Description : The high virus selectivity of acyclovir is due to: A. Its preferential uptake by virus infected cells B. Need of virus specific enzyme for its conversion to the active metabolite C. Its action on ... reverse transcriptase which does not occur in noninfected cells D. Both A' and B' are correct
Last Answer : D. Both ‘A’ and ‘B’ are correct
Description : The antiviral action of amantadine is exerted through: A. Interaction with the viral M2 protein B. Interaction with a virus directed thymidine kinase C. Inhibition of a viral protease enzyme D. Inhibition of viral RNA mediated DNA synthesi
Last Answer : A. Interaction with the viral M2 protein
Description : According to current guidelines, previously untreated symptomatic HIV patients should be treated with: A. Zidovudine alone B. Zidovudine + zalcitabine C. Zidovudine + indinavir D. Any two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors + one protease inhibito
Last Answer : D. Any two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors + one protease inhibitor
Description : Though few in number, some drugs, such as _____, can be used to treat some viral infections. a. penicillin and ampicillin b. isoniazid and dapsone c. amantadine and acyclovir d. streptomycin and amphotericin
Last Answer : c. amantadine and acyclovir
Description : DNA directed RNA polymerase is (A) Replicase (B) Transcriptase (C) Reverse transcriptase (D) Polymerase III
Last Answer : Answer : B
Description : Zidovudine inhibits the following virus/viruses: A. Human immunodeficiency virus B. Cytomegalovirus C. Hepatitis B virus D. Both 'A' and 'B'
Last Answer : A. Human immunodeficiency virus
Description : Choose the correct statement about amantadine: A. It is an antimetabolite used for viral infections B. It prevents penetration of the virus into the host cell C. It is used ... during an influenza A2 epidemic D. Concurrent administration of amantadine prevents antibody response to influenza vaccine
Last Answer : C. It is used to protect high risk subjects during an influenza A2 epidemic
Description : Choose the correct statement about famciclovir: A. It is active against acyclovir resistant strains of herpes simplex virus B. It does not need conversion to an active metabolite C. It is used orally to treat genital herpes simplex D. It is the drug of choice for cytomegalovirus retinitis
Last Answer : C. It is used orally to treat genital herpes simplex
Description : Which of the following viruses is most susceptible to acyclovir: A. Herpes simplex type I virus B. Herpes simplex type II virus C. Varicella-zoster virus D. Epstein-Barr virus
Last Answer : A. Herpes simplex type I virus
Description : The initial regimen for antiretroviral therapy of previously untreated HIV patient consist of: A. Two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) + one protease inhibitor (PI) B. Two NRTIs + one non-NRTI C. Three NRTIs D. Any of the above
Last Answer : D. Any of the above
Description : ndicate the anti-HIV regimen that is generally reserved for advanced cases of AIDS or for repeated treatment failures: A. Two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) + one protease inhibitor (PI) B. Three NRTIs C. Two NRTIs + one non-NRTI D. One NRTI + one non-NRTI + one PI
Last Answer : D. One NRTI + one non-NRTI + one PI
Description : Select the drug which directly inhibits HIV-reverse transcriptase without the need for intracellular activation by phosphorylation: A. Nelfinavir B. Nevirapine C. Stavudine D. Didanosine
Last Answer : B. Nevirapine
Description : In which organism did the reverse transcriptase enzyme which performs DNA synthesis from RNA templates first appear?
Last Answer : Need answer
Description : What are retroviruses? How do they reproduce and what is the role of the enzyme reverse transcriptase?
Last Answer : Retroviruses are viruses whose genetic material is RNA. HIV and the virus of SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) are examples of retrovirus. These viruses inoculate their RNA into the host cell ... virus and it is also inoculated into the host cell. Virus Review - Image Diversity: retrovirus
Description : HIV often changes its shape due to the presence of an enzyme called (1) Reverse Transcriptase (2) Enterokinase (3) Nucleotidase (4) Nucleoditase
Last Answer : (1) Reverse Transcriptase Explanation: Use of the reverse transcriptase enzyme is a unique characteristic of retroviruses such as HIV. After the virus releases its genetic material into a host cell, ... viral RNA into a complementary piece of DNA. This process is known as 'reverse transcription'.
Description : The enzyme reverse transcriptase helps in the
Last Answer : synthesis of DNA in the host cell.
Last Answer : Reverse Transcriptase
Description : At which stage of HIV infection does one usually show symptoms of AIDS? (a) Within 15 days of sexual contact with an infected person (b) When the infected retro virus enters host cells (c) ... large number of helper T - lymphocytes (d) When the viral DNA is produced by reverse transcriptase
Last Answer : (c) When HIV damages large number of helper T - lymphocytes
Description : Which of the following is correct regarding AIDS causative agent HIV? (a) HIV is enveloped virus containing one molecule of single-stranded RNA and one molecule of reverse transcriptase. (b) HIV ... ) HIV is unenveloped retrovirus. (d) HIV does not escape but attacks the acquired immune response
Last Answer : (d) HIV does not escape but attacks the acquired immune response.
Description : Indicate the enzyme(s) inhibited by fluoroquinolones: A. Both 'A' and 'C' B. Topoisomerase II C. Topoisomerase IV D. DNA gyrase
Last Answer : D. DNA gyrase
Description : An AIDS patient treated with zidovudine + lamivudine + nelfinavir developed intolerable adverse effects. Then: A. Dose of all three drugs should be reduced to half B. All three drugs should be stopped or substituted simultaneously C. The drugs should be stopped one by one D. Two drugs sh
Last Answer : B. All three drugs should be stopped or substituted simultaneously
Description : Choose the correct statement(s) about retroviral protease inhibitors: A. They act at an early step in HIV replication B. They are more active in inhibiting HIV than zidovudine C. They inhibit CYP3A4 and interact with many other drugs D. Both 'B' and 'C' are correct
Last Answer : D. Both 'B' and 'C' are correct
Description : The following anti-HIV drug should not be combined with zidovudine because of mutual antagonism: A. Stavudine B. Lamivudine C. Nevirapine D. Ritonavir
Last Answer : A. Stavudine
Description : Currently, monotherapy with zidovudine is recommended for: A. Asymptomatic HIV positive subjects with CD4 cell count more than 200/μl B. Asymptomatic HIV positive subjects with CD4 cell count less than 200/μl C. HIV positive subjects with opportunistic infection D. None of the above
Last Answer : D. None of the above
Description : Indicate the drug(s) that is/are used to treat chronic hepatitis B: A. Human interferon α B. Lamivudine C. Amantadine D. Both 'A' and 'B'
Last Answer : D. Both 'A' and 'B'
Description : Which of the following drugs has mild antiparkinsonian action of its own, prolongs levodopa action and allows reduction of its dose by about 25%: A. Benserazide B. Selegiline C. Amantadine D. Pyridoxine
Last Answer : B. Selegiline
Description : The following drug is added to levodopa therapy of parkinsonism to attenuate ‘wearing off’ effect: A. Selegiline B. Trihexiphenidyl C. Amantadine D. Any of the abov
Last Answer : A. Selegiline
Description : Tolerance to the antiparkinsonian action develops most rapidly in the case of: A. Levodopa B. Levodopa + carbidopa C. Amantadine D. Bromocriptine
Last Answer : C. Amantadine
Description : The antiparkinsonian drug which acts by inhibiting the degradation of dopamine in the brain is: A. Carbidopa B. Amantadine C. Selegiline D. Bromocriptine
Last Answer : C. Selegiline
Description : The following drug combination should not be used in parkinsonism: A. Levodopa + anticholinergics B. Levodopa + amantadine C. Bromocriptine + levodopa D. Amantadine + anticholinergics
Last Answer : D. Amantadine + anticholinergics
Description : RNA directed DNA polymerase is (A) Replicase (B) Transcriptase (C) Reversetranscriptase (D) Polymerase–III
Last Answer : Answer : C
Description : Though the following drug reduces HIV titre, it is used only to treat associated cytomegalovirus infection in AIDS patients: A. Didanosine B. Foscarnet C. Acyclovir D. Saquinavir
Last Answer : B. Foscarnet
Description : Ganciclovir is preferred over acyclovir in the following condition: A. Herpes simplex keratitis B. Herpes zoster C. Chickenpox D. Cytomegalovirus retinitis in AIDS patient
Last Answer : D. Cytomegalovirus retinitis in AIDS patients
Description : What is true of acyclovir treatment of genital herpes simplex: A. Topical treatment affords symptomatic relief in primary as well as recurrent disease B. Oral therapy for 10 days affords ... does not prevent recurrences D. Continuous long-term topical therapy is recommended to prevent recurrences
Last Answer : C. Oral therapy for 10 days affords symptomatic relief but does not prevent recurrences
Description : Which one of the following drugs is most effective in preventing transmission of HIV virus from the mother to the foetus? (A) Lamivudine (B) Zidovudine (C) Indinavir (D) Ribavirin
Last Answer : (B) Zidovudine
Description : Which of the following is a drug that interferes with the process of DNA production in the virus A- A.Erythromycin B- Vancomycin C- Amantadine D- Acyclovi
Last Answer : Acyclovi
Description : Clinically, the angiotensin antagonists share the following features of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors except: A. Antihypertensive efficacy B. Potential to reverse left ventricular hypertrophy ... of effect on carbohydrate tolerance D. Potential to induce cough in susceptible individuals
Last Answer : D. Potential to induce cough in susceptible individuals
Description : Advantages of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors as antihypertensive include the following except: A. They tend to reverse left ventricular hypertrophy B. Their efficacy is not reduced by nonsteroidal ... . They do not worsen blood lipid profile D. They do not impair work performance
Last Answer : B. Their efficacy is not reduced by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
Description : The patient with Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) encephalitis is receiving acyclovir (Zovirax). The nurse monitors blood chemistry test results and urinary output for a) renal complications related to ... output will alert the nurse to the presence of renal complications related to acyclovir therapy.
Last Answer : a) renal complications related to acyclovir therapy. Monitoring of blood chemistry test results and urinary output will alert the nurse to the presence of renal complications related to acyclovir therapy.
Description : Another name for reverse transcriptase is (A) DNA dependent DNA polymerase (B) DNA dependent RNA polymerase (C) RNA dependent DNA polymerase (D) RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Description : The only correct statement about oncoviruses is (A) All the oncoviruses are RNA viruses (B) Reverse transcriptase is present in all oncoviruses (C) Viral oncogenes are identical to human protooncogens (D) Both DNA and RNA viruses can be oncoviruses
Last Answer : Answer : D
Description : Reverse transcriptase catalyses (A) Synthesis of RNA (B) Breakdown of RNA (C) Synthesis of DNA (D) Breakdown of DNA
Description : All of the following statements about RNA-dependent DNA polymerase are true except: (A) It synthesizes DNA using RNA as a template (B) It is also known as reverse transcriptase (C) It synthesizes DNA in 5’→3’ direction (D) It is present in all the viruses
Description : Reverse transcriptase activity is present in the eukaryotic: (A) DNA polymerase α (B) DNA polymerase γ (C) Telomerase (D) DNA polymerase II
Description : Reverse transcriptase is capable of synthesising (A) RNA → DNA (B) DNA → RNA (C) RNA → RNA (D) DNA → DNA
Last Answer : Answer : A
Description : RNA interference involves (a) synthesis of cDNA and RNA using reverse transcriptase (b) silencing of specific mRNA due to complementary RNA (c) interference of RNA in synthesis of DNA (d) synthesis of mRNA from DNA
Last Answer : (b) silencing of specific mRNA due to complementary RNA
Description : The following are true about DNA synthesis: a. it requires DNA polymerase b. reverse transcriptase enzymes are involved c. moves in a 5'---> 3' direction d. the rate of error in DNA synthesis is 1 in 105 base pairs
Last Answer : it requires DNA polymerase
Description : Which one of the following makes use of RNA template to synthesise DNA? (a) DNA polymerase (b) RNA polymerase (c) Reverse transcriptase (d) DNA dependant RNA polymerase
Last Answer : c) Reverse transcriptase
Description : Which of the following viruses is a retrovirus with reverse transcriptase? a. HPV b. polio c. HIV d. Ebola
Last Answer : c. HIV
Description : Retroviruses are so-named because their reverse transcriptase _____. a. reverses the flow of genetic information by stimulating information to proceed from RNA to DNA. b. reverses the normal ... the action of drugs on viruses and allows them to continue multiplying in living cells.
Last Answer : a. reverses the flow of genetic information by stimulating information to proceed from RNA to DNA.