Explain the working of Half wave rectifier with suitable diagram

1 Answer

Answer :

image

The half-wave rectifier circuit using a semiconductor diode (D) with a load resistance RL but no smoothing filter is given in the figure. The diode is connected in series with the secondary of the transformer and the load resistance RL. The primary of the transformer is being connected to the ac supply mains.

The ac voltage across the secondary winding changes polarities after every half cycle of the input wave. During the positive half-cycles of the input ac voltage i.e. when the upper end of the secondary winding is positive w.r.t. its lower end, the diode is forward biased and therefore conducts current. If the forward resistance of the diode is assumed to be zero (in practice, however, a small resistance exists) the input voltage during the positive half-cycles is directly applied to the load resistance RL, making its upper-end positive w.r.t. its lower end. The waveforms of the output current and output voltage are of the same shape as that of the input ac voltage.

During the negative half cycles of the input ac voltage i.e. when the lower end of the secondary winding is positive w.r.t. its upper end, the diode is reverse biased and so does not conduct. Thus during the negative half cycles of the input ac voltage, the current through and the voltage across the load remains zero. The reverse current, being very small in magnitude, is neglected. Thus for the negative half cycles, no power is delivered to the load.

Thus the output voltage (VL) developed across load resistance RL is a series of positive half cycles of alternating voltage, with intervening very small constant negative voltage levels, It is obvious from the figure that the output is not a steady dc, but only a pulsating dc wave. To make the output wave smooth and useful in a DC power supply, we have to use a filter across the load. Since only half-cycles of the input wave are used, it is called a half wave rectifier. 

Related questions

Description : Draw the circuit diagram and describe the working principle of full wave bridge rectifier. Draw its waveforms. 

Last Answer : During the first half cycle : During the first half cycle of the input voltage, the upper end of the transformer secondary winding is positive with respect to the lower end. Thus during the first ... , terminal D, diode D4, and terminal A back to transformer and output will positive half cycle.

Description : Describe the operation of transistor as a switch with suitable diagram.

Last Answer : In Bipolar Transistor as a Switch the biasing of the transistor, either NPN or PNP is arranged to operate the transistor at both sides of the I-V characteristics curves. The areas of operation for a transistor ... . OR Open switch Table indicating transistor as switch

Description : Explain with neat diagram how transistor can be used as a switch.

Last Answer : In Bipolar Transistor as a Switch the biasing of the transistor, either NPN or PNP is arranged to operate the transistor at both sides of the I-V characteristics curves. The areas ... possible and maximum current flowing through the transistor. Therefore the transistor is switched Fully-ON .

Description : Explain with circuit diagram operation of zener diode as a voltage regulator.

Last Answer : The function of a regulator is to provide a constant output voltage to a load connected in parallel with it in spite of the ripples in the supply voltage or the variation in the load ... V0 = VZ is obtained across RL, whenever the input voltage remains within a minimum and maximum voltage.

Description : (i) Draw the time domain and frequency domain representation of sine wave and triangular wave. (ii) Define frequency and wavelength.

Last Answer : (i)Time domain and frequency domain representation of sine wave time domain and frequency domain representation of triangular wave.   ii) Define frequency and wavelength. Frequency ... : Wavelength can be defined as the distance between two successive crests troughs of a wave. 

Description : Draw the diagram of transistor operating regions

Last Answer : diagram of transistor operating regions

Description : Draw the construction of BJT (NPN) and explain its working principle. State and explain different operating regions.

Last Answer : Construction of BJT (NPN): Working of NPN Transistor : The circuit diagram of the NPN transistor is shown in the figure below. The forward biased is applied across the emitter-base ... Zero with input current is Zero transistor in cut off. In this region transistor act as open switch

Description : Describe the construction and working principle of single phase AC motor.

Last Answer : construction and working principle of single phase AC motor : Single phase induction motors have a phase distributed winding on the stator and a squirrel cage short-circuited winding on the rotor. ... is the basic working principle of induction motor of either type, single phase of 3 phase.

Description : Describe the construction and working principle of auto transformer.

Last Answer : An auto transformer has single winding which is used as primary and secondary winding. This winding is wound on laminated enameled magnetic core.   OR   As shown in fig. 1 the input is ... this construction we can step up the voltage. So this transformer known as step up autotransformer.  

Description : Explain Zener diode as voltage regulator. 

Last Answer : Zener Diodes can be used to produce a stabilised voltage output with low ripple under varying load current conditions. By passing a small current through the diode from a voltage source, via a ... across the load in spite of variations in the input voltage or changes in the load current. 

Description : Explain the construction details of LED

Last Answer : The construction of LED differs from normal standard diode in many aspects. As shown in the figure the p-n junction of the LED bulb is enclosed by a transparent, hard plastic epoxy resin hemispherical- ... that much light. Due to this, the brightest light will be emitted at the top of the LED.

Description : Describe working of A.C. voltmeter using half wave rectifier with neat circuit diagram. 

Last Answer : AC Voltmeter using Half Wave Rectifier : The a.c. voltmeter using half wave rectifier is achieved by introducing a diode in a basic d.c. voltmeter. This is shown in the Fig. 1. The diode D ... can be obtained for a.c. voltmeter as, Where Idc is the full scale deflection current..

Description : (i) Discuss ideal and practical voltage source (ii) Compare CB, CC and CE configuration

Last Answer : (i) Discuss ideal and practical voltage source Ideal voltage source The ideal voltage source has a constant voltage across its terminal, irrespective of the current drawn from the source. Ideal Voltage Source have zero ... to reduce. (ii) Compare CB, CC and CE configuration

Description : Define filter. State its types. Draw any one filter with input and output waveform.

Last Answer : Defination : Filter is a circuit which remove or filtered out the AC component (ripple) Types of filter 1. Shunt Capacitor filter (C filter) 2. Series Inductor filter (L filter) 3. LC filter 4. filter (CLC filter) Shunt Capacitor filter (C filter) OR Waveforms:

Description : Compare between active and passive components.

Last Answer : active component passive component  It is a device which amplify by producing an output signal with more power in it than that of input signal It is a device which ... bidirectional function semiconductor materials are used Non-semiconductor or semiconductor material is used

Description : Define the following with respect to BJT. (i) Input resistance (ii) Output resistance

Last Answer : Input resistance: It is the ratio of small change in emitter -to-base voltage(∆VEB) to the resulting change in emitter current (∆IE) for a constant collector to base voltage(VCB) ... of BJT is ratio of voltage between output terminal and common terminal to current through output terminal. 

Description : Define α. Give the relationship between α and β.

Last Answer : Alpha (α )– It is ratio of collector current IC to emitter current IE of a transistor.

Description : State the need for filter circuits in power supply.

Last Answer : Ripple must be kept away from the load and it should be removed from the rectified output. Therefore , there is a necessity of filter circuit for removing i.e. smoothing or filtering the ripple and allowing the (pure or steady) d.c. voltage to reach the load.

Description : Define active components. Give two examples. 

Last Answer : The component which requires power supply for its operation is called as Active component. e.g. Diode, Transistor, ICs, SCRs. OR Active Component: The component which rely on source of ... is called active component example diode , transistor, FET, and so on. They are semiconductor component

Description : State the different types of transformers. Describe the construction and general principle of transformer.

Last Answer : Different types of transformer are core type shell type Berry type Construction of transformer: OR Shell Type construction can be consider for diagram Transformer ... is based on the principle of mutual induction between two circuits linked by a common magnetic field. 

Description : Describe the operation of inductor with sinusoidal AC voltage as input. Draw waveform for voltage across and current through the inductor. Draw its phasor representation.

Last Answer : An alternating voltage is applied to a purely inductive coil, a back e.m.f. is produced due to self-inductance of the coil. The back e.m.f. at every step, opposes the rise of fall of current through the coil ... drop, the applied voltage has to overcome this self induced e.m.f. only.

Description : Draw and describe power triangle. State its significance.

Last Answer :  Power Triangle:   OR   Power Triangle is a right angled triangle whose sides represent the active, reactive and apparent power. It is obtained by multiplying the circuit current I ... loss due to different load. This is very important for designing the energy efficient electrical system. 

Description : Define- (i) Current (ii) Potential difference

Last Answer : i) Current :- electric current is defined as the movement of electronics or flow of electronics inside the conducting material. Unit-ampere(A)  ii) Potential Difference: The difference between the ... the electrical circuit is known as potential difference between those points. Unit:- volt (V) 

Description : Write the Emf equation of transformer. State the meaning of each term in it. 

Last Answer : EMF equation of Transformer:- E1 = 4.44 f ØmN1 OR E1 = 4.44 f BmAN1 E2 = 4.44 f ØmN2 OR E2 = 4.44 f Bm AN2 Let, E1 = Primary emf E2 = Secondary emf N1= Number of turns in the primary N2 ... flux in core (wb) Bm= Flux density (wb/m2 /Tesla) A= Area of cross section of core m2 F = Frequency 

Description : State applications of single phase AC motors. 

Last Answer : Water pumps ceiling fan & air conditioners. lathe machine washing machines. Blowers Mixers & grinders Compressors Conveyers Refrigerators.

Description : Define RMS value and Average value of AC waveform.

Last Answer : 1. RMS value:- For an alternating current, the RMS value is defined as that value of steady current (DC) which produces the same heat or power as is produced by the alternating current during the ... by averaging all the instantaneous values of its wave over a period of half cycle. Iav=0.637 Imax

Description : Define self induced Emf. Write equation of self induced Emf. 

Last Answer : Definition: Self-induced emf is the e.m.f induced in the coil due to the change of flux produced by linking it with its own turns. Or Self induced emf is that which is induced in a coil, due to the change in its own current or flux. Self induced emf equation. E = - N (dΦ/dt) volts

Description : State Lenz’s law.

Last Answer : Lenz’s Law: It states that the direction of electromagnetically induced emf is such that it always opposes the main cause of its production. Or It is expressed by equation E = - N (dΦ/dt) volts Where – sign indicate the direction EMF is induced opposite to rate of change of flux. 

Description : Explain the operation of a full wave bridge rectifier with π filter using a neat diagram. Draw input and output waveforms.

Last Answer : During positive half-cycle of input, the secondary voltage VAB is positive, so diodes D1 and D2 forward biased and D3 and D4 reverse biased. The load current flows from terminal A ... smooth DC voltage appears across the load. The input and output waveforms are shown in the figure.

Description : Explain Center-tapped full wave rectifier with the help of circuit diagram and draw input output waveforms. 

Last Answer : Operation : During positive half cycle of an AC supply, D1 will forward biased and current starts flowing through load. The output voltage is equal to +Vs. During negative half cycle of an AC ... output voltage is equal to +Vs. In this pulsating DC waveform will be obtained at the load. 

Description : Explain full wave bridged rectifier with the help of circuit diagram and input output waveform.

Last Answer : 1. In positive half cycle (0 to Π): The end A of the secondary winding becomes positive and end B negative. This makes diode D1 and D4 forward biased while diode D2 and D3 are reverse biased. These two diodes will ... D2 and D3 when it is conducting is as follows.  B - D2 - RL - D3 - A 

Description : Draw the circuit diagram of shunt capacitor filter along with full wave rectifier. Draw the waveform of full wave rectifier output and shunt capacitor filter output.

Last Answer : Fig: Shunt capacitor filter along with full wave rectifier Fig: Waveform of full wave rectifier output and shunt capacitor filter output.

Description : Draw circuit diagram and waveforms for centre-tap full wave rectifier.

Last Answer : Circuit Diagram:    

Description : Define rectifier. Draw circuit diagram and input-output waveforms of bridge type full wave rectifier 

Last Answer : Rectifier - This circuit convert AC signal into DC.

Description : Explain with neat sketch, the working of full wave rectifier voltmeter.

Last Answer : Full Wave Rectifier Type Voltmeter: Working of full wave rectifier type A. C. Voltmeter Referring to the circuit diagram, for rectification, a full wave bridge circuit (ABCD) is used. Input ... current passing through meter is given as, which causes full scale deflection of the meter.

Description : What effect does an open diode have on the output voltage of a half wave rectifier and on a full wave rectifier?

Last Answer : An open diode will result in no output from a half waverectifier, and an open diode will cut the output of a full waverectifier in half.

Description : The illustrated device is a _______. EL-0064 A. full wave bridge rectifier B. half wave bridge rectifier C. solid state voltage regulator D. direct current (DC) filter

Last Answer : Answer: A

Description : The correct term for the illustrated circuit is a ________. EL-0063 A. single phase half wave high power rectifier B. three phase half wave rectifier C. three phase full wave rectifier D. a single phase full wave rectifier

Last Answer : Answer: C

Description : One diode of a full-wave rectifier has burned out in a shorted condition. Therefore, the output will be ____________. A. zero B. a rectified half-wave C. a rectified full-wave D. equal to the AC input

Last Answer : Answer: D

Description : A full-wave rectifier has one diode burned out in an open condition, what will be the output characteristic of the device? A. Zero B. Half-wave rectified C. Full-wave rectified D. Equal to the AC input

Last Answer : Answer: B

Description : In the illustrated circuit, section II is considered to be a _______. EL-0085 A. full wave rectifier B. half wave rectifier C. quarter wave rectifier D. short wave rectifier

Last Answer : Answer: A

Description : Which of the following expresses the relationship of the input and output frequencies in a full wave rectifier? A. The output frequency is the same as input frequency. B. The output frequency is ... frequency is twice the input frequency. D. The output frequency is four times the input frequency.

Last Answer : Answer: C

Description : The most common source of excitation for synchronous motors is a/an ______________. A. stepup transformer B. half-wave rectifier C. DC supply D. AC supply

Last Answer : Answer: C

Description : Difference between half wave and full wave rectifier?

Last Answer : A10: The efficiency of half wave rectifier is not so good as that of full wave rectifier Because only one half of the input waveform reaches the output, it is very inefficient if used for ... reduced in the full-wave rectifier and being reduced further with the increase in the number of phases.

Description : Half wave rectifier?

Last Answer : In a half wave rectifier only one half cycle of ac voltage is taken.Here only one diode is used. During the positive half cycle of ac voltage the diode conducts. So current flows through load. During ... with a single diode in a one-phase supply, or with three diodes in a three-phase supply.

Description : If a half-wave rectifier is added to a half-wave voltage doubler, the resulting circuit is a voltage ___

Last Answer : Trippler.

Description : Is a full-wave rectifier output easier to filter than that of a half-wave rectifier?

Last Answer : Yes.

Description : If the output of a half-wave rectifier is 50-volts peak, what is the average voltage

Last Answer : 15.9 volts.

Description : What is the output of a half-wave rectifier?

Last Answer : A pulsating dc voltage.

Description : Is a full-wave rectifier output easier to filter than that of a half-wave rectifier?

Last Answer : Yes.