(i) Print culture led to publication of most papers in Vernacular languages. Many more journals were published after 1870. (ii) These journals and newspapers published cartoons and caricatures criticising imperial rule and commented on social and political issues. The vernacular newspapers like Tilak’s Kesari and Maratha became assertively nationalist and reported on colonial misrule and encouraged nationalism. (iii) The repressive measures passed by the British government provoked militant protest. Tilak was imprisoned for writing about them in his Kesari, in 1908. It led to widespread protests. Print helped the leaders to carry their ideas to people across India, brought them closer and helped the growth of nationalism.