Description : Choose the correct statement about nonopioid analgesics: A. All have antiinflammatory property B. All lack dependence producing liability C. All act exclusively at peripheral pain mechanisms D. All inhibit prostaglandin synthesis
Last Answer : B. All lack dependence producing liability
Description : Assertion : Kidneys maintain the osmotic concentration of the blood . Reason : Kidneys eliminate either hypotonic or hypertonic urine according to the
Last Answer : Assertion : Kidneys maintain the osmotic concentration of the blood . Reason : Kidneys eliminate either ... D. If both Assertion and Reason are false
Description : The final concentration of the fluid to produce a markedly hypertonic urine takes place in (a) Loop of Henle (b) Distal convoluted tubule (c) Collecting tubule (d) Both (b) and (c)
Last Answer : Ans:(c)
Description : Human urine as compared to human blood is (a) hypotonic (b) hypertonic (c) isotonic (d) all of these
Last Answer : Ans:(b)
Description : Which is false regarding freshwater fish? a) their blood is hypertonic to their environment b) they often actively take up salt c) they excrete urine hypotonic to the blood d) their gills actively excrete salts
Last Answer : ANSWER: D -- THEIR GILLS ACTIVELY EXCRETE SALTS
Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning septic shock? a. The clinical picture of gram negative septic shock is specifically different than shock associated with ... mechanisms of intrinsic expansion of the circulating blood volume, exogenous volume resuscitation is necessary
Last Answer : Answer: d The clinical findings in sepsis and septic shock represent the host response to infection. Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, viruses, fungi, rickettsiae, and ... intravascular volume, exogenous volume resuscitation must be provided to restore venous return and ventricular filling
Description : Which one of the following statements is incorrect? (a) The principle of countercurrent flow facilitates efficient respiration in gills of fishes. (b) The residual air in lungs slightly decreases the ... in birds. (d) In insects, circulating body fluids serve to distribute oxygen to tissues.
Last Answer : (b) The residual air in lungs slightly decreases the efficiency of respiration in mammals.
Description : What are three mechanisms for reproductive isolation Which mechanism isolates two populations of similar frogs with different mating calls?
Last Answer : Need answer
Description : The primary mechanism underlying the resistance of gram-positive organisms to macrolide antibiotics is (a) Methylation of binding sites on the 50S ribosomal subunit (b) Formation of ... ) Formation of drug-inactivating acetyltranferases (e) Decreased drug permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane
Last Answer : Ans: A
Description : A striking feature of living cells is a marked difference between the composition of the cytosol and the extracellular milieu. Which of the following statement(s) concerning the mechanisms of maintenance ... d. The selectivity of cell membranes relates only to ions and not organic compounds
Last Answer : Answer: a The survival of the cell requires that cytosolic composition be maintained within narrow limits, despite the constant influx of nutrients and the simultaneous outflow of waste. A ... be altered drastically as a result of regulatory or signaling processes that occur within the cell
Description : Which of the following are antimicrobial defense mechanisms in the urethra? a. size and length of the urethra b. shedding of cells in the mucosal lining and bacteria with urination c. normally basic urine d. A-C are correct
Last Answer : b. shedding of cells in the mucosal lining and bacteria with urination
Description : Answer: b Metabolic response to injury results in increased energy expenditure. If energy intake is less than expenditure, oxidation of body fat stores and erosion of lean body mass will occur ... requirements, caloric requirements should be distributed at a ratio of 70% as glucose and 30% as fat
Last Answer : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning body fuel reserves? a. The largest fuel reserve in the body is skeletal muscle b. Fat provides about 9 calories/gram c. Free glucose and glycogen stores are a trivial fuel reserve d. Body protein is a valuable storage form of energy
Description : The phosphorylation of an antibiotic is an example of which mechanism of resistance? a. Target modification b. Reduced permeability c. Antibiotic inactivation d. Altered metabolic pathway
Last Answer : c. Antibiotic inactivation
Description : The most common mechanism of development of resistance to fluoroquinolones is: A. Chromosomal mutation altering affinity of target site B. Plasmid transfer C. Acquisition of drug destroying enzyme D. Acquisition of alternative metabolic pathway
Last Answer : A. Chromosomal mutation altering affinity of target site
Description : e primary mechanism by which general anaesthetics produce their action is: A. Affecting receptor operated ion channels in cerebral neurones B. Blocking voltage sensitive Na+ channels in neuronal ... activity of cerebral neurones D. Blocking production of high energy phosphates in the brain
Last Answer : A. Affecting receptor operated ion channels in cerebral neurones
Description : In contrast to a patient undergoing an elective operation, which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning a patient who has suffered a multiple trauma? a. Basal metabolic rates are ... is similar to their composition in skeletal muscle d. Fat and protein stores are rapidly depleted
Last Answer : Answer: b, d The degree of hypermetabolism is generally related to the severity of injury. Patients with long-bone fractures have a 15-25% increase in metabolic rate, whereas metabolic ... in injured subjects, if unfed, severely injured patients rapidly deplete their fat and protein stores
Description : Assertion `:-` Analysis of urine helps in clinical diagnosis of many metabolic disorder. ltbr. Reason `:-` Glycosuria is indicative of disabetes insip
Last Answer : Assertion `:-` Analysis of urine helps in clinical diagnosis of many metabolic disorder. ltbr. Reason `: ... D. If both Assertion & Reason are false.
Description : Consider the following problems being faced by the Indian Coal Industry : 1. Poor quality of coal and bottlenecks in the coal movement 2. Low utilisation capacity of washeries 3. Growing dependence on the import of coking coal 4. ... (b) I, II, III and IV (c) I, III and IV (d) I, II and III
Last Answer : Ans: (b)
Description : Consider the following statements: 1. Propagation of a nerve impulse in a myelinated nerve fibre is different from that of unmyelinated fibre. 2. The impulse actually travels by leaping through the nodes of Ranvier in an unmyelinated fibre 3. ... incorrect? (a) 1, 2 (b) 1, 3, 4 (c) 2 only (d) 2, 3
Last Answer : Ans:(d)
Description : The primary mechanism by which antidiuretic hormone reduces urine volume is: A. Decrease in glomerular filtration rate B. Decreased renal blood flow C. Decreased water permeability of descending limb of loop of Henle D. Increased water permeability of collecting duct cells
Last Answer : D. Increased water permeability of collecting duct cells
Description : Which of the following statements about the coagulation cascade is/are true? A. The intrinsic pathway of coagulation is the predominant pathway in vivo for hemostasis and coagulation. ... coagulation abnormalities. D. Deficiencies of factor XII cause severe clinical bleeding syndromes.
Last Answer : Answer: AC DISCUSSION: Although it was previously held that two somewhat distinct pathways existed for the activation of the coagulation cascade, it is now recognized that the predominant ... bleeding. This further emphasizes the secondary role that the intrinsic pathway plays in coagulation
Description : In human body, the cell growth and differentiation are highly controlled and regulated, but in cancer cells. (a) there is breakdown of these regulatory mechanism leading to formation of benign and malignant ... is mutated and produced in less amount (d) DNA is mutated and produced in less amount
Last Answer : Ans:(a)
Description : Maraging steels derive their strength from the following mechanism: (A) A fine, highly dislocated and strong martensite (B) Fine dispersions of inter-metallic of Fe, Ni, Ti etc (C) Fine ... alloy carbides in a ferrite matrix (D) Fine dispersions of Fe3 C nucleated on dislocations in austenite
Last Answer : Option A
Description : Which one of the following statements regarding a catalyst is not correct? A An enzyme is a catalyst that only binds certain substrates. B An enzyme is a protein that is a highly ... increasing the activation energy. D Catalysts do not alter the equilibrium constant for a chemical reaction.
Last Answer : C Catalysts increase the rate of a reaction by altering the mechanism, thereby increasing the activation energy.
Description : Assertion `:-` Human kidneys can produce urine nearly four times concentrated than the initial filtrate formed. Reason `:-` Counter current mechanism
Last Answer : Assertion `:-` Human kidneys can produce urine nearly four times concentrated than the initial filtrate ... D. If both Assertion & Reason are false.
Description : The mechanism of urine formation in nephron involves
Last Answer : The mechanism of urine formation in nephron involves A. Ultrafiltration B. Reproduction C. Diffusion D. Osmosis
Description : Select the incorrect statement regarding mechanism of urine formation in man.
Last Answer : Select the incorrect statement regarding mechanism of urine formation in man. A. Tubular secretion takes ... filtration rate is about 125 mL/min.
Description : Choose the correct statement about methenamine (hexamine): A. It acts by getting converted to mandelic acid in the urinary tract B. It releases formaldehyde in acidic urine which inturn kills ... acute urinary tract infections D. It is the preferred urinary antiseptic in patients with liver disease
Last Answer : B. It releases formaldehyde in acidic urine which inturn kills bacteria
Description : Weakly acidic drugs: A. Are bound primarily to α1 acid glycoprotein in plasma B. Are excreted faster in alkaline urine C. Are highly ionized in the gastric juice D. Do not cross blood-brain barrier
Last Answer : B. Are excreted faster in alkaline urine
Description : The plant cell will shrink when placed in (1) An isotonic solution (2) Hypertonic solution (3) Hypotonic solution (4) Water
Last Answer : (2) Hypertonic solution Explanation: If a plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, the plant cell loses water and hence turgor pressure by plasmolysis: pressure decreases to the point where ... leaving gaps between the cell wall and the membrane and making the plant cell shrink and crumple.
Description : Relationship between hypertonic and plasmolysis? -Biology
Last Answer : answer:
Description : What hypertonic means?
Last Answer : Hyper tonic means when one part of a cell has a higher activityof fluids from the higher chance of solute
Description : From the biological viewpoint, solutions can be grouped into (A) Isotonic solution (B) Hypotonic solutions (C) Hypertonic solution (D) All of these
Last Answer : D
Description : Essential amino acids have been advocated as standard therapy for renal failure. Which of the following statements are true? A. Increased survival from acute renal failure has been reported ... BUN and creatinine to the same degree as solutions containing excessive nonessential amino acids.
Last Answer : Answer: BC DISCUSSION: Essential amino acids and hypertonic dextrose, as opposed to hypertonic dextrose alone, was reported by Abel and co-workers to be associated with a decreased mortality rate ... renal failure have not been carried out in sufficient numbers to yield answers to this question
Description : All of the following statements about hemorrhagic shock are true except: A. Following hemorrhagic shock, there is an initial interstitial fluid volume contraction. B. Dopamine, or a similar inotropic ... shock, a narrowed pulse pressure is commonly seen before a fall in systolic blood pressure.
Last Answer : Answer: BC DISCUSSION: Hemorrhagic shock is associated with a contraction of the interstitial fluid compartment because of precapillary vasoconstriction and reabsorption of interstitial fluid ... definitive evidence that such solutions are better than standard crystalloid solutions is lacking
Description : What are the values of DPD for plant cells under hypertonic ?
Last Answer : isotonic and hypotonic media? In plant cells under hypertonic medium there is loss of water for the exterior, SF > 0 (the vacuolar pressure is high because it is concentrated) and TP = 0 (there ... (since the osmotic pressure is totally compensated by the distension of the cell wall) and DPD =
Description : The fluid reaching the distal convoluted tubule from the ascending limb of Henle's loop is (a) isotonic in respect of plasma (b) hypotonic in respect of plasma (c) hypertonic in respect of plasma (d) variable
Description : A cell increases in volume when it is placed in - (1) Hypertonic solution (2) Hypotonic solution (3) Isotonic solution (4) None of these
Last Answer : (2) Hypotonic solution Explanation: When a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, water rushes into the membrane, increasing the cell's volume. Eventually, the cell's membrane is enlarged such that it pushes against the cell's rigid wall. At this point the cell is said to be turgid.
Description : Swelling/bursting of red cell occurs in a. Isotonic solution b. hypotonic solution c. hypertonic solution d. all
Last Answer : hypotonic solution
Description : Crenation of Red cell occur, in a. Isotonic solution b. hypertonic solution c. hypotonic solution d. all
Last Answer : hypertonic solution
Description : If a bathing fluid has the same osmotic pressure than the cell it called a. Isotonic b. Hypertonic c. hypotonic d. all
Last Answer : Isotonic
Description : If a bathing fluid has higher osmotic pressure than the cell it is called a. Isotonic b. hypotonic c. hypertonic d. all
Last Answer : hypertonic
Description : If a bathing fluid has a lower osmotic pressure than the cell, it is called a. Isotonic b. hypotonic c. hypertonic d. All
Last Answer : hypotonic
Description : Which of the following colloids is expensive but rapidly expands plasma volume? a) Albumin Albumin is a colloid that requires human donors, is limited in supply, and can cause congestive heart failure ... , not a colloid. d) Hypertonic Saline Hypertonic saline is a crystalloid, not a colloid.
Last Answer : a) Albumin Albumin is a colloid that requires human donors, is limited in supply, and can cause congestive heart failure.
Description : Which of the following solutions is hypotonic? a) 0.45% NaCl. Half-strength saline is hypotonic b) Lactated Ringer’s solution. Lactated Ringer’s is isotonic. c) 0.9% NaCl. Normal saline (0.9% NaCl) is isotonic. d) 5% NaCl. A solution that is 5% NaCl is hypertonic.
Last Answer : a) 0.45% NaCl. Half-strength saline is hypotonic
Description : On applying hypertonic fluid on the dentine, the transmission of fluid through tubules will be: A. From inside to outside B. From outside to insid
Last Answer : A. From inside to outside
Description : In osmosis the flow of SOLVENT moves in what direction of tonicity? a) isotonic to hypotonic b) hypotonic to hypertonic c) hypertonic to isotonic d) hypertonic to hypotonic
Last Answer : ANSWER: B -- HYPOTONIC TO HYPERTONIC
Description : A cell increases in volume when it is placed in (1) Hypertonic solution (2) Hypotonic solution (3) Isotonic solution (4) None of these
Last Answer : Hypotonic solution