed red blood cells in most cases. C. A “six pack” of platelets should be administered with every 10 units of packed red blood cells in most cases. D. One to two ampules of sodium bicarbonate should be administered with every 5 units of packed red blood cells to avoid acidosis. E. One ampule of calcium chloride should be administered with every 5 units of packed red blood cells to avoid hypocalcemia.

Description : In patients receiving massive blood transfusion for acute blood loss, which of the following is/are correct? A. Packed red blood cells and crystalloid solution should be infused to restore oxygen ... should be administered with every 5 units of packed red blood cells to avoid hypocalcemia.

Last Answer : Answer: A DISCUSSION: Patients who are suffering from acute blood loss require crystalloid resuscitation as the initial maneuver to restore intravascular volume and re-establish vital signs. If 2 to 3 liters ... when the infusion of blood proceeds at a rate exceeding 1 to 2 units every 5 minutes

Chemical name of common salt is – (1) Sodium Chloride (2) Sodium Bicarbonate (3) Sodium (4) Sodium Oxide

Description : Chemical name of common salt is – (1) Sodium Chloride (2) Sodium Bicarbonate (3) Sodium (4) Sodium Oxide

Last Answer : (1) Sodium Chloride Explanation: Sodium chloride, also known as salt, common salt, table salt or halite, is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing equal proportions of sodium and chlorine. In the form of table salt, it is commonly used as a condiment and food preservative.

The chemical name of baking soda is - (1) Sodium carbonate (2) Sodium bicarbonate (3) Sodium chloride (4) Sodium nitrate

Description : The chemical name of baking soda is - (1) Sodium carbonate (2) Sodium bicarbonate (3) Sodium chloride (4) Sodium nitrate

Last Answer : (2) Sodium bicarbonate Explanation: Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is also known as baking soda. It is a chemical leavening agent which is added to baked goods before cooking to produce carbon dioxide and cause them to 'rise'.

Kidney stones are mainly formed by which of the following compound - (1) Sodium chloride (2) Silicates (3) Calcium bicarbonate (4) Calcium oxalate

Description : Kidney stones are mainly formed by which of the following compound - (1) Sodium chloride (2) Silicates (3) Calcium bicarbonate (4) Calcium oxalate

Last Answer : (4) Calcium oxalate Explanation: Kidney stones form when your urine contains more crystal-forming substances — such as calcium, oxalate and uric acid — than the fluid in your urine can dilute.

Which of the following is responsible for permanent hardness of water? (1) magnesium bicarbonate (2) sodium chloride (3) calcium sulphate (4) calcium bicarbonate

Description : Which of the following is responsible for permanent hardness of water? (1) magnesium bicarbonate (2) sodium chloride (3) calcium sulphate (4) calcium bicarbonate

Last Answer : (3) calcium sulphate Explanation: Permanent hardness is caused by dissolved calcium sulfate (which is not removed by boiling). Hard water contains dissolved magnesium and calcium ions. These make ... . Temporary hardness is caused by dissolved calcium hydrogen carbonate (which is removed by boiling)

Brine is an a) aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide b) aqueous solution of sodium carbonate c) aqueous solution of sodium chloride d) aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate

Description : Brine is an a) aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide b) aqueous solution of sodium carbonate c) aqueous solution of sodium chloride d) aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate

Last Answer : c) aqueous solution of sodium chloride

Chemical name of Grignard reagent is (A) Sodium thiosulphate (B) Ethyl magnesium chloride (C) Sodium sulphite (D) Sodium bicarbonate

Description : Chemical name of Grignard reagent is (A) Sodium thiosulphate (B) Ethyl magnesium chloride (C) Sodium sulphite (D) Sodium bicarbonate

Last Answer : (B) Ethyl magnesium chloride