Recent questions tagged clinical-pharmacy

Which of the following statements best describes a lead compound? a) A compound that contains the element lead b) A compound from the research laboratory that is chosen to go forward for preclinical and clinical trials. c) A molecule that shows some activity or property of interest and serves as the starting point for the development of a drug. d) The first compound of a structural class of compounds to reach the market.

Description : Which of the following statements best describes a lead compound? a) A compound that contains the element lead b) A compound from the research laboratory that is chosen to go forward for preclinical and ... of a drug. d) The first compound of a structural class of compounds to reach the market.

Last Answer : c) A molecule that shows some activity or property of interest and serves as the starting point for the development of a drug.

Which of the following patients are at the highest risk of suffering from an adverse drug reaction? a) An 8 month year old infant receiving a prescription for an antibiotic. b) A 22 year old patient with asthma receiving prescriptions for inhalers to relieve and prevent their asthma. c) A 48 year old patient who has hypertension and receives a prescription for an ACE Inhibitor. d) A 68 year old patient who has oedema receiving a prescription for a diuretic.

Description : Which of the following patients are at the highest risk of suffering from an adverse drug reaction? a) An 8 month year old infant receiving a prescription for an antibiotic. b) A 22 year old patient ... ACE Inhibitor. d) A 68 year old patient who has oedema receiving a prescription for a diuretic. 

Last Answer : d) A 68 year old patient who has oedema receiving a prescription for a diuretic. 

You are asked to compare the cost of four different antibacterial medicines. Which of the following treatment courses is the lowest cost? a) Medicine A costs £17.00 for 28 tablets. The adult dose is one tablet twice a day and the usual treatment duration is 7 days. b) Medicine B costs £30.00 for 100 tablets. The adult dose is one tablet four times a day and the usual treatment duration is 7 days. c) Medicine C costs £20.00 for 25 tablets. The adult dose is one tablet twice a day and the usual treatment duration is 5 days. d) Medicine D costs £25.00 for 14 tablets. The adult dose is one tablet each day and the usual treatment duration is 5 days.

Description : You are asked to compare the cost of four different antibacterial medicines. Which of the following treatment courses is the lowest cost? a) Medicine A costs £17.00 for 28 tablets. The adult dose is one ... 14 tablets. The adult dose is one tablet each day and the usual treatment duration is 5 days.

Last Answer : c) Medicine C costs £20.00 for 25 tablets. The adult dose is one tablet twice a day and the usual treatment duration is 5 days.

Which of the following adverse drug reactions would you report to the Medicines and Healthcare Products regulatory Agency (MHRA) via the yellow card system for reporting? a) A patient reports a skin rash after starting a course on amoxicillin capsules. b) A patient reports experiencing dyspepsia when they take their indomethacin capsules. c) A patient complains of a dry irritating cough since they have started taking ramipril. d) A patient complains they have experienced diarrhoea since taking azilsartan.

Description : Which of the following adverse drug reactions would you report to the Medicines and Healthcare Products regulatory Agency (MHRA) via the yellow card system for reporting? a) A patient ... started taking ramipril. d) A patient complains they have experienced diarrhoea since taking azilsartan.

Last Answer : d) A patient complains they have experienced diarrhoea since taking azilsartan.

GCP are seen in all of the following except a) Phase I trial b) Phase II trial c) Preclinical trials d) Phase IV trial

Description : GCP are seen in all of the following except a) Phase I trial b) Phase II trial c) Preclinical trials d) Phase IV trial

Last Answer : c) Preclinical trials 

Pharmacovigilance is done for monitoring of a) Drug price b) Unethical practises c) Drug safety d) Pharmacy students

Description : Pharmacovigilance is done for monitoring of a) Drug price b) Unethical practises c) Drug safety d) Pharmacy students

Last Answer : c) Drug safety 

Which of the following is Type B ADRS? a) Hypoglycaemia caused by Insulin b) Dryness of mouth caused by Atropine c) Anaemia in patient with G6PD deficiency caused by Primaquine d) Hyperglycaemia caused by thiazide diuretics

Description : Which of the following is Type B ADRS? a) Hypoglycaemia caused by Insulin b) Dryness of mouth caused by Atropine c) Anaemia in patient with G6PD deficiency caused by Primaquine d) Hyperglycaemia caused by thiazide diuretics

Last Answer : c) Anaemia in patient with G6PD deficiency caused by Primaquine 

Which of the following would you classify as a pharmacodynamics interaction? a) ACE inhibitors with potassium-sparing diuretics cause life-threatening hyperkalaemia b) Antacids reduce the absorption of fluoroquinolones c) Increased bleeding due to cimetidine and warfarin d) Probenecid increases half-life of penicillin

Description : Which of the following would you classify as a pharmacodynamics interaction? a) ACE inhibitors with potassium-sparing diuretics cause life-threatening hyperkalaemia b) Antacids reduce the absorption ... Increased bleeding due to cimetidine and warfarin d) Probenecid increases half-life of penicillin

Last Answer : a) ACE inhibitors with potassium-sparing diuretics cause life-threatening hyperkalaemia

When tetracycline is given with antacids the absorption of tetracycline ----------------. a) Increases b) Decreases c) Minimally altered d) Not altered at all

Description : When tetracycline is given with antacids the absorption of tetracycline ----------------. a) Increases b) Decreases c) Minimally altered d) Not altered at all

Last Answer : b) Decreases 

Absorption of Griseofulvin increases with --------------diet. a) Carbohydrate b) Fatty c) protein d) vitamin

Description : Absorption of Griseofulvin increases with --------------diet. a) Carbohydrate b) Fatty c) protein d) vitamin

Last Answer : b) Fatty 

Gary baby syndrome occur in new born with a) Tetracycline b) Chloramphenicol c) Penicillin d) Erythromycin

Description : Gary baby syndrome occur in new born with a) Tetracycline b) Chloramphenicol c) Penicillin d) Erythromycin

Last Answer : b) Chloramphenicol 

Patient counselling helps to a) Know chemical structure of drug b) Develop business relations with pharmacist c) Motivate the patient to take medicine for improvement of his/her health status. d) Pass time at old age

Description : Patient counselling helps to a) Know chemical structure of drug b) Develop business relations with pharmacist c) Motivate the patient to take medicine for improvement of his/her health status. d) Pass time at old age

Last Answer : c) Motivate the patient to take medicine for improvement of his/her health status. 

Which of the following drug is not needed to be TDM? a) Carbamazepine. b) Penicillin. c) Digoxin. d) Gentamicin.

Description : Which of the following drug is not needed to be TDM? a) Carbamazepine. b) Penicillin. c) Digoxin. d) Gentamicin.

Last Answer : b) Penicillin. 

Idiosyncrasy is_______________. a) Type A ADRs b) Type B ADRs c) Type C ADRs d) Type D ADRs

Description : Idiosyncrasy is_______________. a) Type A ADRs b) Type B ADRs c) Type C ADRs d) Type D ADRs

Last Answer : b) Type B ADRs 

A 75-year-old man had been receiving gentamicin (an aminoglycoside antibiotic) to treat an urinary tract infection. After three months of therapy patient's serum creatinine levels were 10 mg/dL ( normal 0.5-1.2) and serum gentamicin concentrations obtained just before the last dose were 9 mg/dL (normal < 2). Which of the following is the most likely adverse drug reaction the patient was suffering from? a) Type II allergic reaction b)Type III allergic reaction c) Pseudo allergic reaction d) Overdose toxicity

Description : A 75-year-old man had been receiving gentamicin (an aminoglycoside antibiotic) to treat an urinary tract infection. After three months of therapy patient's serum creatinine levels were 10 mg/ ... Type II allergic reaction b)Type III allergic reaction c) Pseudo allergic reaction d) Overdose toxicity

Last Answer : d) Overdose toxicity 

Which of the following terms does not describe an Adverse Drug Reaction? a) Idiosyncrasy b) Anaphylaxis c) Teratogenic effect d) Placebo effect

Description : Which of the following terms does not describe an Adverse Drug Reaction? a) Idiosyncrasy b) Anaphylaxis c) Teratogenic effect d) Placebo effect

Last Answer : d) Placebo effect

Which of the following is a technique pharmacists can use to humanize themselves to their patients? a) Using the patient's preferred name in conversation b) Delegating as many tasks as possible to an assistant c) Reading the text of a medication bottle verbatim to a patient d) Providing business cards at the desk

Description : Which of the following is a technique pharmacists can use to humanize themselves to their patients? a) Using the patient's preferred name in conversation b) Delegating as many tasks as possible to an ... the text of a medication bottle verbatim to a patient d) Providing business cards at the desk

Last Answer : c) Reading the text of a medication bottle verbatim to a patient 

GCP provides public assurance that a) Rights and safety of participants are protected b) The rights, safety and wellbeing of research participants are protected and that research data are reliable. c) Results are reliable d) Safety of participant is observed and results are reliable

Description : GCP provides public assurance that a) Rights and safety of participants are protected b) The rights, safety and wellbeing of research participants are protected and that research data are reliable. c) Results are reliable d) Safety of participant is observed and results are reliable

Last Answer : b) The rights, safety and wellbeing of research participants are protected and that research data are reliable.

Which is person responsible for the conduct of the clinical trial at a trial site? a) Clinical Research Coordinator b) Monitor c) Investigator d) Sponsor

Description : Which is person responsible for the conduct of the clinical trial at a trial site? a) Clinical Research Coordinator b) Monitor c) Investigator d) Sponsor

Last Answer : c) Investigator 

What are Good Clinical Practices? a. Regulations set in place by Government that how clinical trials are supposed to be managed. b. Clinical practices that adhere to the best standards of care. c. Widely accepted standards of practice during clinical trials d. The FDA’s requirements for how trials are conducted and documented

Description : What are Good Clinical Practices? a. Regulations set in place by Government that how clinical trials are supposed to be managed. b. Clinical practices that adhere to the best standards of ... practice during clinical trials d. The FDA's requirements for how trials are conducted and documented

Last Answer : d. The FDA’s requirements for how trials are conducted and documented 

Cimetidine interacts with more drugs than ranitidine because; a) It is subjected to greater first pass metabolism b) It is a more potent enzyme inducer c) It is a more potent enzyme inhibitor d) It has better oral absorption

Description : Cimetidine interacts with more drugs than ranitidine because; a) It is subjected to greater first pass metabolism b) It is a more potent enzyme inducer c) It is a more potent enzyme inhibitor d) It has better oral absorption

Last Answer : c) It is a more potent enzyme inhibitor  

The purpose of preclinical testing is: a. To verify that a drug is sufficiently safe and effective to be tested in humans. b. To undergo preliminary testing in healthy humans to monitor the effects of the drug. c. To create a basic outline for the larger scale future tests on a widespread population. d. To develop method of drug analysis

Description : The purpose of preclinical testing is: a. To verify that a drug is sufficiently safe and effective to be tested in humans. b. To undergo preliminary testing in healthy humans to monitor the ... for the larger scale future tests on a widespread population. d. To develop method of drug analysis

Last Answer : a. To verify that a drug is sufficiently safe and effective to be tested in humans. 

______________ of clinical trial involves first time human trial in a small number of patients. a Phase I b Phase II c Phase III d Phase IV

Description :  ______________ of clinical trial involves first time human trial in a small number of patients. a Phase I b Phase II c Phase III d Phase IV

Last Answer : a Phase I 

A 92-year-old woman is an inpatient in the geriatric unit. She has multivascular dementia. She is more confused and agitated. She has been given lorazepam 4 mg intramuscularly. She is now unconscious with a generalized tonic clonic seizure and a respiratory rate of 6 breaths per minute. Which of the following could be used to reverse the effects of the lorazepam? A. Activated charcoal B. Flumazenil C. N-acetyl cysteine D. Naloxone E. Protamine sulphate

Description : A 92-year-old woman is an inpatient in the geriatric unit. She has multivascular dementia. She is more confused and agitated. She has been given lorazepam 4 mg intramuscularly. She is now unconscious ... A. Activated charcoal B. Flumazenil C. N-acetyl cysteine D. Naloxone E. Protamine sulphate 

Last Answer : B. Flumazenil 

Case control studies is called as A. Drug-oriented systems. B. Dose-oriented systems. C. Disease-oriented systems. D. Complication-oriented systems.

Description : Case control studies is called as A. Drug-oriented systems. B. Dose-oriented systems. C. Disease-oriented systems. D. Complication-oriented systems.

Last Answer : B. Dose-oriented systems. 

Which of the following medication is safe to use in the third trimester of pregnancy? A. Acetaminophen B. Warfarin C. Aspirin D. Oxycodone

Description : Which of the following medication is safe to use in the third trimester of pregnancy? A. Acetaminophen B. Warfarin C. Aspirin D. Oxycodone

Last Answer : A. Acetaminophen 

Which of the following antihypertensive agents should be avoided in the elderly patients? A. Amlodipine B. Atenolol C. Benazepril D. Methyldopa

Description : Which of the following antihypertensive agents should be avoided in the elderly patients? A. Amlodipine B. Atenolol C. Benazepril D. Methyldopa

Last Answer : D. Methyldopa 

Which of the following is a valid therapeutic use of interaction? A. Use of Probenecid with Penicillin B. Giving Aspirin with warfarin C. Instructing patient to take levofloxacin with milk or antacid D. Treatment of depression of MAO Inhibitor and Citalopram

Description : Which of the following is a valid therapeutic use of interaction? A. Use of Probenecid with Penicillin B. Giving Aspirin with warfarin C. Instructing patient to take levofloxacin with milk or antacid D. Treatment of depression of MAO Inhibitor and Citalopram

Last Answer : A. Use of Probenecid with Penicillin 

How many people will be selected for phase II trial? a) The whole market will be under surveillance b) 500-3000 people c) 100-300 people d) 20-50 people

Description : How many people will be selected for phase II trial? a) The whole market will be under surveillance b) 500-3000 people c) 100-300 people d) 20-50 people

Last Answer : c) 100-300 people 

What is informed consent in a clinical trial? a) The subjects do not know which study treatment they receive b) Patients injected with placebo and active doses c) Fake treatment d) Signed document of the recruited patient for the clinical trial procedures

Description : What is informed consent in a clinical trial? a) The subjects do not know which study treatment they receive b) Patients injected with placebo and active doses c) Fake treatment d) Signed document of the recruited patient for the clinical trial procedures

Last Answer : d) Signed document of the recruited patient for the clinical trial procedures 

According to the principles of ICH GCP, what is the most important consideration when conducting a clinical trial? A. data accuracy B. protection of trial subjects C. Process adherence D. Statistical quality checks

Description : According to the principles of ICH GCP, what is the most important consideration when conducting a clinical trial? A. data accuracy B. protection of trial subjects C. Process adherence D. Statistical quality checks

Last Answer : B. protection of trial subjects 

Which of the following drug can result in result in cyanide poisoning? A. Amyl nitrite B. Hydroxycobalamine C. Sodium nitroprusside D. Sodium thiosulphate

Description : Which of the following drug can result in result in cyanide poisoning? A. Amyl nitrite B. Hydroxycobalamine C. Sodium nitroprusside D. Sodium thiosulphate

Last Answer : C. Sodium nitroprusside 

Which of the following drug is implicated in the causation of osteomalacia of the bone? A. Steroid B. Estrogen C. Heparin D. Phenytoin

Description : Which of the following drug is implicated in the causation of osteomalacia of the bone? A. Steroid B. Estrogen C. Heparin D. Phenytoin

Last Answer : D. Phenytoin

The _______________ is the heart of the patient counselling session A) Preparing for the session. B) Opening the session. C) Counselling content. D) Closing the session.

Description : The _______________ is the heart of the patient counselling session  A) Preparing for the session.  B) Opening the session.  C) Counselling content.  D) Closing the session. 

Last Answer :  C) Counselling content. 

How are prescription medicines different from OTC ones? A. They contain much smaller amounts of active ingredients B. They don't contain dyes or preservatives C. They're unsafe for use without medical supervision D. They can be toxic

Description : How are prescription medicines different from OTC ones? A. They contain much smaller amounts of active ingredients B. They don't contain dyes or preservatives C. They're unsafe for use without medical supervision D. They can be toxic

Last Answer : C. They're unsafe for use without medical supervision 

Pharmaceutical equivalent that produce the same effects in patients A. Therapeutic equivalent B. Therapeutic window C. Minimum effective concentration (MEC) D. Minimum toxic concentration (MTC)

Description : Pharmaceutical equivalent that produce the same effects in patients A. Therapeutic equivalent B. Therapeutic window C. Minimum effective concentration (MEC) D. Minimum toxic concentration (MTC)

Last Answer : A. Therapeutic equivalent 

According to ICH GCP the investigator "should be qualified by........................... A. Training and experience B. Education, training and experience C. Education and experience D. Education and training

Description : According to ICH GCP the investigator "should be qualified by........................... A. Training and experience B. Education, training and experience C. Education and experience D. Education and training

Last Answer : B. Education, training and experience 

Why should care be taken when prescribing warfarin and amiodarone in combination? A. Amiodarone and warfarin both have an anticoagulant effect. B. Amiodarone may reverse the anticoagulant effect of warfarin. C. Amiodarone may increase the anticoagulant effect of warfarin. D. Warfarin may reverse the antiarrhythmic effect of amiodarone.

Description : Why should care be taken when prescribing warfarin and amiodarone in combination? A. Amiodarone and warfarin both have an anticoagulant effect. B. Amiodarone may reverse the anticoagulant ... anticoagulant effect of warfarin. D. Warfarin may reverse the antiarrhythmic effect of amiodarone.

Last Answer : C. Amiodarone may increase the anticoagulant effect of warfarin. 

The highest serum drug concentration following a single dose or at a steady state within a dosing interval is called ………. A. Lead B. Peak C. Poison D. Mechanisms

Description : The highest serum drug concentration following a single dose or at a steady state within a dosing interval is called ………. A. Lead B. Peak C. Poison D. Mechanisms

Last Answer : B. Peak 

According to Rawlins–Thompson classification Type D ADR includes___________ a) Carcinogenesis b) Bradycardia associated with beta blockers c) Anaphylaxis associated with penicillin d) Opiate withdrawal syndrome

Description : According to Rawlins–Thompson classification Type D ADR includes___________ a) Carcinogenesis b) Bradycardia associated with beta blockers c) Anaphylaxis associated with penicillin d) Opiate withdrawal syndrome

Last Answer : a) Carcinogenesis 

__________ is the common and dose related side effect of salbutamol. a) Decrease in blood pressure b) Muscle tremor c) Central nervous system stimulation d) Hyperglycaemia

Description : __________ is the common and dose related side effect of salbutamol. a) Decrease in blood pressure b) Muscle tremor c) Central nervous system stimulation d) Hyperglycaemia

Last Answer : c) Central nervous system stimulation 

All are Selected Cytochrome P3A4 Inducer EXCEPT___________ a) Efavirenz b) Erythromycin c) Dexamethasone d) Nevirapine

Description : All are Selected Cytochrome P3A4 Inducer EXCEPT___________ a) Efavirenz b) Erythromycin c) Dexamethasone d) Nevirapine

Last Answer : b) Erythromycin  

_________ drug is avoided in children’s under 4 years with diarrhea. a) bisacodyl b) loperamide c) Bismuth subsalicylate d) Ciprofloxacin

Description : _________ drug is avoided in children’s under 4 years with diarrhea. a) bisacodyl b) loperamide c) Bismuth subsalicylate d) Ciprofloxacin

Last Answer : d) Ciprofloxacin

Which is appropriate description of Average Costs? a) The value of opportunities which have been lost by utilizing resources in particular service or health technology. b) The total costs (i.e. all the costs incurred in the delivery of a service) of a health care system divided by the units of production. c) Independent of the number of units of production and include heating, lighting and fixed staffing costs. d) The cost of the consumption of medicines is a good example of variable costs.

Description : Which is appropriate description of Average Costs? a) The value of opportunities which have been lost by utilizing resources in particular service or health technology. b) The total costs (i.e. all the ... costs. d) The cost of the consumption of medicines is a good example of variable costs.

Last Answer : b) The total costs (i.e. all the costs incurred in the delivery of a service) of a health care system divided by the units of production. 

OECD stands for a) Outcome economy committee development. b) Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. c) Out entry contact dossier. d) Organization for Evasive Co-operation and Development.

Description : OECD stands for a) Outcome economy committee development. b) Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. c) Out entry contact dossier. d) Organization for Evasive Co-operation and Development. 

Last Answer : b) Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development.  

An epidemic that becomes unusually widespread and even global in its reach is referred to as a) Pandemic. b) Hyperendemic. c) Spanish flu. d) Endodermic.

Description : An epidemic that becomes unusually widespread and even global in its reach is referred to as a) Pandemic. b) Hyperendemic. c) Spanish flu. d) Endodermic.

Last Answer : a) Pandemic. 

Science of collecting, monitoring, researching, assessing and evaluating information from healthcare providers and patients on the adverse effects of medications is known as a) Pharmacovigilance. b) Clinical Trails. c) Observational study. d) Qualitative study.

Description : Science of collecting, monitoring, researching, assessing and evaluating information from healthcare providers and patients on the adverse effects of medications is known as a) Pharmacovigilance. b) Clinical Trails. c) Observational study. d) Qualitative study.

Last Answer : a) Pharmacovigilance. 

The written details for conduct trails to ensure quality control of trail is known as a) GCP. b) SOP. c) IEC. d) ADR.

Description : The written details for conduct trails to ensure quality control of trail is known as a) GCP. b) SOP. c) IEC. d) ADR.

Last Answer : b) SOP. 

The sponsor in clinical study is a) Country. b) Organisation. c) Society. d) Cohort.

Description : The sponsor in clinical study is a) Country. b) Organisation. c) Society. d) Cohort.

Last Answer : b) Organisation. 

___________ drug is usually avoided with breastfeeding. a) Ibuprofen b) propranalol c) Methotrexate d) Naproxe

Description : ___________ drug is usually avoided with breastfeeding. a) Ibuprofen b) propranalol c) Methotrexate d) Naproxe

Last Answer : c) Methotrexate  

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