Heat Transfer Experiments

1 Answer

Answer :

Heat transfer experiments are basically experiments that deal with temperature, its characteristics and qualities. Heat transfer experiments are done for many purposes, but mainly to do investigations on the nature of cooling and heating.

Heat transfers are all about the change that thermal energy goes through as it moves from a hot state to a colder one. This scenario happens in many situations, but there are three main mechanisms wherein thermal energy goes through changes and is transported.

Conduction – Thermal conduction or heat conduction is spontaneous thermal energy transfer. This is done via matter that moves from a higher temperature region to a lower temperature region. This is done in order to reach equal temperature between two different temperatures.

Convection – Convection is one of the most general terms used when referring to the currents’ movements inside fluids. Fluids refer to gases, rheids and liquids. Convection is used generally in heat transfer as well as mass transfer. When it comes to fluids, mass transfer and convective heat take place via the the process of diffusion and also by advection. When it comes to convection in mass and heat transfer, convection is all about the sum of diffusive transfer and advective transfer.

Radiation – Radiation is basically electromagnetic waves which transport energy directly through space. Sunlight is the best example of radiation. It radiates towards our planet through space without the help of solids and fluids. The energy basically travels through empty space. Nothing – no solids nor fluids – is responsible for its being able to bring heat to the Earth, which means it does not undergo conduction nor convection.

There are many scientific experiments that center around conduction, convection and radiation. Many school science subjects already teach the basic concepts of conduction, convection and radiation. When the basic concepts of these three are learned, it helps to have a better understanding of heat transfers as well.

Related questions

Description : Heat Transfer Software

Last Answer : The process of heat transfer is used in many industries - the scientific industry, engineering industry and every industry you can possibly think of that uses thermal heat. Because of this, there is a need ... group, so you won't have to go through the hassle of copying information down for others.

Description : Heat Transfer Machines

Last Answer : Heat transfer machines are just the thing you need in order to do heat transfers on your clothing or whatever surface you want to decorate. In order for you to stick designs and precious stones on porous and ... is best. This will also give you an idea of what kind of designs you can choose from.

Description : Calculate the rate of heat transfer by radiation from an unlagged steam pipe, 50 mm o.d. at 393K to air at 293K emissivity e = 0.9.

Last Answer : Rate of heat transfer by radiation Assume length of pipe = 1 m

Description : Give the unit of overall heat transfer coefficient in SI and MKS.

Last Answer : Unit of overall heat transfer coefficient 1. In SI : W/m2K 2. In MKS : kcal/hr m2K

Description : Define film heat transfer coefficient.

Last Answer : Film heat transfer coefficient: Film heat transfer coefficient h is defined as the quantity of heat transferred in unit time through unit area at a temperature difference of 10 between the surface and surrounding.

Description : Define steady state heat transfer.

Last Answer : Steady state heat transfer: Heat transfer where temperature remains same with respect to time and the rate of heat transfer does not vary with time.

Description : Explain with reason through which side of shell and tube heat exchanges, the following liquids are directed. (i) viscous liquid (ii) high pressure liquid (iii) corrosive liquid

Last Answer : Viscous liquid : Viscous liquid is passed through shell side Reason: because of the presence of baffles in the shell induce turbulence and hence increases heat transfer rate. High pressure liquid: High ... To avoid expensive alloy shells (in order to save the cost of expensive material for shell).

Description : With neat sketch explain the construction and working of heat exchanger used for handling corrosive liquid.

Last Answer : Graphite block heat exchanger:   Graphite heat exchangers are well suited for handling corrosive fluids. Graphite is inert towards most corrosive fluids and has very high thermal conductivity. Graphite being ... vertical faces direct the service fluid through the exchanger in a cross flow.

Description : Draw a neat labelled diagram of 1-2 shell and tube heat exchanger. 

Last Answer : 1-2 shell and tube heat exchanger: 

Description : Name any four types of shell and tube heat exchanger.

Last Answer : Four types of shell and tube heat exchanger: 1. Fixed tube heat exchanger 2. Floating head heat exchanger 3. U- tube type heat exchanger 4. Kettle/ Reboiler type heat exchanger

Description : Explain the type of multiple effect evaporator feed arrangement used for handling viscous liquid.

Last Answer : Backward feed arrangement  If the liquid is very viscous, then we have to adopt backward feed arrangement. In this arrangement, the feed solution and vapour flow is in opposite direction. Fresh feed is ... Not very common as it need pump. At low values of feed temperature higher economy.

Description : Explain Wilson plot.

Last Answer : Wilson Plot: The Wilson plot method was developed by Wilson in 1915 to evaluate the convection coefficients in shell and tube condensers for the case of a vapour condensing outside by means of ... resistance and the remaining thermal resistances participating in the heat transfer process.

Description : Explain Kirchhoff’s Law with its mathematical expression in detail.

Last Answer : Kirchoff's law of radiation: Kirchoff's law: It states that at equilibrium temperature, the ratio of total emissive power of any body to absorptivity depends only upon the temperature of the body. ... respectively. At thermal equilibrium, absorption and emission rates are equal, thus,

Description : With a neat diagram explain the construction of calendria type evaporator.

Last Answer : Calendria type(Short tube) evaporator: Construction: It consists of vertical cylindrical shell incorporating short vertical tube bundle with horizontal tube sheet. Vapour inlet is provided at top ... sheet, while non condensable gas is vented to atmosphere from point near top tube sheet.

Description : Define the following terms : (i) absorptivity (ii) reflectivity (iii) transmissivity (iv) emissivity

Last Answer : Absorptivity: It is the fraction of total incident radiation which is absorbed by a body. Reflectivity: It is the fraction of total incident radiation which is reflected by a body.  Transmissivity: It ... total emissive power of a body to emissive power of a black body at the same temperature. 

Description : Explain the properties of solution that influences evaporation.

Last Answer : Properties of evaporating liquid 1. Concentration: As the concentration increases, the solution becomes more and more individualistic. The viscosity and density increase with solid content. The boiling point of ... is a problem, special materials such as copper, nickel, stainless steel may be used.

Description : Explain the concept of optimum thickness of insulation.

Last Answer : Optimum thickness of insulation: The optimum thickness of an insulation is obtained by purely economic approach. The greater the thickness, the lower the heat loss & the greater the initial cost of ... sum values of heat lost and annual fixed charges) of the insulation is minimum. 

Description : Give expression for the following and explain the terms involved. (i) Nusselt number (ii) Prandtl number

Last Answer : 1. Nusselt NumberNNU= hd/k  h – fim heat transfer coefficient  d - diameter of pipe  k – thermal conductivity of fluid 2. Prandtl Number NPR -Cp µ/k Cp– specific heat of fluid µ - viscosity of fluid  k – thermal conductivity

Description : Define capacity and economy of evaporator.

Last Answer : The capacity of an evaporator is defined as the number of kilogram of water evaporated per hour. The economy of an evaporator is defined as the number of kilogram of water evaporated per kilogram of steam fed to the evaporator.

Description : Define radiation and give one example.

Last Answer : Radiation: Radiation is transfer of energy through space by electromagnetic waves. If radiation is passing through empty space, it is not transformed into other forms of energy, nor is it diverted from its ... only the absorbed energy that appears as heat. Example: Loss of heat from unlagged pipe. 

Description : How To Make Sound Experiments

Last Answer : Wave Characteristics: Sound travels as a compression wave through the air. The fact that the sound can travel a long distance while the air molecules themselves travel only a short distance can be demonstrated ... fork on the bone behind the ear. Finally, bite the handle for a really LOUD sound.

Description : How To Make Laser Experiments

Last Answer : The Red Spot Visible Laser Diodes (VLDs) and Helium Neon (HeNe) lasers both produce a brilliant red spot at great distances. You can do some very annoying things using this property, ... are generated. They appear as warped netting, fine structured traceries of clouds or alien atmospheric phenomena.

Description : How To Make Experiments With Dry Ice

Last Answer : SAFETY NOTE: NEVER PLACE dry ice into a closed container such as a soda bottle. The bottle can explode with a loud bang, damaging your eardrums. Loose plastic, such as the bottle cap, may fly off, ... or use earplugs, just in case the container bursts. Don't do the experiment in a glass container!

Description : Experiment to help my nephew! Which direction do you see this dancer spinning?

Last Answer : I saw that spinning counterclockwise for the first 10 or 15 seconds, then the other way around (i was doing math right before looking at it then i started reading the text and it started going the other way ... side). I'm right handed in everything except eating (i use the knife with my left hand).

Description : Bending Water with Static

Last Answer : Bending Water with Static Here's an easy and fun science experiment that's great for helping kids learn about static electricity. Try bending water with static electricity produced by combing your ... ) towards the stream, it attracts the water's positively charged particles and the stream bends!

Description : Invisible Ink with Lemon Juice

Last Answer : Invisible Ink with Lemon Juice Making invisible ink is a lot of fun, you can pretend you are a secret agent as you keep all your secret codes and messages hidden from others. All you need ... ink can also be made using chemical reactions or by viewing certain liquids under ultraviolet (UV) light.

Description : Make an Egg Float in Salt Water

Last Answer : Make an Egg Float in Salt Water An egg sinks to the bottom if you drop it into a glass of ordinary drinking water but what happens if you add salt? The results are very interesting and can teach ... water, they will not have mixed, enabling the egg to amazingly float in the middle of the glass.

Description : Mention The Steps In The Interrupt Driven Mode Of Data Transfer.?

Last Answer : Answer :The steps followed in this type of transfer are as follows: The peripheral device would request for an interrupt. The request acknowledgement for the transfer is issued at the end of ... coordinates by the ISS. Again the Interrupt system is enabled and the above steps are repeated.

Description : How to Write a Job Transfer Request ?

Last Answer : How to Write a Job Transfer Request No matter which type of industry you are in, there may come a point in your career when you would not want to settle for the current position that you have at ... push that your boss needs to finally take notice of the work that you have been doing in the past.

Description : Fuel Transfer Pumps

Last Answer : A fuel transfer pump is used to move fuel from one container to another. These pumps are used to fuel cars, planes, agricultural equipment and other devices. They are typically used to transfer diesel and ... for quicker fueling. These models may cost more, but they will make your job a lot easier.

Description : How to transfer an apartment to a non-residential fund?

Last Answer : Can a private entrepreneur use his apartment as an office? The answer to this question depends on the type of activity. To sew, write poetry, fill out accounting documents, engage in tutoring, write ... is unacceptable. If you are not satisfied with this decision, you can appeal it in court.

Description : Transfer switch

Last Answer : .embed-container { position: relative; padding-bottom: 56.25%; height: 0; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%; } .embed-container iframe, .embed-container object, .embed-container embed { position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; }

Description : Maximum Power Transfer Theorem 1

Last Answer : Maximum Power Transfer Theorem 1

Description : State maximum power transfer theorem for DC circuit.

Last Answer : Maximum power transfer theorem for DC circuit: The maximum power transfer theorem states that the source or a network transfers maximum power to load only when the load resistance is equal ... removed (disconnected) ii) All internal independent sources are replaced by their internal resistances.

Description : _______ electric power is the most common method used by electrical grids to transfer power.  (A) One-phase (B) Two-phase (C) Three-phase (D) None of the above

Last Answer : Three-phase electric power is the most common method used by electrical grids to transfer power. 

Description : A transfer function has a second order denominator and constant gain in the numerator

Last Answer : A transfer function has a second order denominator and constant gain in the numerator the system has two zeros at infinity

Description : The transfer of energy for reaction turbines is based on _______ A) Newton’s first law B) Newton’s second law C) Newton’s third law D) All the above

Last Answer : The transfer of energy for reaction turbines is based on Newton’s third law

Description : The reactive power transfer over a line mainly depends on

Last Answer : The reactive power transfer over a line mainly depends on lVsl- lVRl

Description : With the knowledge of the state variable representation of a plant the transfer function of the plant 

Last Answer : With the knowledge of the state variable representation of a plant the transfer function of the plant can be determined completely

Description : For maximum transfer of power, internal resistance of the source should be?

Last Answer : For maximum transfer of power, internal resistance of the source should be equal to load resistance.

Description : For high efficiency of transfer of power, internal resistance of the source should be?

Last Answer : For high efficiency of transfer of power, internal resistance of the source should be less than the load resistance.

Description : Explain data transfer mechanism in I2C protocol. Compare it with CAN and USB protocol based on bit rate and area of applications.

Last Answer : I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit): I2C stands for Inter-Integrated Circuit. I2C is a serial protocol. It was developed by Philips Semiconductor. I2C bus have two communication lines. One is serial data ( ... Mbps this is used for lower speed devices. Using USB we can connect upto 127 devices.

Description : Describe the different modes of heat transfer.

Last Answer : Mode of heat transfer:- 1) Conduction 2) Convection 3) Radiation 1) Conduction- It is the mode of heat transfer from one part of substance to another part of same substance or one ... in the form of electromagnetic waves. Example: The heat energy receives from sun to the earth surface. 

Description : Is it ok to walk downtown with my umbrella open to block the heat from the sun?

Last Answer : I don’t see why it wouldn’t be. I saw a news article this morning about the heat wave that showed numerous people doing that. That’s a perfectly valid function of a portable umbrella even if it’s less common nowadays than it used to be.

Description : How do you beat the heat without AC?

Last Answer : Taking a cold shower about every hour, putting on thin cotton clothes while still wet. Or taking a cool shower with my clothes on. The dampness catches every little whisper of a breeze that comes through.

Description : Can heat aggravate anxiety?

Last Answer : Sure. Anything that makes you uncomfortable, especially if it seems difficult to get away from. Less clothing, less covers, open windows, fans, air conditioning, cold showers.

Description : What are some things that be killed by by high heat and what can't be killed by freezing?

Last Answer : How cold and how hot? Absolute zero? 10 million degrees C.? You can kill bed bugs if you get the house hot enough.

Description : Heat isn't coming from the radiator even though it should be on?

Last Answer : It may require bleeding Usually the landlord is responsible for repair to electrical appliances, He has a legal obligation to keep the apartment in reasonable condition and repair.

Description : How can I heat the house if the electricity goes out?

Last Answer : We have the same concerns here in Upstate NY. My mother found a catalytic heater run by propane for a christmas present. Haven’t had to try it yet but it’s coming out for this storm.

Description : What are the best inexpensive blinds to block out heat and reduce power bill?

Last Answer : Cheaper than blinds: In the auto section of Wal-mart, you can buy “cut to size” auto window tint cling. It works very well, can be taken down & rolled up when you want to let in more light and takes up no space, so whatever window coverings you use will still look nice.