Recent questions tagged civil

Description : Do people seem more meanier and nastier today in general?

Last Answer : Not at all. I think a lot of this comes from the fact that we’re transitioning, in many ways, from a single-voiced society to a truly democratic one. But as I’ve grown, I’ve found people generally more and more courteous.

Description : Magnetic bearing of a survey line at any place (A) Remains constant (B) Changes systematically (C) Varies differently in different months of the year (D) Is always greater than true bearing

Last Answer : (C) Varies differently in different months of the year

Description : What Is The Difference Between Absorption & Adsorption And Sorption?

Last Answer : Answer : Absorption generally refers to two phenomena, which are largely unrelated. In one case, it refers to when atoms, molecules, or ions enter some bulk phase - gas, liquid or solid material ... different from absorption, in which a substance diffuses into a liquid or solid to form a solution.

Description : How Do You Measure Concrete?

Last Answer : Cubic feet, Cubic yards, Cubic Meter.

Description : Which Is Stronger Solid Steel Rod Or Hollow Steel Pipe?

Last Answer : Answer :On a per pound basis, steel pipe is stronger in bending and is less likely to buckle in axial compression.

Description : What Is The Tallest Man Made Structure In The World?

Last Answer : Answer : The tallest man made structure is the KVLY-TV mast which is 2063 feet tall. The worlds tallest man made structure is Burj Dubai which is 800 meter tall.

Description : What Are The Uses Of Alloys In Daily Life And How Are Alloys Made?

Last Answer : Answer : Alloying is not always done to produce a superior' material, but to produce materials having a desired requirement in the industry or elsewhere. A classic case is of lead solder (containing ... proportions to the molten base metal (e.g., in production of different types of steel).

Description : What Is The Worlds Largest Concrete Dam?

Last Answer : Answer : The Grand Coulee Dam is said to be the largest concrete dam. Currently the world's largest concrete dam is the Itaipu Dam, an accomplishment of two neighboring countries, Brazil and Paraguay ... River in China will take over as the largest upon its completion, which is slated for 2009.

Description : What Is Braced Excavation All About?

Last Answer : Answer : Excavations are braced to prevent the cave-in of surrounding unstable soil.

Description : What Is The Meaning Of Soil Reinforcement?

Last Answer : Answer : Soil reinforcement is the act of improving soil strength to enable it support or carry more load. Two common examples are:  Mixing a soil amendment such as lime into weak ... a stronger sloped soil structure (often done on steep roadway embankments to improve strength and stability)

Description : What Is Aggregate?

Last Answer : Answer : Aggregate is the component of a composite material used to resist compressive stress.

Description : How Are Freeway Bridges Built?

Last Answer : Answer : After calculating the anticipated traffic for the bridge, cement/reinforced- with- rebar stanchions are spaced over the freeway to accommodate the bridge. An off-ramp' from the freeway ... bridge deck can be reinforced concrete, structural steel, or a combination of steel and concrete.

Description : . What Is The Difference Between Routing Maintenance And Major Maintenance In School Facilities?

Last Answer : Answer : The routine maintenance is the minor and consistent repairs that are engaged in the school premises. Examples could include painting, replacement of fixtures, louver blades, furniture repairs, ... . It could be total restructuring of the lighting system in the school or sanitary system.

Description : What Is Difference Between Engineering Stress And True Stress?

Last Answer : Answer : Think about pulling a bar in tension. Load divided by cross-sectional area is force, or stress. But what cross section are you considering? Before starting pull, the bar had a ... to the initial diameter of the circle. The relationships between engineering values and true values are:

Description : Discuss Some Applications Of Modular Elasticity?

Last Answer : Answer : As the term implies, Modulus of Elasticity relates to the elasticity or flexibility of a material. The value of modulus of elasticity is very much significant relating to deflection of ... about 70 GPA for aluminum. This simply translate that aluminum is 3 times flexible than steel.

Description : What Is Modular Elasticity?

Last Answer : Answer : Young’s modulus (E) describes tensile elasticity, or the tendency of an object to deform along an axis when opposing forces are applied along that axis; it is defined as the ratio of tensile stress to tensile strain. It is often referred to simply as the elastic modulus.

Description : How Can You Distinguish Between Sorption, Absorption And Adsorption?

Last Answer : Answer : Sorption is a concomitant phenomenon of adsorption and absorption. Adsorption describes the phenomenon in which molecules that are present in a fluid (liquid or gas), concentrated spontaneously on a solid surface by a finite time.

Description : What Are The Different Approaches In Designing The Floors Of The Service Reservoirs?

Last Answer : Answer : In general there are two main approaches of designing the reservoir floors to prevent leakage of water due to seasonal and shrinkage movements:  In this approach the movement joints of the ... in this method is that the amount of reinforcement used is much more than the first approach

Description : For A Washout Valve Why Are Two Gate Valves Required In Normal Practice?

Last Answer : Answer : The washout valves are primarily used for normal maintenance works such as that of water main. This can be like to allow water to flow out during the cleaning of the water ... main contains water under normal operation. With two gate valves installed a leakage can be detected immediately

Description : In Block Work Seawalls What Is The Purpose Of Slip Joints?

Last Answer : Joints which are formed from the cope level to the toe level of seawalls through a complete vertical plane are known as slip joints. Such joints are designed so as to handle the differential ... panels in one unit against the earth pressure ( lateral ) which is exerted on the seawalls.

Description : In Reclamation Works What Are The Importance Of Geotextiles And Sand?

Last Answer : Answer : The primary purposes of geotextiles and sand in reclamation works are as follows:  Geotextiles: They are used to separate the marine mud from the reclamation fill. Also geotextiles are used ... . Sand also acts as a drainage for the excess pore water pressure of band drain installations.

Description : During Reclamation How Can The Occurrence Of Mud Waves Can Be Rectified?

Last Answer : Answer : There are several solution to the rectification of the problem of mud waves:  Complete removal of all the disturbed mud: This method can be considered to be one of the fastest ... methods where the top layer is removed whereas the lower level is treated with the surcharging process.

Description : n The Roof Of A Pumping Station Explain Briefly The Components Of A Waterproofing System?

Last Answer : Answer : The components of a typical waterproofing system on the roof of a pumping station are as follows:  Right above the structural finish level of the roof ( concrete ) a uniform ... waterproof membrane. The insulation board helps in the maintenance of a stable temperature in both weathers.

Description : Why Are Separation Membranes Used Between Concrete Pavement Slab And Sub-base?

Last Answer : Answer : The purpose of separation membrane between the concrete pavement slab and the sub-base are as follows:  The separation membrane reduces the frictional forces between the concrete slabs and ... of it. A good example of a separation membranes is polythene sheeting which is commonly used.

Description : Why Is The Use Of Granular Sub-base In Concrete Carriageways Not Preferred, Explain?

Last Answer : Answer : Some of the reasons why granular sub-base is not preferred in concrete carriageways:  Sub bases are permeable and hence water can seep through them easily. The soil particles get pumped ... sub-base. This can lead to the cracking of the carriageway when there is severe traffic loading.

Description : Explain Why Concrete Barriers Have Curved Surface Profiles?

Last Answer : Answer : The concrete safety fencings are made to contain vehicles in their carriageway being travelled so as to reduce the chances of rebounding into the roads leading to more hazards. In the case ... on the road by rebounds. This helps in vastly reducing the chances of other vehicle hazards.

Description : Describe Briefly The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Using Plastic And Timber Fenders?

Last Answer : Answer : The advantages and disadvantages of using plastic fenders are as follows: Plastic fenders are low in strength with a relatively high resistance to abrasion. Plastic fenders are resistant ... of contact. Also since they are made from recycled material they are environmental friendly.

Description : Why Are Pull-out Tests Performed For Soil Nails?

Last Answer : Answer : Pull out tests are performed for primarily the following reasons: In order to detect and the verification of the bond strength among the soil and the grout adopted during the design of soil ... should always be loaded so that the ultimate soil/grout mixture with an upper limit of 80%.

Description : For What Purpose Bedding Is Used Under Storm Water Drains, Explain?

Last Answer : Answer : Beddings are primarily made up of granular or concrete materials. They are primarily used for the following purposes:  They are used to provide a more uniform support for the under ... sockets. Otherwise it can lead to uneven stress being induced on the pipes eventually damaging it.

Description : Explain The Mechanism Of Cavitations In Pipes And Drains?

Last Answer : Answer : The formation of air bubbles in a fluid due to low pressure conditions lower than the saturation pressure is known as cavitations. This is considered to be a high potential damage condition ... This leads to the damage of the pipelines as a high level of dynamic pressure is created.

Description : What Are The Different Type Of Slump Test Indications?

Last Answer : Answer : Slump tests are performed to empirically measure the work ability of fresh concrete. It is used to measure the consistency of the concrete. In general there are three different types of slumps that ... the mix of concrete is simply too wet. The mix is considered to be harsh and lean.

Description : Why Should Curing Not Be Done By Ponding And Polythene Sheets?

Last Answer : Answer : The primary purpose of curing is to reduce the heat loss of concrete that is freshly placed to the atmosphere and in order to reduce the temperature gradient across the cross-section of ... be easily blown away by winds and also the water lost by self-desiccation cannot be replenished.

Description : Why Should Pumping Be Not Used In Case Of Concreting Works?

Last Answer : Answer : During the pumping operation the pump exerted pressure must overcome any friction between the pumping pipes and the concrete, also the weight of the concrete and the pressure headwhen the ... Also if a proper selection of the aggregate grading can vastly improve the concrete pump ability.

Description : Under What Circumstances Should Pot Bearings Be Used Instead Of Elastomeric Bearings?

Last Answer : Answer : Pot bearings are preferred over elastomeric bearings in situations where there are chances of high vertical loads in combinations of very large angle of rotations. Elastomeric bearings always ... Due to the above reasons pot bearings are preferred over elastomeric bearings in such cases.

Description : In Case If Concrete Box Girder Bridges How Is The Number Of Cells Determined?

Last Answer : Answer : When the depth of a box girder bridge exceed 1/6th or 1/5th of the bridge width then the design recommended is that of a single cell box girder bridge. But in case the depth of ... the transverse load distribution when the number of cells of the box girder is higher than three or more.

Description : . In The Design Of Bridge Arguments What Considerations Should Be Made To Select The Orientation Of The Wing Walls?

Last Answer : Some of the most common arrangements of wing walls in cases of bridge arguments are as follows:  Wing walls parallel to abutments: This method is considered to take least amount of time to ... design is it provides an alignment continuous with the bridge decks lending a support to the parapets.

Description : What Reinforcements Are Used In The Process Of Prestressing?

Last Answer : Answer : The major types of reinforcements used in prestressing are:  Spalling Reinforcement: The spalling stresses leads to stress behind the loaded area of the anchor blocks. This results in the ... of load. In order to reduce such stresses reinforcements in the form of bursting is required.

Description : Why Are Steel Plates Inserted Inside Bearings In Elastomeric Bearings?

Last Answer : Answer : In order to make a elastomeric bearing act/ function as a soft spring it should be made to allow it to bulge laterally and also the stiffness compression can be increased by simply ... plates. But the presence of the metal plates does not affect the shear stiffness of the bearings.

Description : What Do You Understand By “preset” During The Installation Process Of Bridge Bearings?

Last Answer : Answer : During the installation of bridge bearings the size of the upper plates is reduced to save the material costs. This process is known as preset. Generally the upper bearing plate comprises of ... to the length of the length of the bearing + irreversible movement + 2 x reversible movement

Description : Describe Briefly The Various Methods Of Concrete Curing?

Last Answer : Answer : Curing is the process of maintaining the moisture and temperature conditions for freshly deployed concrete. This is done for small duration of time to allow the hardening of concrete. The methods that ... can be applied on curing surface. This keeps the surface wet for a very long time.

Description : What Are The Steps Involved In The Concreting Process, Explain?

Last Answer : Answer : 1. Batching: The process of measurement of the different materials for the making of concrete is known as batching. batching is usually done in two ways: volume batching and weight batching ... performed. Compaction is generally performed in two ways: by hand or by the use of vibrators.

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