During positive half-cycle of input, the secondary voltage VAB is positive, so diodes D1 and D2 forward biased and D3 and D4 reverse biased.
The load current flows from terminal A through D1, L, RL, D2 to terminal B. The load voltage and load current are positive.
During negative half-cycle of input, the secondary voltage VAB becomes negative, i.e.VBA is positive. So diodes D3 and D4 forward biased and D1 and D2 reverse biased.
The load current flows from terminal B through D3, L, RL, D4 to terminal A. The load voltage and load current are once again positive.
The output of bridge rectifier is full wave rectified pulsating DC. The ripples in the current are reduced by filter inductor and the ripples in voltage are reduced by filter capacitors.
Thus the pulsating DC is smoothened by filter and smooth DC voltage appears across the load. The input and output waveforms are shown in the figure.
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