Recent questions tagged heat-power-engineering

Description : State two strength and two limitations of following power plants. 

Last Answer : Power plant Strength limitations Solar power plant  1) They do not pollute the atmosphere. 2) Such type of plants suitable in rural areas where for installation large space is ... producing gas it takes more time. 3) Initial investment is required for construction of well. 

Description : Describe with neat sketch working of air compressor used in automobile workshops. State its two advantages

Last Answer : As shown in ig. Shows two stages reciprocating air compressor with water cooled and intercooler First of all fresh air is sucked from atmosphere in low pressure (L.P) cylinder during its suction ... :  1) Less power is required to drive the compressor.  2) Higher volumetric efficiency 

Description : Describe government policy for harnessing the potential power of renewable energy sources

Last Answer : 1) Promote hybridization of solar and wind energy and build ancillary markets:The synergy in a hybrid wind and solar plant will help reduce variability in power generation. Hybrid projects would also ... , resulting in line faults and leakages, as well as undersized and over-utilized transformers. 

Description : Describe with neat sketch the construction and working of surface condenser

Last Answer : Construction- It consists of horizontal cast iron cylindrical vessel pack with tubes, through which the cooling water flows. The ends of the condenser are cut off by vertical perforated type plates into ... ; the secondary function of condenser is to supply pure and hot feed water to boiler.  

Description : Describe ultimate analysis and proximate analysis of solid fuel 

Last Answer : Ultimate Analysis: Ultimate analysis is complete breakdown of coal into Chemical constituents. This analysis is important for large scale trials. It serves the basis For calculation of the amount of ... sulphur is determined separately. This analysis also used to determine heating value of the coal.

Description : State the various factors affecting volumetric efficiency of air compressor 

Last Answer : Factors affecting volumetric efficiency of reciprocating air compressor: 1) Clearance Volume 2) Restricted passage and leakage at inlet valves 3) Speed of rotation 4) Piston ring leakages ... wall, it get expanded, which decreases the charge taken in therefore volumetric efficiency decreases. 

Description : State the factor governing the selection of cogeneration system. write advantages of cogeneration.

Last Answer : Factor governing the selection of cogeneration system: 1) electrical load matching 2) thermal load matching 3) Electrical load matching 4) Thermal load matching 5)Thermal to electrical energy ratio ... Very high efficiency. 4) Reduction in emission of pollutants due to reduced fuel consumption. 

Description : Sketch energy flow diagram for steam boiler 

Last Answer : Fig. Energy flow diagram of Steam Boiler

Description : Describe with neat sketch of working of bomb calorimeter

Last Answer : working of bomb calorimeter:   The calorimeter is made of austenitic steel which provides considerable resistant to corrosion and enables it to withstand high pressure. In the calorimeter use of a strong ... the calorimeter. From the above data the calorific value of the fuel can be found.  

Description : Explain the following terms with example  1) Conduction 2) Convection 3) Radiation 

Last Answer : 1) Conduction- It is the mode of heat transfer from one part of substance to another part of same substance or one substance to another without displacement of molecules or due to the vibrations of ... form of electromagnetic waves. Example: The heat energy receives from sun to the earth surface. 

Description : Suggest energy conservation techniques to be used in automobile workshop.

Last Answer : 1.Take advantage of the used-oil exemption rule by installing an oil-drip heater for your facility. you can burn your used oil and generate heat at your facility reducing the disposal costs associated ... watt LED exit lights. These lights last longer (up to 25 years) and reduce maintenance costs.

Description : Classify the steam boiler on the basis of 

Last Answer : i) Content in the tubes:  a) Fire tube boiler  b) Water tube boiler ii)Circulation of water and steam:  a) Natural circulation boiler  b) Forced circulation boiler iii)According to boiler ... iv)according to axis of shell  a) Horizontal boiler  b) Vertical boiler  c) Inclined boiler

Description : Draw dual cycle on P V and T S diagram and write the processes involved in it. 

Last Answer : 1-2 Isentropic compression of air  2-3 the combustion of fuel at constant volume.  3-4 the combustion of fuel at constant pressure  4-5 Isentropic expansion during which work is done by the system.  5-1 Heat rejection at constant volume. 

Description : Classify steam turbine on the basis of 

Last Answer : i) Principle of action:  a) Impulse turbine b) Reaction turbine c) Impulse reaction turbine  ii) Direction of steam flow:  a) axial flow turbine b) Radial flow turbine c) Tangential flow ... all  iv) Steam pressure:  a)High pressure turbine b) Low pressure turbine c) Medium pressure turbine 

Description : State two limitations of solar energy

Last Answer : 1. Uses a Lot of Space 2.High initial capital costs 3. Problem of efficiency (low) 4.Weather dependent 5.Solar energy storage is expensive

Description : Define renewable energy. Give two examples.

Last Answer :  Renewable energy : Energy generated by using wind, tides, solar, geothermal heat, and biomass including farm and animal waste as well as human excreta is known as nonconventional energy. All these sources ... . Biomass 3. Solar applications of energy 4. Hydraulic power 5. Fuel cells 6. Bio fuels

Description : Define i)Dryness fraction ii) Degree of superheat

Last Answer : i)Dryness fraction: Dryness fraction is defined ratio of the mass of the dry steam present in the total mass of steam.  Or  Dryness fraction is ratio of the mass of actual dry ... Superheated Steam and the saturation temperature correspondingly to given pressure is said to be Degree of Superheat. 

Description : State four properties of liquid fuel

Last Answer : 1. High calorific value 2. Moderate ignition temperature 3. Low moisture content 4. Low NOx combustible matter  5. Moderate velocity of combustion 6. Products of combustion not harmful 7. Low ... 10. No spontaneous combustion 11. Low storage cost 12. Should burn in air with efficiency.

Description : (i) Explain zeroth law of thermodynamic with neat sketch. (ii) Write the procedure for Energy saving in household appliances. 

Last Answer : i) Zeroth law of thermodynamics - If two thermodynamic systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third, then they are in thermal equilibrium with each other ii) Procedure for Energy ... Install energy efficient open glass windows to use sun light. Upgrade your HVAC system.

Description : Describe the construction and working of two pass flow surface condenser also write it’s function and location in steam power plant.

Last Answer : Construction: It consists of horizontal cast iron cylindrical vessel pack with tubes, through which the cooling water flows. The ends of the condenser are cut off by vertical perforated type plates ... hot feed water to boiler. Location in steam power plant- between turbine and feed pump 

Description : Explain the construction and working of electricity generation through photovoltaic system.

Last Answer : Construction-A photovoltaic (PV) system is a system composed of one or more solar panels combined with an inverter and other electrical and mechanical hardware that use energy from the Sun to generate ... power electronics locally, or be sent on to the electrical grid for use elsewhere.

Description : Write the strength and limitation of biomass power plant. 

Last Answer : Strength 1) Raw material used as cow dung is easily available in villages, rural area at free of cost. 2) Easy to operate and having less maintenance. 3) No additional Co2 emission to ... 2) For producing gas it takes more time. 3) Initial investment is required for construction of well.

Description : Explain the necessity of multi-staging and inter cooling in case of two stage compressor with PV diagram

Last Answer : Necessity of multi staging with intercooling in air compression: The large pressure ratio gives rise in high compression ratio and high discharged temperature which produce adverse effect on the efficiency and ... and saving in work and power multi staging with intercooling is necessary.  

Description : (i) Draw the neat sketch of bomb calorimeter. (ii) Write any three sources of air leakage in steam condenser.

Last Answer : (i)   (ii) Sources of air leakage in condenser: i) Air leak through joints and packing. ii) Air also comes in condenser with the steam. iii) In jet condensers dissolved air in the cooling water enters the condenser. 

Description : Define (i) I.P (ii) B.P (iii)Volumetric efficiency (iv)Isothermal efficiency of air compressor

Last Answer : i) I.P. - It is the ratio of polytrophic work into speed of compressor in revolution per second.   ii) B.P. - It is the power required to drive the compressor or power delivered to ... the ratio of isothermal power to the shaft power or brake power of motor required to drive the compressor  

Description : Explain higher and lower calorific value of a coal having following composition by mass Carbon 81%,Hydrogen 7%, Oxygen 8%,Nitrogen 2.5%, sulphur 1.5% and remaining is ash

Last Answer : Carbon C = 81% = 0.81 Hydrogen = H2 = 7% = 0.07 Oxygen = O2 = 8% = 0.08 Nitrogen = N = 2.5% = 0.025 Sulphur = S =1.5% = 0.015 Ash = 2.5% = 0.025 Dulong's formula: H.C.V. of coal = 33800 C + 144500 ... = H.C.V.- 9H2 x 2442 KJ / Kg = 36187.5- 9 x 0.07 x 2442 L.C.V. of coal = 34649.04 KJ / Kg 

Description : Explain combustion chemistry of carbon, methane and hydrogen 

Last Answer : i) Carbon: Burning of carbon to carbon dioxide ( complete combustion )   That means 1 kg of carbon needs 2.67 kg oxygen and produces 3.67 kg of carbon dioxide  ii)Methane (CH4):  ... by the following equitation 1 kg of hydrogen combines with 8 kg of oxygen to produce 9 kg of steam. 

Description : Explain the process of formulation of steam from 0⁰C water with T-H diagram

Last Answer : Consider formation of steam from ice at -100 C i) Solid phase- When the heat is added in ice which is at -100 C the temperature of ice increases to 00 C as shown in figure by process a ... is added up to 1000 C, in this region no phase change takes place, there is only liquid phase present. 

Description : Write the importance and impact of energy conservation on environment and economy.

Last Answer : Impact of energy conservation on Economy-Reduced dependence on nonrenewable sources of energy: Based on current known reserves and consumption of these fuels. It protects the economy and consumers from ... ways. The air is polluted when fossil fuels like coal are burned and released into it

Description : Explain solar power plant and write its two advantages.

Last Answer : Construction: The basic components of solar power plant are also exactly identical to thermal power plant except the boiler is replaced by solar collector. The arrangement of component is as shown in figure. The ... free iii) iii) Available all over the world. iv) iv) Less maintenance.  

Description : Determine the amount of heat required to produce 1Kg of steam at a pressure of 7 bar, at a temperature 29 degree Celsius, under the following . (i) When the steam is wet having dryness fraction 0.87 (ii) When the steam is dry saturated Assume specific heat = 2.35KJ/KgK 

Last Answer : P 7bar T 29ᵒC x=0.9 m =1kg C p =2.35 KJ/KgK At pressure 7 bar saturation Temp T sat =165 ᵒC h f =697.2 KJ/Kg h fg= 2064.8 KJ/Kg i) Heat required when steam is wet ... ) When the stem is dry saturated hg=hf+hfg =2762 kj Heat actually required = 2762-121.8 = 2640.2 kj

Description : Draw neat labelled sketch of Lamont boiler. 

Last Answer : Lamont boiler

Description : Explain application of conduction and convection mode of heat transfer in automobile.

Last Answer : Applications of conduction1. Fins provided on motor cycle engine 2. Electric fuse cut off 3. Electric heater 4. Carbonisation of coal 5. Melting of iron in blast furnace 6. Fission reactions in ... 5. Radiator - Puts warm air out at the top and draws in cooler air at the bottom.

Description : Write factors used for governing the selection of cogeneration system and state the advantages of cogeneration.

Last Answer : Factor governing the selection of cogeneration system: 1) electrical load matching 2) thermal load matching 3) Electrical load matching 4) Thermal load matching 5)Thermal to electrical energy ... ) Very high efficiency. 4) Reduction in emission of pollutants due to reduced fuel consumption.

Description : One kg of gas occupying 0.1m^3 at pressure of 14 bar is expanded at constant pressure to 0.2m^3. Determine an initial and final temperature of gas. Take Cp=1.008KJ/KgK, Cv =0.72KJ/KgK.

Last Answer : V1=0.1m^3 V2=0.2 m^3 P1=P2=14 bar Cp=1.008 KJ/KgK Cv=0.72 KJ/KgK R=Cp-Cv R=1.008-0.72 R=0.288KJ/KgK Characteristic gas equation,  P1V1=mRT1 14*10^5*0.1=1*288*T1 T1=486.11K For constant pressure process, V1/T1=V2/T2 0.1/486.11=0.2/T2 T2=972.22K

Description : Write the classification of air compressor. 

Last Answer : classification of air compressor

Description : Compare the efficiency of Otto cycle and diesel cycle for same maximum pressure with neat sketch.

Last Answer : Comparison of efficiency of Otto Cycle and Diesel cycle for same pressure ration and same conditions The air-standard Otto and Diesel cycles are drawn on common p-v and T-s diagrams for the same pressure ... for the same pressure ratio Qs(diesel) > Qs(otto) Thus , diesel > otto 

Description : Enlist non-conventional energy sources.

Last Answer : Solar power Hydro-electric power Wind power Tidal power Ocean wave power Geothermal power Ocean thermal power Biomass, Bio-fuel etc.

Description : Write any four application of compressed air in automobile industry.

Last Answer : 1.Operating tools in factories 2. Operating drills and hammers in road building 3. Starting diesel engines 4. Operating brakes on buses, trucks and trains 5. Spray painting 6. Excavating 7. To clean the large workshops

Description : State any four requirements of good fuel

Last Answer : 1. It should have high calorific value. 2. An ideal fuel should have moderate ignition temperature. 3. Its moisture content should be low. 4. It should evolve large amount of heat when it burnt. 5. Moderate velocity of combustion. 6. Easy to transport 7. Low cost.

Description : Define calorific value of fuel and state its unit.

Last Answer : “Calorific value” of fuel: It is defined as the amount of heat liberated during complete combustion of 1 kg of fuel. It is expressed in terms of KJ/kg.

Description : List the different types of thermodynamic system.

Last Answer : 1- Open system 2- Closed system 3- Isolated system

Description : Draw P-V diagram of Otto cycle.

Last Answer : P-V diagram of Otto cycle :