Prolonged airway hyperreactivity is characteristically caused by: A. Histamine B. Prostaglandin E2 C. Platelet activating factor D. Bradykinin

 Prolonged airway hyperreactivity is characteristically caused by: A. Histamine B. Prostaglandin E2 C. Platelet activating factor D. Bradykinin
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C. Platelet activating factor
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Dysmenorrhoea is often associated with excess production of the following autacoid by the endometrium: A. Bradykinin B. Prostaglandin C. Platelet activating factor D. 5-Hydroxytryptamine

Description :  Dysmenorrhoea is often associated with excess production of the following autacoid by the endometrium: A. Bradykinin B. Prostaglandin C. Platelet activating factor D. 5-Hydroxytryptamine

Last Answer : B. Prostaglandin

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Description : The following prostanoid is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation: A. Prostacyclin B. Prostaglandin E2 C. Prostaglandin D2 D. Thromboxane A2

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Tachyphylaxis to many actions on repeated injection is a feature of the following autacoid: A. Histamine B. 5-Hydroxytryptamine C. Bradykinin D. Prostaglandin E2

Description : Tachyphylaxis to many actions on repeated injection is a feature of the following autacoid: A. Histamine B. 5-Hydroxytryptamine C. Bradykinin D. Prostaglandin E2

Last Answer : B. 5-Hydroxytryptamine

The following drug is used for cervical priming to facilitate labour: A. Oxytocin B. Clomiphene C. Progesterone D. Prostaglandin E2

Description : The following drug is used for cervical priming to facilitate labour: A. Oxytocin B. Clomiphene C. Progesterone D. Prostaglandin E2

Last Answer : D. Prostaglandin E2

Actions of prostaglandin E2 include the following except: A. Fall in blood pressure B. Bronchoconstriction C. Uterine contraction D. Inhibition of gastric acid secretion

Description : Actions of prostaglandin E2 include the following except: A. Fall in blood pressure B. Bronchoconstriction C. Uterine contraction D. Inhibition of gastric acid secretion

Last Answer : B. Bronchoconstriction

The prostanoid that consistently constricts blood vessels is: A. Prostaglandin E2 B. Prostaglandin F2α C. Thromboxane A2 D. Prostacyclin

Description : The prostanoid that consistently constricts blood vessels is: A. Prostaglandin E2 B. Prostaglandin F2α C. Thromboxane A2 D. Prostacyclin

Last Answer : C. Thromboxane

The following are true about chemicals involved in allergic reaction: a. thromboxane -leukocyte activation b. prostaglandin-2 - vasodilatation c. platelet-activating factor - leukocyte activation d. heparin - augments inactivation of prostaglandins

Description : The following are true about chemicals involved in allergic reaction: a. thromboxane -leukocyte activation b. prostaglandin-2 - vasodilatation c. platelet-activating factor - leukocyte activation d. heparin - augments inactivation of prostaglandins

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The following class(es) of drugs are clinically beneficial in bronchial asthma: A. Histamine H1 receptor antagonists B. Platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonists C. Leukotriene ( cys LT1) receptor antagonists D. All of the above

Description : The following class(es) of drugs are clinically beneficial in bronchial asthma: A. Histamine H1 receptor antagonists B. Platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonists C. Leukotriene ( cys LT1) receptor antagonists D. All of the above

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The following prostanoid is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation (a) Prostacyclin (b) Prostaglandin E2 (c) Prostaglandin D2 (d) Thromboxane A2

Description : The following prostanoid is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation (a) Prostacyclin (b) Prostaglandin E2 (c) Prostaglandin D2 (d) Thromboxane A2

Last Answer : Ans: D

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the vascular response to injury? a. Vasoconstriction is an early event in the response to injury b. Vasodilatation is a detrimental response to injury with normal body processes working to avoid this process c. Vascular permeability is maintained to prevent further cellular injury d. Histamine, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostacyclin (PGI2) are important mediators of local vasoconstriction

Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the vascular response to injury? a. Vasoconstriction is an early event in the response to injury b. Vasodilatation is a ... Histamine, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostacyclin (PGI2) are important mediators of local vasoconstriction

Last Answer : Answer: a After wounding, there is transient vasoconstriction mediated by catecholamines, thromboxane, and prostaglandin F2 (PGF2a). This period of vasoconstriction lasts for only five to ten minutes. Once ... and mast cells and enhance the egress of cells and substrate into the wound and tissue

Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis does not underlie the following action of aspirin: A. Analgesia B. Closure of patent ductus arteriosus C. Hyperventilation D. Bleeding tendency

Description : Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis does not underlie the following action of aspirin: A. Analgesia B. Closure of patent ductus arteriosus C. Hyperventilation D. Bleeding tendency

Last Answer : C. Hyperventilation

Inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis share the following features except: A. Prolongation of bleeding time B. Prolongation of prothrombin time C. Prolongation of labour D. Gastric mucosal damage

Description :  Inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis share the following features except: A. Prolongation of bleeding time B. Prolongation of prothrombin time C. Prolongation of labour D. Gastric mucosal damage

Last Answer : B. Prolongation of prothrombin time

Selective COX-2 inhibitors differ from nonselective COX-1/COX-2 inhibitors in that they: A. Are antiinflammatory but not analgesic B. Donot bring down fever C. Have no renal effects D. Do not inhibit platelet aggregation

Description :  Selective COX-2 inhibitors differ from nonselective COX-1/COX-2 inhibitors in that they: A. Are antiinflammatory but not analgesic B. Donot bring down fever C. Have no renal effects D. Do not inhibit platelet aggregation

Last Answer : D. Do not inhibit platelet aggregation

The most prominent action of leukotriene B4 is: A. Vasodilatation B. Uterine contraction C. Platelet aggregation D. Chemotaxis of neutrophils and monocytes

Description : The most prominent action of leukotriene B4 is: A. Vasodilatation B. Uterine contraction C. Platelet aggregation D. Chemotaxis of neutrophils and monocytes

Last Answer : D. Chemotaxis of neutrophils and monocytes

Aspirin is contraindicated in pregnant women near term because: A. Labour may be delayed and prolonged B. Blood loss during delivery may be more C. Foetus may suffer premature closure of ductus arteriosus D. All of the above risks

Description :  Aspirin is contraindicated in pregnant women near term because: A. Labour may be delayed and prolonged B. Blood loss during delivery may be more C. Foetus may suffer premature closure of ductus arteriosus D. All of the above risks

Last Answer : D. All of the above risks

The action of histamine that is not mediated through H1 receptors is: A. Release of EDRF from vascular endothelium resulting in vasodilatation B. Direct action on vascular smooth muscle causing vasodilatation C. Bronchoconstriction D. Release of catecholamines from adrenal medulla

Description : The action of histamine that is not mediated through H1 receptors is: A. Release of EDRF from vascular endothelium resulting in vasodilatation B. Direct action on vascular smooth muscle causing vasodilatation C. Bronchoconstriction D. Release of catecholamines from adrenal medulla

Last Answer : B. Direct action on vascular smooth muscle causing vasodilatation

Which of the following is a selective H1 receptor agonist: A. 4-methyl histamine B. Impromidine C. 2-Thiazolyl ethylamine D. Chlorpheniramine

Description : Which of the following is a selective H1 receptor agonist: A. 4-methyl histamine B. Impromidine C. 2-Thiazolyl ethylamine D. Chlorpheniramine

Last Answer : C. 2-Thiazolyl ethylamine

Benefit afforded by certain H1 antihistaminics in the following condition is not based on antagonism of histamine: A. Dermographism B. Insect bite C. Common cold D. Seasonal hay fever

Description : Benefit afforded by certain H1 antihistaminics in the following condition is not based on antagonism of histamine: A. Dermographism B. Insect bite C. Common cold D. Seasonal hay fever

Last Answer : C. Common cold

The action of histamine that is not mediated through H1 receptors is: A. Release of EDRF from vascular endothelium resulting in vasodilatation B. Direct action on vascular smooth muscle causing vasodilatation C. Bronchoconstriction D. Release of catecholamines from adrenal medulla

Description : The action of histamine that is not mediated through H1 receptors is: A. Release of EDRF from vascular endothelium resulting in vasodilatation B. Direct action on vascular smooth muscle causing vasodilatation C. Bronchoconstriction D. Release of catecholamines from adrenal medulla

Last Answer : B. Direct action on vascular smooth muscle causing vasodilatation

Which of the following is a selective H1 receptor agonist: A. 4-methyl histamine B. Impromidine C. 2-Thiazolyl ethylamine D. Chlorpheniramine

Description : Which of the following is a selective H1 receptor agonist: A. 4-methyl histamine B. Impromidine C. 2-Thiazolyl ethylamine D. Chlorpheniramine

Last Answer : C. 2-Thiazolyl ethylamine

Dipalmitoyl lecithin acts as (A) Platelet activating factor (B) Second messenger for hormones (C) Lung surfactant (D) Anti-ketogenic compound

Description : Dipalmitoyl lecithin acts as (A) Platelet activating factor (B) Second messenger for hormones (C) Lung surfactant (D) Anti-ketogenic compound

Last Answer : Answer : C

Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct concerning the immunoinflammatory response to shock? a. The anaphylactoxins, C3a and C5a, are products of activation of only the classical pathway of the compliment cascade b. Eicosanoids, such as prostaglandins are stored in platelets and endothelial cells and released in response to inflammatory stimuli c. Thromboxane and PGI2 have similar effects d. Platelet-activating factor can be released by both circulating and fixed tissue cells

Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct concerning the immunoinflammatory response to shock? a. The anaphylactoxins, C3a and C5a, are products of activation of only the classical pathway ... effects d. Platelet-activating factor can be released by both circulating and fixed tissue cells

Last Answer : Answer: d Inflammatory mediators have recently been recognized as playing a significant role in the clinical manifestations and progression of shock and the development ... increased pulmonary vascular resistance, bronchoconstriction, peripheral vasodilatation, and increased vascular permeability

Platelet activating factor is: a. Generated by the action of phospholipase A2 on membrane phospholipids b. Antiinflammatory in most of its actions c. Synthesized by endothelial and other cells d. Exerts a variety of biologic effects which are platelet-independent

Description : Platelet activating factor is: a. Generated by the action of phospholipase A2 on membrane phospholipids b. Antiinflammatory in most of its actions c. Synthesized by endothelial and other cells d. Exerts a variety of biologic effects which are platelet-independent

Last Answer : Answer: a, c, d Like the eicosanoids, platelet-activating factor (PAF) is not stored in cells but is rapidly produced during inflammation. PAF exerts a variety of biologic effects ... and LTB4. There is considerable overlap and redundancy in the effects produced by PAF and eicosanoids

Which of the following statements regarding cytokines is incorrect? A. Cytokines act directly on target cells and may potentiate the actions of one another. B. Interleukin 1 (IL-1) is a major proinflammatory mediator with multiple effects, including regulation of skeletal muscle proteolysis in patients with sepsis or significant injury. C. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a major cytokine that results in platelet aggregation, bronchoconstriction, and increased vascular permeability. D. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a), despite its short plasma half-life, appears to be a principal mediator in the evolution of sepsis and the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome because of its multiple actions and the secondary cascades that it stimulates.

Description : Which of the following statements regarding cytokines is incorrect? A. Cytokines act directly on target cells and may potentiate the actions of one another. B. Interleukin 1 (IL-1) ... organ dysfunction syndrome because of its multiple actions and the secondary cascades that it stimulates.

Last Answer : Answer: C DISCUSSION: Cytokines are soluble peptide molecules that are synthesized and secreted by a number of cell types in response to injury, inflammation, and infection. Cytokines, which ... is thought to play a central role in the stress response, particularly in response to endotoxemia

All of the following are true regarding platelet-activating factor (PAF) EXCEPT: C A. Induces platelet aggregation B. Stimulates platelet secretion C. It is a preformed molecule present in various cells D. None of these

Description : All of the following are true regarding platelet-activating factor (PAF) EXCEPT: C A. Induces platelet aggregation B. Stimulates platelet secretion C. It is a preformed molecule present in various cells D. None of these

Last Answer : It is a preformed molecule present in various cells

Extract of the following plant has platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonistic activity and is claimed to benefit cognitive disorders due to cerebral ischaemia: A. Ginkgo biloba B. Claviceps purpurea C. Amanita muscaria D. Artemisia annua (p. 440) 33.12 3 3 . 1 2 A Aim4aii

Description : Extract of the following plant has platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonistic activity and is claimed to benefit cognitive disorders due to cerebral ischaemia: A. Ginkgo biloba B. Claviceps purpurea C. Amanita muscaria D. Artemisia annua (p. 440) 33.12 3 3 . 1 2 A Aim4aii

Last Answer : A. Ginkgo biloba

The actions of platelet activating factor include the following except: A. Increased capillary permeability B. Bronchodilatation C. Vasodilatation D. Erosion of gastric mucosa

Description : The actions of platelet activating factor include the following except: A. Increased capillary permeability B. Bronchodilatation C. Vasodilatation D. Erosion of gastric mucosa

Last Answer : B. Bronchodilatation

Low doses of aspirin prolong bleeding time by selectively inhibiting synthesis of the following mediator in the platelets: A. Thromboxane A2 B. 5-Hydroxytryptamine C. Platelet activating factor D. Prostacyclin

Description : Low doses of aspirin prolong bleeding time by selectively inhibiting synthesis of the following mediator in the platelets: A. Thromboxane A2 B. 5-Hydroxytryptamine C. Platelet activating factor D. Prostacyclin

Last Answer : A. Thromboxane

Bacterial opsonization is mediated by? C A. histamine B. prostaglandin C. immunoglobulins D. tumor Necrosis Factor

Description : Bacterial opsonization is mediated by? C A. histamine B. prostaglandin C. immunoglobulins D. tumor Necrosis Factor

Last Answer : immunoglobulins

Ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction involves the mediation of: A. Angiotensin II B. Prostaglandin C. Bradykinin D. Thromboxane A2

Description : Ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction involves the mediation of: A. Angiotensin II B. Prostaglandin C. Bradykinin D. Thromboxane A2

Last Answer : A. Angiotensin II

The patient whom you are about to treat states that he has Von Willebrand’s disease. Which one of the following preoperative haematological analyses may reflect this disease: A. Bleeding time and factor VIII level ptt also prolonged decreased platelet count. B. Bleeding time and factor IX level C. Bleeding time and factor X level D. Platelet count E. Thromboplastin generation time

Description : The patient whom you are about to treat states that he has Von Willebrand's disease. Which one of the following preoperative haematological analyses may reflect this disease: A. Bleeding time and ... C. Bleeding time and factor X level D. Platelet count E. Thromboplastin generation time

Last Answer : A. Bleeding time and factor VIII level ptt also prolonged decreased platelet count

Tachyphylaxis to many actions on repeated injection is a feature of the following autocoid (a) Histamine (b) 5-Hydroxytryptamine (c) Bradykinin (d) Angiotensin

Description : Tachyphylaxis to many actions on repeated injection is a feature of the following autocoid (a) Histamine (b) 5-Hydroxytryptamine (c) Bradykinin (d) Angiotensin

Last Answer : Ans: B

Following mediators are involved in acute inflammation except (a) Histamine (b) Leukotrienes (c) Interferons (d) Bradykinin

Description : Following mediators are involved in acute inflammation except (a) Histamine (b) Leukotrienes (c) Interferons (d) Bradykinin

Last Answer : Ans: C

Prostaglandin synfhesis is increased by activating phospholipases by (A) Mepacrine (B) Angiotensin II (C) Glucocorticoids (D) Indomenthacin

Description : Prostaglandin synfhesis is increased by activating phospholipases by (A) Mepacrine (B) Angiotensin II (C) Glucocorticoids (D) Indomenthacin

Last Answer : Answer : B

Aldosterone enhances Na+ reabsorption in renal tubules by: A. Stimulating carbonic anhydrase B. Activating Na+ K+ ATPase C. Inducing the synthesis of Na+ K+ ATPase D. Inducing renal prostaglandin synthesis

Description : Aldosterone enhances Na+ reabsorption in renal tubules by: A. Stimulating carbonic anhydrase B. Activating Na+ K+ ATPase C. Inducing the synthesis of Na+ K+ ATPase D. Inducing renal prostaglandin synthesis

Last Answer : C. Inducing the synthesis of Na+ K+ ATPase

The prostanoid that consistently constricts blood vessels is (a) Prostaglandin E2 (b) Prostaglandin F2a (c) Thromboxane A2 (d) Prostacyclin

Description : The prostanoid that consistently constricts blood vessels is (a) Prostaglandin E2 (b) Prostaglandin F2a (c) Thromboxane A2 (d) Prostacyclin

Last Answer : Ans: C

Which of the following eicosanoids is generated through the lipozygenase pathway ? (a) Prostaglandin E2 (b) Thromboxane A2 (c) Prostacyclin (d) Leukotriene C4

Description : Which of the following eicosanoids is generated through the lipozygenase pathway ? (a) Prostaglandin E2 (b) Thromboxane A2 (c) Prostacyclin (d) Leukotriene C4

Last Answer : Ans: D

A 60-year-old woman has glaucoma following cataract surgery. Which of the following can be used to reduce intraocular pressure? (a) Leukotriene LTD4 or its analogs (b) Prostaglandin E2 or its analogs (c) Prostaglandin F2a or its analogs (d) Slow-reacting substance of anaplylaxis (SRS-A) (e) Thromboxane A2 or its analogs

Description : A 60-year-old woman has glaucoma following cataract surgery. Which of the following can be used to reduce intraocular pressure? (a) Leukotriene LTD4 or its analogs (b) Prostaglandin E2 or its analogs ( ... analogs (d) Slow-reacting substance of anaplylaxis (SRS-A) (e) Thromboxane A2 or its analogs

Last Answer : Ans: C

Select the drug that has been used to suppress labour: A. Atropine B. Ritodrine C. Prostaglandin E2 D. Progesterone

Description : Select the drug that has been used to suppress labour: A. Atropine B. Ritodrine C. Prostaglandin E2 D. Progesterone

Last Answer : B. Ritodrine

The drug of choice for controlling postpartum haemorrhage is: A. Oxytocin B. Methylergometrine C. Dihydroergotamine D. Prostaglandin E2

Description : The drug of choice for controlling postpartum haemorrhage is: A. Oxytocin B. Methylergometrine C. Dihydroergotamine D. Prostaglandin E2

Last Answer : B. Methylergometrine

A patient who has been taking quantities of aspirin might show increased post operative bleeding because aspirin inhibits:** A. Synthesis of thromboxane A2 and prevents platelet aggregation B. Synthesis of prostacyclin and prevents platelet aggregation C. Synthesis of prostaglandin and prevents production of blood platelets D. Thrombin and prevents formation of the fibrin network E. Increase the absorption of vitamin K and prevents synthesis of blood clotting factors

Description : A patient who has been taking quantities of aspirin might show increased post operative bleeding because aspirin inhibits:** A. Synthesis of thromboxane A2 and prevents platelet aggregation B. ... network E. Increase the absorption of vitamin K and prevents synthesis of blood clotting factors

Last Answer : A. Synthesis of thromboxane A2 and prevents platelet aggregation

While prescribing a first generation H1 antihistaminic the patient should be advised to avoid: A. Driving motor vehicles B. Consuming processed cheese C. Strenuous physical exertion D. All of the above

Description : While prescribing a first generation H1 antihistaminic the patient should be advised to avoid: A. Driving motor vehicles B. Consuming processed cheese C. Strenuous physical exertion D. All of the above

Last Answer : A. Driving motor vehicles

The capacity of an antihistaminic to produce sedation depends on the following except: A. Relative affinity for central versus peripheral H1 receptors B. Ability to penetrate blood-brain barrier C. Individual susceptibility D. Ratio of H1:H2 blockade produced by the drug

Description : The capacity of an antihistaminic to produce sedation depends on the following except: A. Relative affinity for central versus peripheral H1 receptors B. Ability to penetrate blood-brain barrier C. Individual susceptibility D. Ratio of H1:H2 blockade produced by the drug

Last Answer : D. Ratio of H1:H2 blockade produced by the drug

The conventional H1 antihistaminics possess the following additional properties except: A. Local anaesthetic B. Vasopressor C. Antiarrhythmic D. Catecholamine potentiating

Description : The conventional H1 antihistaminics possess the following additional properties except: A. Local anaesthetic B. Vasopressor C. Antiarrhythmic D. Catecholamine potentiating

Last Answer : B. Vasopressor

The following H1 antihistaminic has additional anti 5-HT, anticholinergic, sedative and appetite stimulating properties: A. Promethazine B. Terfenadine C. Cyproheptadine D. Hydroxyzine

Description : The following H1 antihistaminic has additional anti 5-HT, anticholinergic, sedative and appetite stimulating properties: A. Promethazine B. Terfenadine C. Cyproheptadine D. Hydroxyzine

Last Answer : C. Cyproheptadine

High anticholinergic property is present in the following antihistaminic: A. Diphenhydramine B. Astemizole C. Cetirizine D. Terfenadine

Description : High anticholinergic property is present in the following antihistaminic: A. Diphenhydramine B. Astemizole C. Cetirizine D. Terfenadine

Last Answer : A. Diphenhydramine

Autacoids differ from hormones in that: A. Autacoids are involved only in the causation of pathological states B. Autacoids do not have a specific cell/tissue of origin C. Autacoids generally act locally at the site of generation and release D. Both ‘B’ and ‘C’ are correct

Description : Autacoids differ from hormones in that: A. Autacoids are involved only in the causation of pathological states B. Autacoids do not have a specific cell/tissue of origin C. Autacoids generally act locally at the site of generation and release D. Both ‘B’ and ‘C’ are correct

Last Answer : D. Both ‘B’ and ‘C’ are correct

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Description : Allopurinol has a therapeutic effect in the following conditions except: A. Radiotherapy induced hyperuricaemia B. Hydrochlorothiazide induced hyperuricaemia C. Acute gouty arthritis D. Kala-azar

Last Answer : C. Acute gouty arthritis