Description : Which of the following is not an ethical guideline for conducting research with humans? a. Getting informed consent of the participant b. Telling participants they must continue until the study ... Keeping participants' identity anonymous d. Telling participants they are free to withdraw at any time
Last Answer : b. Telling participants they must continue until the study has been completed
Description : Ideally, the research participant's identity is not known to the researcher. This is called: a. Anonymity b. Confidentiality c. Deception d. Desensitizing
Last Answer : a. Anonymity
Description : Identify the term that refers to a post study interview in which all aspects of the study are revealed, reasons for the use of deception are given, and the participants’ questions are answered? a. Desensitizing b. Debriefing c. Dehoaxing d. Deploying
Last Answer : b. Debriefing
Description : A set of principles to guide and assist researchers in deciding which goals are most important and in reconciling conflicting values when conducting research is called ____. a. Research ethics b. Deontological approach c. Utilitarianism d. None of the above
Last Answer : a. Research ethics
Description : What is the primary approach that is used by the IRB to assess the ethical acceptability of a research study? a. Utilitarianism b. Deontology c. Ethical skepticism d. Comparativeism
Last Answer : a. Utilitarianism
Description : GCP provides public assurance that a) Rights and safety of participants are protected b) The rights, safety and wellbeing of research participants are protected and that research data are reliable. c) Results are reliable d) Safety of participant is observed and results are reliable
Last Answer : b) The rights, safety and wellbeing of research participants are protected and that research data are reliable.
Description : Misinforming the subjects for the research purposes is called as follow? a. Anonymity b. Confidentiality c. Scientific misconduct d. Deception
Last Answer : d. Deception
Description : Research never occurred, but data reported is an example of? a. Anonymity b. Confidentiality c. Scientific misconduct d. Deception
Last Answer : c. Scientific misconduct
Description : In which of the following nonrandom sampling techniques does the researcher ask the research participants to identify other potential research participants? a. Snowball b. Convenience c. Purposive d. Quota
Last Answer : a. Snowball
Description : Research participants must give what before they can participate in a study? a. Guidelines b. A commitment c. Informed consent d. Private information
Last Answer : c. Informed consent
Description : The Method section of the research plan typically specifies EXCEPT; a. The research participants b. The results of prior studies that address the phenomena of interest c. The apparatus, instruments, and materials for the research study d. The planned research procedures
Last Answer : b. The results of prior studies that address the phenomena of interes
Description : The research participants are described in detail in which section of the research plan? a. Introduction b. Method c. Data analysis d. Discussion
Last Answer : b. Method
Description : The act of publishing the same data and results in more than one journal or publication refers to which of the following professional issues: a. Partial publication b. Duplicate publication c. Deception d. Full publication
Last Answer : b. Duplicate publication
Description : Researchers use both open-ended and closed-ended questions to collect data. Which of the following statements is true? a. Open-ended questions directly provide quantitative data based on the ... own words d. Closed-ended questions directly provide qualitative data in the participants' own words
Last Answer : c. Open-ended questions provide qualitative data in the participant’s own words
Description : Reliability is most simply known as which of the following? a. Consistency or stability b. Appropriateness of interpretations on the basis of test scores c. Ways in which people are the same d. A rank order of participants on some characteristic
Last Answer : a. Consistency or stability
Description : Let’s say that a test accurately indicates participants’ scores on a future criterion (e.g., the PSAT is used to indicate high-school GPA scores). This test would clearly have which of the following? a. Face validity b. Concurrent validity c. Predictive validity d. Content validity
Last Answer : c. Predictive validity
Description : The actual population of study participants selected from a larger population is known as: a. Target population b. Accessible population c. Population d. Cluster
Last Answer : a. Target population
Description : Which of the following generally cannot be done in qualitative studies conducted in the field? a. Getting informed consent b. Keeping participants from physical harm c. Maintaining consent forms d. Having full anonymity rather than just confidentiality
Last Answer : d. Having full anonymity rather than just confidentiality
Description : What is it called when the participants are not revealed to any one but researcher and staff? a. Confidentiality b. Anonymity c. Ethics d. Discretion
Last Answer : a. Confidentiality
Description : ________ means that the participant's identity, although known to the researcher, is not revealed to anyone outside of the researcher and his or her staff. a. Anonymity b. Confidentiality
Last Answer : b. Confidentiality
Description : Which of the following is not an element of the ethical research? a. Protecting subjects rights b. Obtaining informed consent c. Obtaining institutional approval d. Unbalancing the benefits and the risk in the study
Last Answer : d. Unbalancing the benefits and the risk in the study
Description : The constituents of a seminar are Options: A) Organizer-Chairman-Speakers-Participants B) President-Chairman-Workers C) Chairman-Participant only D) None of the above
Last Answer : A) Organizer-Chairman-Speakers-Participants
Description : If a research finding is statistically significant, then ____. a. The observed result is probably not due to chance b. The observed result cannot possibly be due to chance c. The observed result is probably a chance result d. The null hypothesis of “no relationship” is probably true
Last Answer : a. The observed result is probably not due to chance
Description : Autonomy in clinical studied is defined as a) Freedom, dignity and confidentiality of the subject; right to choose i.e. whether or not to participate in the trial or to continue with ... . d) Observance of fairness, honesty and impartiality in obtaining, analyzing & communicating the data.
Last Answer : a) Freedom, dignity and confidentiality of the subject; right to choose i.e. whether or not to participate in the trial or to continue with it.
Description : A hypothesis which states the relationship among three or more variables is called as a. Simple Hypothesis b. Complex Hypothesis c. Research Hypothesis d. Non directional Hypothesis
Last Answer : b. Complex Hypothesis
Description : Which of the following is known as a clear statement of the specific aim or goal of the study a. Research Question b. Research objective c. Research Purpose d. Research Problem
Last Answer : c. Research Purpose
Description : Which of the following is not one of the 4 major approaches to qualitative research? a. Ethnography b. Phenomenology c. Case study d. Nonexperimental
Last Answer : d. Nonexperimental
Description : A researcher studies a Kashmiri group for a six month period to learn all about them so he can write a book about that particular tribe. What type of research will he likely be conducting? a. Ethnography b. Phenomenology c. Grounded theory d. Collective case study
Last Answer : a. Ethnography
Description : The type of qualitative research that describes the culture of a group of people is called; a. Phenomenology b. Grounded theory c. Ethnography d. Case study
Last Answer : c. Ethnography
Description : In which qualitative research approach is the primary goal to gain access to individuals’ inner worlds of experience? a. Phenomenology b. Ethnography c. Grounded theory d. Case study
Last Answer : a. Phenomenology
Description : ________ is a study of human consciousness and individuals’ experience of some phenomenon. a. Phenomenology b. Ethnography c. Grounded theory d. Case study research
Description : Which of the following has contributed to the development of many middle range theories of phenomena relevant to nurses? a. Historical research b. Phenomenological Research c. Grounded theory d. Ethnography Research
Last Answer : c. Grounded theory
Description : A research is undertaken to answer questions about causes, effects, or trends relating to past events that may shed light on present behaviors or practices is called as; a. Historical research b. Phenomenological Research c. Grounded theory d. Ethnography Research
Last Answer : a. Historical research
Description : Which of the following is not phase of qualitative research? a. Orientation and overview b. Focused exploration c. Conformation and Closure d. Orientation and closure
Last Answer : a. Orientation and overview
Description : Which of the following focuses on individuals’ interpretation of their experience & the ways in which they express them? a. Historical research b. Phenomenological Research c. Grounded theory d. Ethnography Research
Last Answer : b. Phenomenological Research
Description : Which of the following is usually not a characteristic of qualitative research? a. Design flexibility b. Dynamic systems c. Naturalistic inquiry d. Deductive design
Last Answer : c. Naturalistic inquiry
Description : Which of the following is a characteristic of qualitative research? a. Design flexibility b. Inductive analysis c. Context sensitivity d. All of the above
Last Answer : d. All of the above
Description : Which of the following is characteristic of qualitative research? a. Generalization to the population b. Random sampling c. Unique case orientation d. Standardized tests and measures
Last Answer : c. Unique case orientation
Description : The nursing community’s interest in qualitative research began in; a. Late 1910’s b. Late 1930’s c. Late 1950’s d. Late 1970’s
Last Answer : d. Late 1970’s
Description : Which of the following attempts to understand relationships among phenomena as they naturally occur, without any intervention? a. Ex post facto research b. Experimental research c. Prospective design d. Retrospective design
Last Answer : a. Ex post facto research
Description : The degree to which the components of the research reflect the theory, concept, or variable under study is termed as; a. Design Validity b. Threats to Validity c. Internal validity d. External validity
Last Answer : a. Design Validity
Description : When a researcher starts with the dependent variable and moves backwards, it is called. a. Predictive research b. Retrospective research c. Exploratory research d. Descriptive research
Last Answer : b. Retrospective research
Description : Which one of the following research tests hypotheses and theories in order to explain how and why a phenomenon operates as it does? a. Descriptive b. Predictive c. Explanatory d. Exploratory
Last Answer : c. Explanatory
Description : In an experimental research study, the primary goal is to isolate and identify the effect produced by the ____. a. Dependent variable b. Extraneous variable c. Independent variable d. Confounding variable
Last Answer : c. Independent variable
Description : Which of the following designs permits a comparison of pretest scores to determine the initial equivalence of groups on the pretest before the treatment variable is introduced into the research setting. a. ... control group design c. Posttest-only design with nonequivalent groups d. Both b and c
Last Answer : b. Pretest-posttest control group design
Description : Which is not a direct threat to the internal validity of a research design? a. History b. Testing c. Sampling error d. Differential selection
Last Answer : c. Sampling error
Description : Which strategy used to promote qualitative research validity uses multiple research methods to study a phenomenon? a. Data triangulation b. Methods triangulation c. Theory triangulation d. Member checking
Last Answer : b. Methods triangulation
Description : The use of multiple data sources to help understand a phenomenon is one strategy that is used to promote qualitative research validity. Which of the following terms describes this strategy? a. Data matching b. Pattern matching c. Data triangulation d. Data feedback
Last Answer : c. Data triangulation
Description : The nonrandom sampling type that involves selecting a convenience sample from a population with a specific set of characteristics for your research study is called _____. a. Convenience sampling b. Quota sampling c. Purposive sampling d. Snowball sampling
Last Answer : c. Purposive sampling
Description : The process of drawing a sample from a population is known as _________. a. Sampling b. Census c. Survey research d. None of the above
Last Answer : a. Sampling