Recent questions tagged chemistry-in-everyday-life

Description : What is the purpose of adding antioxidants to food ? Give two examples of antioxidants.

Last Answer : Ans. They are added to prevent oxidation of fats and oils present in food thus preventing food from becoming rancid. Eg. BHA (Butylated hydroxy anisole) BHT (Butylated hydroxy toluene)

Description : What problem arises in using alitane as artificial sweetener ? 

Last Answer : Ans. It is a high potency artificial sweetener. Therefore it is difficult to control the sweetness of the food to which it is added.

Description : Why is the use of aspartame limited to cold foods and drinks ?

Last Answer : Ans. It decomposes at baking or cooking temperatures and hence can be used only in cold foods and drinks.

Description : Why are cimetidine or ranitidine better antacids than sodium bicarbonate or magnesium or aluminium hydroxide ? 

Last Answer : Ans. If excess of NaHCO3 or Mg (OH)2 or Al (OH)3 is used, it makes the stomach alkaline and thus triggers the release of even more HCl. In contrast, cimetidine or ranitidine prevent the interaction of histamine with the receptor cells in the stomach wall and thus release lesser amount of HCl. 

Description : Why is bithional added to soap ? 

Last Answer : Ans. Acts as an antiseptic and reduces the odours produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter on the skin.

Description : Pick the odd one amongst the following on the basis of their medicinal properties mentioning the reason. (i) Luminal, seconal, phenacetin, equanil (ii) Chloroxylenol, phenol, chlorampherical, bithional

Last Answer : Ans. (i) Phenacetin is an antipyretic while all the rest are tranquilisers. (ii) Chlorampherical is an antibiotic while all the remaining are antiseptics.

Description : To what class of medicines does chloramphericol belong ? For what disease can it be used ?

Last Answer : Ans. Broad spectrum antibiotic Used to cure typhoid, dysentry, acute fever.

Description : What is tincture iodine ? What is its use ?

Last Answer : Ans. Alcoholic Solution of I2. Used as an antiseptic.

Description : What are barbiturates ? To which class of drugs do they belong ?

Last Answer : Ans. 5, 5-derivatives of barbituric acid are called barbiturates. They belong to the class of tranquilizers. They also act as sleep producing agents. Eg. Luminal, Veronal.

Description : How does apirin act as an analgesic ? 

Last Answer : Ans. It inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins which stimulates inflammation of the tissue and cause pain. 

Description : What is Salvarson ? To which class of drugs does it belong ? For what distance is it used ?

Last Answer : Ans. Antimicrobial agent. Used for the treatment of STD called Syphilis.

Description : Distinguish between a narrow spectrum and broad spectrum antibiotic.

Last Answer : Ans. A narrow spectrum antibiotic works against a limited range of microbes whereas a broad spectrum antibiotic works against a large variety of microbes. 

Description : When a mixture of salicylic acid, acetic anhydride and acetic acid is refluxed, what is the product obtained and what is its use in everyday life ?

Last Answer : Ans. Aspirin used as analgesic. 

Description : Name a sugar substitute which is 160 times as sweet as surcrose.

Last Answer : Ans. Aspartame. 

Description : Out of morphine, N-Acetyl-para-aminophenol, Diazepam and tetrahydrocatenol, which can be used as analgesic without causing addiction ?

Last Answer : Ans. N-Acetyl-para-aminophenol. 

Description : Give an example of a drug that is antipyretic as well as analgesic.

Last Answer : Ans. Paracetamol. 

Description : Name one analgesic drug which is also used to prevent heart attacks.

Last Answer : Ans. Aspirin. 

Description : What is the use of barbituric acid ?

Last Answer : Ans. Tranquilizer. 

Description : Which antibiotic contains NO2 group attached to aromatic nucleus in its structure ?

Last Answer : Ans. Chloramphenicol. 

Description : Name the antibacterial present in toothpaste.

Last Answer : Ans. Triclosan. 

Description : What is the chemical name of aspirin ?

Last Answer : Ans. 2-Acetoxy benzoic acid. 

Description : What kind of a drug is Chlorpheniramine maleate ?

Last Answer : Ans. Anti histamine drug. 

Description : Which artificial sweetner has the highest sweetness value ?

Last Answer : Ans. Alitame. 

Description : Which artificial sweetner has the lowest sweetness value ? 

Last Answer : Ans. Aspartame. 

Description : Which alkaloid is used to treat malaria ?

Last Answer : Ans. Quinine. 

Description : Which alkaloid is used to control hypertension ?

Last Answer : Ans. Reserpine. 

Description : What is the chemical name of antiseptic chloroxylenol ?

Last Answer : Ans. 4-Chloro-3, 5-dimethyl phenol. 

Description : Give an example of a chemical substance which can act both as an antiseptic and disinfectant.

Last Answer : Ans. Phenol. 

Description : Advantage of detergents

Last Answer : Advantage of detergents: (a) They work well even with hard water. (b) They are more effective than soaps. (c) They can work well even with acidic water. (d) They can work well with woolen garments.

Description : Defination of Soap

Last Answer : Soap—They are sodium or potassium salts of higher fatty acids like steric acids, oleic acid and palmitic acid. Soaps are formed by heating fat with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution the reaction is called saponification.

Description : Defination of Artificial sweetness

Last Answer : Artificial sweetness sweetness are another type of food additives e.g ortho sulphobenzimide (saccharin) is marketed as soluble sodium or calcium salt. It is 300 times sweeter than cane sugar. It is lifesaver for diabetic patients and is to control intake of calories 

Description : Defination of Antioxidants

Last Answer : Antioxidants--- Antioxidants are the important class of compounds which prevent oxidation of food materials. These compounds retard the action of oxygen on the food and thereby help in preservation. ... protecting. Example (1) Butylated hydroxyl anisole (BHA) (2) Butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT)

Description : Defination of Preservatives

Last Answer : Preservatives-Those chemicals which prevent undesirable changes in flavour, colour, texture, appetitic appeal during a storage are called preservative. They delay these changes and prevent spoilage of food due ... .  Class 2 preservative-sodium benzoate ,salts of sorbic acids and propanoic acid. 

Description : Chemicals in food

Last Answer : Chemicals in food :- Many chemicals are added to food for their preservation and enhancing their appeal. These include flavouring , sweetness, dyes, antioxidants, etc.

Description : Defination of Antimicrobials

Last Answer : Antimicrobials Disease in man and animal which may be caused by bacteria, virus and other micro-organisms microbes. Any organism that causes diseases is called a pathogen. Many body secretions either ... to infection of the body. Antibiotics are the class of drugs used as antimicrobials.  

Description : Defination of Anticancer agents

Last Answer : Anticancer agents Those drugs which are used in treatment of cancer are used as anticancer agents e.g cis-platin.

Description : Defination of Antifertility drug

Last Answer : Antifertility drug Those drug which control the birth of the child are called antifertility drugs. Steroids are the active ingredients of the pill functioning as an antifertility agents. some commonly used pills contains a combination of ethynlestradiol and norethindrone.

Description : Defination of Antacids

Last Answer : Antacids:- These substances react with hydrochloric acid present in the stomach neutralize it partially. Example magnesium hydroxide , Aluminum hydroxide etc . it can be used as tablet or in aqueous suspension .

Description : Defination of Analgesics

Last Answer : Analgesics:- chemical substance used for relieving pain are called analgesics . Example novalgin, profanes etc. 

Description : Defination of Disinfectants

Last Answer : Disinfectants :- Chemical substances which kill micro –organism or stop their growth but are harmful to human tissue are called disinfectants .example 1.% solution of phenol (2)SO2 in very low concentration.

Description : Defination of Antipyritics

Last Answer : Antipyritics :- Chemical substances which are used to bring down the body temperature in high fevers are called antipyretic. Example Aspirin, paracetamole or Analgin etc. 

Description : Defination of Antihistamins

Last Answer : Antihistamins :- Antihistamins are amines which are used as drugs to control the allergy effects produced by histamines. Example diphenyl hydrazine or promethazine .

Description : Defination of Broad spectrum Antibiotics

Last Answer : Broad spectrum Antibiotics- Antibiotics which are effective against several different types of harmful micro-organisms and thus, capable of curing several infections are called broad spectrum antibiotics Example chloromycetin, Tetracycline .

Description : Defination of Antibiotics

Last Answer : Antibiotics- Chemical substances which are produced by micro-organisms(such as moulds and bacteria) and are capable of destroying other micro organism are called antibiotics .Example penicillin ,Ampiciline.

Description : Defination of Tranquilizers

Last Answer : Tranquilizers- they are chemicals which are used for treatment of mental diseases .they act on higher centers of central nervous system. Example Equanil , Seconal ,luminal or Barbituric acid etc.