(i) Difference in the infant mortality rate of Punjab and Kerala: Mortality rate in Punjab: 49 Mortality rate in Kerala: 11 Difference = Mortality rate in Punjab – Mortality rate in Kerala 49 – 11 = 38 Difference = 38 (ii) Difference in literacy rate of Kerala and Bihar: Literacy rate of Kerala = 91 Literacy rate of Bihar = 47 Difference = Literacy rate of Kerala – Literacy rate of Bihar 91 – 47 = 44 Difference = 44 (iii) Bihar has the lowest HDI because: (a) Infant Mortality rate of Bihar is highest i.e., 60 (b) Literacy rate is low in Bihar i.e., 47