People who have a summer cottage or live in country houses very often face problems with water supply or the need to pump liquid. At present, it is quite possible to resolve such issues on our own. One has only to buy a powerful household pump in the store and the need to use garden watering cans automatically disappears. But choosing a suitable pump from the abundance that is currently on the market is quite difficult.
What should you pay attention to when choosing?
It should be borne in mind that each type of pump is designed for specific purposes. In addition, it should be borne in mind that the process of pumping liquid will occur under certain conditions. Thus, before purchasing this device, you should make yourself some kind of idea about it, understand its main characteristics.
All pumps can be roughly divided into two categories: surface and submersible (submersible)
Submersible pumps
This category includes pumps that require immersion in water. In this case, the intake takes place under the condition of direct contact between the liquid and the hydraulic part of the body. These pumps are made of anti-corrosion and stainless materials, with the use of waterproof sealants.
Among the submersible, the following groups of pumps can be distinguished:
Submersible water pumps
Submersible water pumpsThey are designed for pumping water from reservoirs, large containers, cellars, wells, etc. and have a cylindrical shape of relatively large diameter. Thanks to this design, a high pump performance is achieved with low energy consumption.
When purchasing it, it should be remembered that such equipment must not be installed at the bottom of a tank or well. Their price is relatively low, but such pumps will suit you only if you plan to use them to take water from a well, the depth of which is more than ten meters. And also if working with them does not require regular movement of the pump, unrolling and folding of the hose and power cable.
Submersible water pumps do not consume a lot of energy and do not make a lot of noise during operation.
Subsurface pumps
This type of pump is intended mainly for pumping water from deep wells. Outwardly, they look like a cylinder with a small radius. Such a device allows the pump to submerge freely even in such a well, which has a relatively small diameter. The head created by these powerful pumps is quite large, this contributes to the rapid rise of water from very great depths.
Main technical characteristics of submersible pumps:
Productivity (the amount of pumped water per unit of time). You need to know that this is a calculated value that decreases with increasing depth of the water source. Pay attention to such a factor as the head, it shows the height to which the pump is able to raise water. If you do not take this parameter into account, then the pump you purchased may not be able to raise water from the depth that your well has.
Dimensions. This is a very important indicator when you have a rather narrow well. In terms of its diameter, the overall dimensions of the pump should be less than the diameter of the well itself, at least ten millimeters.
Drainage pumps
Designed for pumping water from flooded cellars, basements, etc. By their design, they are fundamentally different from submersible pumps. Such equipment is installed, as a rule, on the bottom of the tank or on the floor of the room where water is pumped out. The pressure that such a pump can create is small, because the main purpose of its work is to quickly drain the tanks. The depth at which it is advisable to use such pumps usually does not exceed seven meters. When choosing these pumps, you should mainly pay attention to their performance. The price of this device also depends on this parameter.
Fecal Pumps
Their scope is the cleaning of cesspools and sewerage pits in areas where there is no centralized sewerage system. These pumps, thanks to their enlarged inlets, are capable of pumping highly contaminated water and even viscous liquids.
Structurally - submersible pumps are of two modifications: centrifugal and vibration.
Centrifugal pumps are more efficient in terms of their characteristics and have a longer resource. Their disadvantages include their large size, high price and significant energy costs.
Surface pumps
Surface pumps are pumps that operate above the surface of the pumped liquid. In this case, the intake is carried out through a branch pipe lowered into it. These pumps are not designed to raise water from great depths, but recently, developments are underway that will save them from this disadvantage.
Surface pumps can be divided into two groups: pressure and circulation pumps .
Pressure pumps
Used in domestic water supply. With their help, watering of flower beds, vegetable gardens, plots is carried out. An automatic pumping station, for example, includes a surface pump. It is capable of pumping liquid over long distances.
When choosing such devices, one should take into account their main characteristics:
performance;
an indicator of the maximum pressure that this pump can create in the system;
the depth from which he is able to raise water.
Circulation pumps
They are used in order to ensure the process of fluid circulation. An example is autonomous heating based on forced circulation. The circulation of hot water in such a heating system is carried out thanks to the use of a pump of this type.
When choosing these pumps, you need to pay attention to their following data:
by the size of the diameter of the pipes of the system in which the liquid will circulate;
on the characteristics of the circulating fluid (what substance is used in the system, maximum temperature, etc.);
on the pump performance and pressure characteristic (these data will be required to calculate the time required for the complete passage of the liquid through the system, for example, in heating).