Recent questions tagged elements-of-electronics

Description : Draw construction of PVC gang capacitor and describe it’s working.

Last Answer :  Diagram Working  In plastic core capacitor, poly-vinyl chloride (PVC) type of plastic film is used as dielectric between the fixed & movable vanes instead of air. This increases ... & results in great reduction of size of capacitor in comparison with the air core capacitor.

Description : Describe construction of Aluminium Electrolytic capacitor.

Last Answer : A plain foil dry electrolytic capacitor is made by forming a coating of aluminium oxide on both sides of an aluminium foil. Two strips of aluminium foil used are then separated by two layers of porous ... is rolled up the ends closed with wax and then sealed into an aluminium container.

Description : Define rectification efficiency. Give its formula.

Last Answer : The ratio of output DC power delivered to the load to the applied input AC power is called rectification efficiency. It is denoted by η. η = Output DC power delivered to the load / Input AC power from transformer secondary η = Pdc / Pac

Description : List two applications of LDR.

Last Answer : 1. It is used for automatic contrast of brightness control in television receivers. 2. It is used as a proximity switch. 3. It is used in the street light control circuits. 4. It is used in the ... security alarms. 9. It is used in the smoke detectors. 10. It is used in the infrared astronomy.

Description : Define permeability and reluctivity of magnetic material. 

Last Answer : Permeability is the capability of a specific material to allow the flow of magnetic flux more easily. Thus higher permeability enables a material to pass more magnetic flux. Reluctivity is equal to the ratio of the intensity of the magnetic field to the magnetic induction of the material.

Description : Define following terms: i) Active networks. ii) Unilateral networks

Last Answer : i) Active networks: If a network consists of an energy source then it is called an active network. The type of energy source can be a voltage source or a current source. ii) ... direction of current through its elements in it, then the network is called as a unilateral network.

Description : Explain the working principle of slug tuned inductor.

Last Answer : The value of inductor increases, when the slug (moving coil) is moved into the coil winding and hence decreases the resonant frequency of the tuned circuit. Similarly, when the slug is moved out of the ... be varied by using movable core which can be moved up or down by using screw driver.

Description : Draw the star and delta connection. State any one conversion formula.

Last Answer : star and delta connection

Description : Explain the following terms 1. Bilateral Network 2. Linear Network

Last Answer : Bilateral Network If the magnitude of current flowing through a circuit element is not affected when the polarity of the applied voltage is changed, then the element is known as a bilateral element. ... network comprising of one or more linear number of elements is known as a linear network.

Description : Explain with neat sketch construction of PIN Diode. Draw its characteristics in reverse bias mode. 

Last Answer : Construction A PIN diode is made up of three semiconductor materials; two heavily doped P- and N- type material separated by an intrinsic (undoped) semiconductor (I) as shown in above figure ... . This advantage allows the PIN diode to process even weak signals.  Characteristics

Description : Draw the construction diagram of air core inductor. List two applications

Last Answer : Applications: i. It is used for construction of IF and RF tuning coils. ii. It is used for interstage coupling.

Description : Explain the working of TDR along with its symbol and characteristics. 

Last Answer : TDR are also called as thermistors. Thermally sensitive materials are used to manufacture thermistors. Depending on the temperature co- efficient of resistance value thermistors are classified as ... used when a drastic change in resistance is required at specific temperature. RαT

Description : State four applications of PIN diode. 

Last Answer : i. Used in rectifier circuit. ii. Used in clipping and clamping circuit. iii. Used for A.M detection. iv. Used for voltage multiplier.

Description : Draw the circuit diagram of bridge rectifier and label it. 

Last Answer : Circuit Diagram Bridge rectifier

Description : Draw a label diagram of ferrite core inductor.

Last Answer : Ferrite core inductor

Description : Convert the delta network into equivalent star network.

Last Answer : Delta to start network R1 = 4x6/ 4+6+2 = 24/12 =2/1= 2Ω R2 = 2x6/ 4+6+2 = 12/12= 1 = 1Ω R3 = 4x 2/ 4+6+2 = 8/12= 2/3= 0.66Ω

Description : Compare: 1. Active and passive network 2. Linear and non-linear network

Last Answer : 1. Active network and passive network. Sr.No Active network Passive network 1 If a network consists of an energy source, then it is called as an active network. If ... only to the linear networks.  The superposition theorem also is not applicable to the nonlinear networks.

Description : State the condition for RC differentiator. Draw the output waveform of RC integrator for square wave input.

Last Answer : Condition for RC differentiator: If the time duration T of the input waveform is comparable with the RC time constant (product of R and C) then the output waveform of the differentiator gets distorted. Hence for proper differentiator the condition is as follows: T >>RC

Description : Compare clipper and clamper

Last Answer : Sr. No Parameter Clipper Clamper 1 Components used Diode, Resistors  Diode, Capacitors, Resistors 2 Function To remove a part of input waveform To add a DC ... Application Diode clamp, wave shaping circuits  Voltage Multipliers  5 Configuration

Description : Draw the clipper circuit using series and shunt diode.

Last Answer : Fig: A series negative clipper (OR) Fig: Series positive clipper Fig: Parallel positive clipper (OR) Fig: Parallel negative clipper

Description : Explain the colour coding using colour band system in capacitor with an example.

Last Answer : 1. First and second band gives the significant digit reading from left to right. 2. Third colour band gives the multiplier. 3. Fourth colour band gives the tolerance value. 4. Fifth and sixth bands ... , Violet, Yellow To find : Value of capacitor Solution: Yellow: 4  Violet: 7

Description : Write the function of C and L in π filter and write two advantages of π filter over other filters.

Last Answer : The capacitors C1 and C2 provide a low reactance path for the ripple whereas the series inductor L provides a high reactance to the ac ripple. The combined effect of this is the reduction in ripple, and ... very low. 4. High dc voltage (approximately Vm) 5. Increase in the average load voltage. 

Description : Draw the circuit diagram of shunt capacitor filter along with full wave rectifier. Draw the waveform of full wave rectifier output and shunt capacitor filter output.

Last Answer : Fig: Shunt capacitor filter along with full wave rectifier Fig: Waveform of full wave rectifier output and shunt capacitor filter output.

Description : List four specifications of zener diode or P- N junction diode.

Last Answer : Specifications of zener diode: 1. Zener voltage 2. Power dissipation 3. Maximum power dissipation PD(max) 4. Breakdown current 5. Dynamic resistance 6. Maximum reverse current. (OR) ... Reverse saturation current 5. Power dissipation 6. Junction temperature 7. Peak inverse voltage (PIV)

Description : Draw the constructional diagram of iron core inductor and write the working of it.

Last Answer : Iron core inductors allow high inductance value but are limited in high frequency capacity due to hysteresis and eddy current losses. Iron core increases the magnetic induction of a ... certain point this result in a useful increase in inductance. Beyond that point, inductance decreases.

Description : Write four specifications of capacitor. Write the range of values for any one type of capacitor.

Last Answer : Specifications of capacitor are: i. Working voltage ii. Capacitive reactance iii. Dissipation factor iv. Frequency characteristics v. Equivalent series resistance vi. Quality Factor vii. Tolerance Electrolytic capacitor= 0.47μF to 10,000μF

Description : Write two applications of P-N junction diode and zener diode. 

Last Answer : Application of P-N junction diode: Used in rectifier circuit Used in clipping and clamping circuit. Used for A.M detection Used for voltage multiplier. Application of Zener diode: It is ... . Used in protection circuits for MOSFET. Used in pulse amplifier. Used in clipping circuits.

Description : State two functions of slug- tuned inductor and write the expression of self-inductance.

Last Answer : It is kind of variable inductor. The value of inductance increases, when the slug is moved into the coil winding and decreases the resonant frequency. When the slug is moved out of the coil ... decreases and resonant frequency of the tuned circuit increases. Self-inductance (L)= N x φ /I

Description : Define Ferromagnetic materials. Draw B- H Curve.

Last Answer : Ferromagnetic materials: The materials which possess magnetism in the absence of applied magnetic field is known as ferromagnetic materials.

Description : State the working principle of LED and LASER diode.

Last Answer : LED  Working principle of LED diode:An LED emits two light when electrical energy is applied to it.LED is a two terminal device.The terminals are named as anode (A) and the other as cathode(K). A ... with light: 1) Light absorption 2) Spontaneous emission 3) Stimulated emission

Description : Describe the operating principle of PIN diode with neat sketch.

Last Answer : Consider the structure of a PIN diode as shown in fig  A PIN diode operates under what is known as high-level injection.In other words,the intrinsic i region is flooded with charge ... results in faster operation of the diode,making it a suitable device for high frequency operations.

Description : List specifications of resistors and explain any two.

Last Answer : List specifications of resistors are as follows: 1. Maximum voltage rating. 2. Power rating. 3. Temperature co- efficient of resistance. 4. Tolerance. 5. Operating temperature. 6. Ohmic ... form of energy. Tolerance: It is defined as deviation from nominal value of resistance in percent.

Description : Draw the characteristics of tunnel diode and write two applications of it.

Last Answer :  Characteristics:  Applications: 1. In the digital networks 2. As a high speed switch 3. As a high frequency oscillator 4. High speed computers

Description : Write the specifications of linear and non- linear potentiometers. State its applications

Last Answer : Specifications of linear & nonlinear potentiometers:  1. Ohmic range: 10Ω to 125 kΩ 2. Power rating : 100watt to 200 watt 3. Tolerance :  2% 4. Voltage Rating: 5V-500V 5. Operating ... 7. Used as potential dividers. 8. It is used for panel control in receivers, function generator etc 

Description : State the parameter of rectifier. 

Last Answer : Any two parameter of rectifier-  Average load current Average load voltage RMS load current RMS load voltage Ripple factor Voltage regulation Rectification efficiency and TUF.

Description : Give the need of rectifier. 

Last Answer : Need of Rectifiers: Many electronic devices such as diodes, transistors and IC’s works on D.C. but not on A.C. It is then needed to convert A.C. into D.C. Rectifier is the best and cheapest way to provide D.C. current for electronic devices. 

Description : State the classification of capacitors.

Last Answer : Classification of capacitor is as follows:

Description : State : (i) Norton’s theorem. (ii) super-position theorem.

Last Answer : Norton's theorem Statement: Any linear, active, resistive, network containing one or more voltage and / or current sources can be replaced by an equivalent circuit containing a current source ... response (current) caused by individual sources acting alone, while the other sources are inoperative.

Description : Comparison between linear & non-linear waveshaping networks.

Last Answer : Comparison between linear & non-linear waveshaping circuit:  LINEAR WAVE SHAPING CIRCUIT  NON LINEAR WAVE SHAPING CIRCUIT The circuits which make use of only linear circuit element ... wave shaping circuit.  Examples: Integrator ,differentiator Examples: clipper, clamper

Description : Draw and describe working of positive clamper.

Last Answer : Diagram- Operation In the first negative half cycle after turning on the circuit, the diode acts as a closed switch and charges the capacitor to peak input voltage Vm with the polarities. In all the ... Vo as,  This shows that the clamper adds a positive DC shift. Waveform

Description : State operating principle of LED. Write material names used to manufacture LED.

Last Answer : Principle of Operation of LED:  When an LED is forward biased, the electron in the n-region will cross the junction and recombine with the holes is p-type. When the recombination takes ... Gallium Arsenide Phosphite (GaAsP) : Red or Yellow. Gallium Phosphite (GaP) : Red or Green.

Description : Draw the characteristics of tunnel diode, showing operating regions. State two applications of tunnel diode.

Last Answer : Applications: One of the important application of a tunnel diode is in high speed computers where the switching times in the order of nanoseconds or picoseconds are desirable. A tunnel diode can be ... In digital networks. 2. As a high speed switch. 3. As a high frequency oscillator.

Description : Explain the working principle of electrolytic capacitor.

Last Answer : Principle: Electrolytic capacitors are using a chemical feature of some special metals, on which by anodically oxidation, an insulating oxide layer or dielectric originates. The metal is placed in an ... form the thin oxide dielectric, this type of capacitor is called electrolytic'.

Description : Draw and describe working of full wave rectifier using centre tapped transformer.

Last Answer : Full wave Rectifier with Center tapped transformer(FWR): In full wave rectification, the rectifier conducts in both the cycles as two diodes are connected. Circuit diagram: Operation: 1. In ... both half-cycles of input AC voltage. Therefore DC is obtained across the load RL.

Description : Define dynamic resistance of diode. State, how it is calculated using forward characteristics of diode.

Last Answer : Definition: The resistance offered by the diode to the AC operating conditions is known as the Dynamic resistance' or Incremental resistance' or AC resistance' of a diode. It is ... Dynamic resistance is actually the reciprocal of the slope of the forward characteristics.

Description : Write the difference between iron core inductor and ferrite core inductor. 

Last Answer : difference between iron core inductor and ferrite core inductor

Description : Give the classification of resistors. List any four materials used for manufacturing of resistors.

Last Answer : Materials used for manufacturing of resistors: Carbon Composition Resistor (carbon dust or graphite paste) Film or Cermet Resistor (conductive metal oxide paste) Nichrome, enamel LDR- Cadmium sulphide, Cadmium selenide, lead sulphide TDR- Cobalt, Nickel, Manganese

Description : Write two applications of clipper and two of clamper.

Last Answer : Application of Clipper:  In the case of generating new waveforms and/or shaping the existing older waveforms. Clippers can be used as freewheeling diodes in protecting the transistors from transient ... called as direct current restorers as they clamp the wave forms to a fixed DC potential.

Description : List applications of Schottky diode and Laser diode.

Last Answer : Application of Schottky diode:  It is used in rectification of very high frequency signals. It is used in communication system circuits. It is used in AC to DC converters. It is used in Radar ... etc. It is used in welding. It is used as a light source in fibre optic communication.

Description : Draw symbol and state one application of zener diode and LED.

Last Answer : Diagram: Application of Zener diode:  It is used as voltage regulator. Used in protection circuits for MOSFET. Used in pulse amplifier. Used in clipping circuits. ... alarm systems 7-segment, 16- segment and dot matrix displays Indicating power ON/OFF conditions