What is the output of the following? i = 1 while True: if i%2 == 0: break print(i) i += 2 a) 1 Page No 13 b) 1 2 c) 1 2 3 4 5 6 … d) 1 3 5 7 9 11 …

What is the output of the following? i = 1  while True:   if i%2 == 0:   break   print(i)   i += 2  a) 1 Page No 13  b) 1 2  c) 1 2 3 4 5 6 …  d) 1 3 5 7 9 11 …
by

1 Answer

Answer :

d) 1 3 5 7 9 11 …
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Related questions

What is the output of the following? i = 1 while False: if i%2 == 0: break print(i) i += 2 a) 1 b) 1 3 5 7 … c) 1 2 3 4 … d) none of the mentioned

Description : What is the output of the following? i = 1 while False: if i%2 == 0: break print(i) i += 2 a) 1 b) 1 3 5 7 … c) 1 2 3 4 … d) none of the mentioned

Last Answer : d) none of the mentioned

What is the output of the following? i = 5 while True: if i%0O9 == 0: break print(i) i += 1 a) 5 6 7 8 b) 5 6 7 8 9 c) 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 …. d) error

Description : What is the output of the following? i = 5 while True: if i%0O9 == 0: break print(i) i += 1 a) 5 6 7 8 b) 5 6 7 8 9 c) 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 …. d) error

Last Answer : d) error

hat is the output of the following? i = 5 while True: if i%0O11 == 0: Page No 12 break print(i) i += 1 a) 5 6 7 8 9 10 b) 5 6 7 8 c) 5 6 d) error

Description : hat is the output of the following? i = 5 while True: if i%0O11 == 0: Page No 12 break print(i) i += 1 a) 5 6 7 8 9 10 b) 5 6 7 8 c) 5 6 d) error

Last Answer : b) 5 6 7 8

What is the output of the following? i = 1 Page No 11 while True: if i%3 == 0: break print(i) i + = 1 a) 1 2 b) 1 2 3 c) error d) none of the mentioned

Description : What is the output of the following? i = 1 Page No 11 while True: if i%3 == 0: break print(i) i + = 1 a) 1 2 b) 1 2 3 c) error d) none of the mentioned

Last Answer : c) error

What is the output of the following? i = 1 while True: if i%0O7 == 0: break print(i) i += 1 a) 1 2 3 4 5 6 b) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 c) error d) none of the mentioned

Description : What is the output of the following? i = 1 while True: if i%0O7 == 0: break print(i) i += 1 a) 1 2 3 4 5 6 b) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 c) error d) none of the mentioned

Last Answer : a) 1 2 3 4 5 6

What is the output of the following? i = 2 while True: if i%3 == 0: break print(i) i += 2 a) 2 4 6 8 10 … b) 2 4 c) 2 3 d) error

Description : What is the output of the following? i = 2 while True: if i%3 == 0: break print(i) i += 2 a) 2 4 6 8 10 … b) 2 4 c) 2 3 d) error

Last Answer : b) 2 4

What is the output of the following? i = 0 while i < 3: Page No 15 print(i) i += 1 else: print(0) a) 0 1 2 3 0 b) 0 1 2 0 c) 0 1 2 d) error

Description : What is the output of the following? i = 0 while i < 3: Page No 15 print(i) i += 1 else: print(0) a) 0 1 2 3 0 b) 0 1 2 0 c) 0 1 2 d) error

Last Answer : b) 0 1 2 0

What is the output of the following? True = False while True: print(True) break a) True b) False c) None d) none of the mentioned

Description : What is the output of the following? True = False while True: print(True) break a) True b) False c) None d) none of the mentioned

Last Answer : b) False

What is the output of the following? i = 0 while i < 5: print(i) i += 1 if i == 3: break else: print(0) a) 0 1 2 0 b) 0 1 2 c) error d) none of the mentioned

Description : What is the output of the following? i = 0 while i < 5: print(i) i += 1 if i == 3: break else: print(0) a) 0 1 2 0 b) 0 1 2 c) error d) none of the mentioned

Last Answer : b) 0 1 2

Suppose that the virtual Address space has eight pages and physical memory with four page frames. If LRU page replacement algorithm is used, .............. number of page faults occur with the reference string. 0 2 1 3 5 4 6 3 7 4 7 3 3 5 5 3 1 1 1 7 2 3 4 1 (A) 11 (B) 12 (C) 10 (D) 9

Description : Suppose that the virtual Address space has eight pages and physical memory with four page frames. If LRU page replacement algorithm is used, .............. number of page faults occur with the reference string. 0 2 1 3 5 4 6 3 7 4 7 3 3 5 5 3 1 1 1 7 2 3 4 1 (A) 11 (B) 12 (C) 10 (D) 9

Last Answer : (A) 11

What will be the output? numberGames = {} numberGames[(1,2,4)] = 8 numberGames[(4,2,1)] = 10 numberGames[(1,2)] = 12 sum = 0 for k in numberGames: sum += numberGames[k] print len(numberGames) + sum Page No 36 a) 30 b) 24 c) 33 d) 12

Description : What will be the output? numberGames = {} numberGames[(1,2,4)] = 8 numberGames[(4,2,1)] = 10 numberGames[(1,2)] = 12 sum = 0 for k in numberGames: sum += numberGames[k] print len(numberGames) + sum Page No 36 a) 30 b) 24 c) 33 d) 12

Last Answer : a) 30

What is the output of the following? print("xyyzxyzxzxyy".count('yy')) a) 2 b) 0 Page No 23 c) error d) none of the mentioned

Description : What is the output of the following? print("xyyzxyzxzxyy".count('yy')) a) 2 b) 0 Page No 23 c) error d) none of the mentioned

Last Answer : a) 2

What is the output of the following? d = {0: 'a', 1: 'b', 2: 'c'} for i in d: print(i) Page No 18 a) 0 1 2 b) a b c c) 0 a 1 b 2 c d) none of the mentioned

Description : What is the output of the following? d = {0: 'a', 1: 'b', 2: 'c'} for i in d: print(i) Page No 18 a) 0 1 2 b) a b c c) 0 a 1 b 2 c d) none of the mentioned

Last Answer : a) 0 1 2

What is the output of the following code? a={1:"A",2:"B",3:"C"} b={4:"D",5:"E"} a.update(b) print(a) a) {1: ‘A’, 2: ‘B’, 3: ‘C’} Page No 44 b) Method update() doesn’t exist for dictionaries c) {1: ‘A’, 2: ‘B’, 3: ‘C’, 4: ‘D’, 5: ‘E’} d) {4: ‘D’, 5: ‘E’}

Description : What is the output of the following code? a={1:"A",2:"B",3:"C"} b={4:"D",5:"E"} a.update(b) print(a) a) {1: ‘A’, 2: ‘B’, 3: ‘C’} b) Method update() doesn’t exist for dictionaries c) {1: ‘A’, 2: ‘B’, 3: ‘C’, 4: ‘D’, 5: ‘E’} d) {4: ‘D’, 5: ‘E’}

Last Answer : c) {1: ‘A’, 2: ‘B’, 3: ‘C’, 4: ‘D’, 5: ‘E’}

What is the output when following statement is executed ? >>>print('new' 'line') a) Error b) Output equivalent to print ‘new\nline’ Page No 22 c) newline d) new line

Description : What is the output when following statement is executed ? >>>print('new' 'line') a) Error b) Output equivalent to print ‘new\nline’ Page No 22 c) newline d) new line

Last Answer : c) newline

What is the output of the following? x = 'abcd' for i in range(len(x)): x = 'a' print(x) Page No 17 a) a b) abcd abcd abcd c) a a a a d) none of the mentioned

Description : What is the output of the following? x = 'abcd' for i in range(len(x)): x = 'a' print(x) Page No 17 a) a b) abcd abcd abcd c) a a a a d) none of the mentioned

Last Answer : c) a a a a

What is the output when following code is executed ? names1 = ['Amir', 'Bear', 'Charlton', 'Daman'] names2 = names1 names3 = names1[:] names2[0] = 'Alice' names3[1] = 'Bob' sum = 0 for ls in (names1, names2, names3): if ls[0] == 'Alice': sum += 1 if ls[1] == 'Bob': sum += 10 print sum a) 11 b) 12 c) 21 d) 22

Description : What is the output when following code is executed ? names1 = ['Amir', 'Bear', 'Charlton', 'Daman'] names2 = names1 names3 = names1[:] names2[0] = 'Alice' names3[1] = 'Bob' sum = 0 for ls in (names1, names2, names3): ... if ls[1] == 'Bob': sum += 10 print sum a) 11 b) 12 c) 21 d) 22

Last Answer : d) 22

What is the output of the following? print("xyyzxyzxzxyy".count('xyy', 2, 11)) a) 2 b) 0 c) 1 d) error

Description : What is the output of the following? print("xyyzxyzxzxyy".count('xyy', 2, 11)) a) 2 b) 0 c) 1 d) error

Last Answer : b) 0

Let A and B be two fuzzy integers defined as: A={(1,0.3), (2,0.6), (3,1), (4,0.7), (5,0.2)} B={(10,0.5), (11,1), (12,0.5)} Using fuzzy arithmetic operation given by Image (A) {(11,0.8), (13,1), (15,1)} (B) {(11,0.3), (12,0.5), (13,1), (14,1), (15,1), (16,0.5), (17,0.2)} (C) {(11,0.3), (12,0.5), (13,0.6), (14,1), (15,1), (16,0.5), (17,0.2)} (D) {(11,0.3), (12,0.5), (13,0.6), (14,1), (15,0.7), (16,0.5), (17,0.2)}

Description : Let A and B be two fuzzy integers defined as: A={(1,0.3), (2,0.6), (3,1), (4,0.7), (5,0.2)} B={(10,0.5), (11,1), (12,0.5)} Using fuzzy arithmetic operation given by (A) {(11,0.8), (13,1), (15,1)} ( ... ,0.2)} (D) {(11,0.3), (12,0.5), (13,0.6), (14,1), (15,0.7), (16,0.5), (17,0.2)}

Last Answer : (D) {(11,0.3), (12,0.5), (13,0.6), (14,1), (15,0.7), (16,0.5), (17,0.2)}

Compute the value of adding the following two fuzzy integers: A = {(0.3,1), (0.6,2), (1,3), (0.7,4), (0.2,5)} B = {(0.5,11), (1,12), (0.5,13)} Where fuzzy addition is defined as μA+B(z) = maxx+y=z (min(μA(x), μB(x))) Then, f(A+B) is equal to (A) {(0.5,12), (0.6,13), (1,14), (0.7,15), (0.7,16), (1,17), (1,18)} (B) {(0.5,12), (0.6,13), (1,14), (1,15), (1,16), (1,17), (1,18)} (C) {(0.3,12), (0.5,13), (0.5,14), (1,15), (0.7,16), (0.5,17), (0.2,18)} (D) {(0.3,12), (0.5,13), (0.6,14), (1,15), (0.7,16), (0.5,17), (0.2,18)}

Description : Compute the value of adding the following two fuzzy integers: A = {(0.3,1), (0.6,2), (1,3), (0.7,4), (0.2,5)} B = {(0.5,11), (1,12), (0.5,13)} Where fuzzy addition is defined as μA+B(z) = maxx+y=z (min(μA(x), μB( ... ,18)} (D) {(0.3,12), (0.5,13), (0.6,14), (1,15), (0.7,16), (0.5,17), (0.2,18)}

Last Answer : (D) {(0.3,12), (0.5,13), (0.6,14), (1,15), (0.7,16), (0.5,17), (0.2,18)} 

What will be the output? >>>my_tuple = (1, 2, 3, 4) >>>my_tuple.append( (5, 6, 7) ) >>>print len(my_tuple) a) 1 b) 2 c) 5 d) Error

Description : What will be the output? >>>my_tuple = (1, 2, 3, 4) >>>my_tuple.append( (5, 6, 7) ) >>>print len(my_tuple) a) 1 b) 2 c) 5 d) Error

Last Answer : c) 5

What is the output of the following? x = "abcdef" i = "i" while i in x: print(i, end=" ") a) no output b) i i i i i i … c) a b c d e f

Description : What is the output of the following? x = "abcdef" i = "i" while i in x: print(i, end=" ") a) no output b) i i i i i i … c) a b c d e f

Last Answer : a) no output

Consider a program that consists of 8 pages (from 0 to 7) and we have 4 page frames in the physical memory for the pages. The page reference string is : 1 2 3 2 5 6 3 4 6 3 7 3 1 5 3 6 3 4 2 4 3 4 5 1 The number of page faults in LRU and optimal page replacement algorithms are respectively (without including initial page faults to fill available page frames with pages): (A) 9 and 6 (B) 10 and 7 (C) 9 and 7 (D) 10 and 6

Description : Consider a program that consists of 8 pages (from 0 to 7) and we have 4 page frames in the physical memory for the pages. The page reference string is :  1 2 3 2 5 6 3 4 6 3 7 3 1 5 3 6 3 4 2 4 3 4 5 ... to fill available page frames with pages): (A) 9 and 6 (B) 10 and 7 (C) 9 and 7 (D) 10 and 6

Last Answer : (B) 10 and 7

What is the output of the following? x = "abcdef" while i in x: print(i, end=" ") a) a b c d e f b) abcdef c) i i i i i i … d) error

Description : What is the output of the following? x = "abcdef" while i in x: print(i, end=" ") a) a b c d e f b) abcdef c) i i i i i i … d) error

Last Answer : d) error

What will be the output? d1 = {"john":40, "peter":45} Page No 40 d2 = {"john":466, "peter":45} d1 == d2 a) True b) False c) None d) Error

Description : What will be the output? d1 = {"john":40, "peter":45} Page No 40 d2 = {"john":466, "peter":45} d1 == d2 a) True b) False c) None d) Error

Last Answer : b) False

Which one of the following array represents a binary max-heap? (A) [26, 13, 17, 14, 11, 9, 15] (B) [26, 15, 14, 17, 11, 9, 13] (C) [26, 15, 17, 14, 11, 9, 13] (D) [26, 15, 13, 14, 11, 9, 17]

Description : Which one of the following array represents a binary max-heap? (A) [26, 13, 17, 14, 11, 9, 15] (B) [26, 15, 14, 17, 11, 9, 13] (C) [26, 15, 17, 14, 11, 9, 13] (D) [26, 15, 13, 14, 11, 9, 17]

Last Answer : (C) [26, 15, 17, 14, 11, 9, 13]

A job has four pages A, B, C, D and the main memory has two page frames only. The job needs to process its pages in following order: ABACABDBACD Assuming that a page interrupt occurs when a new page is brought in the main memory, irrespective of whether the page is swapped out or not. The number of page interrupts in FIFO and LRU page replacement algorithms are (A) 9 and 7 (B) 7 and 6 (C) 9 and 8 (D) 8 and 6

Description : A job has four pages A, B, C, D and the main memory has two page frames only. The job needs to process its pages in following order: ABACABDBACD Assuming that a page interrupt occurs when a new page is brought in the main ... replacement algorithms are (A) 9 and 7 (B) 7 and 6 (C) 9 and 8 (D) 8 and 6

Last Answer : (C) 9 and 8

The average of 12 numbers is 7.9. The average of 5 of them is 6.8, while the average of other five is 7.7. what is the average of the remaining 2 numbers? A) 10.25 B) 11.15 C) 12.65 D) 13.25

Description : The average of 12 numbers is 7.9. The average of 5 of them is 6.8, while the average of other five is 7.7. what is the average of the remaining 2 numbers? A) 10.25 B) 11.15 C) 12.65 D) 13.25

Last Answer : B) Sum of the remaining 2 numbers = [(12 * 7.9) – (586.8) – (5*7.7)]  = 94.8 – 34 – 38.5  = 22.3  Required average = 22.3 / 2  = 11.15

What is the output of the following? print("xyyzxyzxzxyy".count('xyy', -10, -1)) a) 2 b) 0 c) 1 d) error

Description : What is the output of the following? print("xyyzxyzxzxyy".count('xyy', -10, -1)) a) 2 b) 0 c) 1 d) error

Last Answer : b) 0

What is the output of the following? print("xyyzxyzxzxyy".count('xyy', 0, 100)) a) 2 b) 0 c) 1 d) error

Description : What is the output of the following? print("xyyzxyzxzxyy".count('xyy', 0, 100)) a) 2 b) 0 c) 1 d) error

Last Answer : a) 2

What is the output of the following? print("xyyzxyzxzxyy".count('yy', 2)) a) 2 b) 0 c) 1 d) none of the mentioned

Description : What is the output of the following? print("xyyzxyzxzxyy".count('yy', 2)) a) 2 b) 0 c) 1 d) none of the mentioned

Last Answer : c)

What is the output of the following? print("xyyzxyzxzxyy".count('yy', 1)) a) 2 b) 0 c) 1 d) none of the mentioned

Description : What is the output of the following? print("xyyzxyzxzxyy".count('yy', 1)) a) 2 b) 0 c) 1 d) none of the mentioned

Last Answer : a) 2

What is the output of the following? x = 'abcd' for i in range(len(x)): i.upper() print (x) a) a b c d b) 0 1 2 3 c) error d) none of the mentioned

Description : What is the output of the following? x = 'abcd' for i in range(len(x)): i.upper() print (x) a) a b c d b) 0 1 2 3 c) error d) none of the mentioned

Last Answer : c) error

The output generated by the LINUX command : $ seq 1 2 10 will be (A) 1 2 10 (B) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 (C) 1 3 5 7 9 (D) 1 5 10

Description : The output generated by the LINUX command : $ seq 1 2 10 will be (A) 1 2 10 (B) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 (C) 1 3 5 7 9 (D) 1 5 10

Last Answer : (C) 1 3 5 7 9

What is the output of the following code? a={1:"A",2:"B",3:"C"} print(a.setdefault(3)) a) {1: ‘A’, 2: ‘B’, 3: ‘C’} b) C c) {1: 3, 2: 3, 3: 3} d) No method called setdefault() exists for dictionary

Description : What is the output of the following code? a={1:"A",2:"B",3:"C"} print(a.setdefault(3)) a) {1: ‘A’, 2: ‘B’, 3: ‘C’} b) C c) {1: 3, 2: 3, 3: 3} d) No method called setdefault() exists for dictionary

Last Answer : b) C

In a demand paging memory system, page table is held in registers. The time taken to service a page fault is 8 m.sec. if an empty frame is available or if the replaced page is not modified, and it takes 20 m.secs., if the replaced page is modified. What is the average access time to service a page fault assuming that the page to be replaced is modified 70% of the time ? (A) 11.6 m.sec. (B) 16.4 m.sec. (C) 28 m.sec. (D) 14 m.sec.

Description : In a demand paging memory system, page table is held in registers. The time taken to service a page fault is 8 m.sec. if an empty frame is available or if the replaced page is not modified, and it takes 20 m.secs., if the replaced ... ? (A) 11.6 m.sec. (B) 16.4 m.sec. (C) 28 m.sec. (D) 14 m.sec.

Last Answer : (B) 16.4 m.sec. 

A software company needs to develop a project that is estimated as 1000 function points and is planning to use JAVA as the programming language whose approximate lines of code per function point is accepted as 50. Considering a=1.4 as multiplicative factor, b=1.0 as exponention factor for the basic COCOMO effort equation and c=3.0 as multiplicative factor, d=0.33 as exponention factor for the basic COCOMO duration equation, approximately how long does the project take to complete? (1) 11.2 months (2) 12.2 months (3) 13.2 months (4) 10.2 months

Description : A software company needs to develop a project that is estimated as 1000 function points and is planning to use JAVA as the programming language whose approximate lines of code per function point is accepted as 50. Considering a=1. ... ? (1) 11.2 months (2) 12.2 months (3) 13.2 months (4) 10.2 months

Last Answer : Generally, any projects are measured in weeks. However, the complex project might take more time depending on the level of object re-use available.

What is the output when following code is executed ? >>>list1 = [11, 2, 23] >>>list2 = [11, 2, 2] >>>list1 < list2 is a) True b) False c) Error d) None

Description : What is the output when following code is executed ? >>>list1 = [11, 2, 23] >>>list2 = [11, 2, 2] >>>list1 < list2 is a) True b) False c) Error d) None

Last Answer : b) False

What is the output of the following code? a={1:"A",2:"B",3:"C"} print(a.get(5,4)) a) Error, invalid syntax b) A c) 5 d) 4

Description : What is the output of the following code? a={1:"A",2:"B",3:"C"} print(a.get(5,4)) a) Error, invalid syntax b) A c) 5 d) 4

Last Answer : d) 4

What is the output of the following code? a={1:"A",2:"B",3:"C"} a.clear() print(a) a) None b) { None:None, None:None, None:None} c) {1:None, 2:None, 3:None} d) { }

Description : What is the output of the following code? a={1:"A",2:"B",3:"C"} a.clear() print(a) a) None b) { None:None, None:None, None:None} c) {1:None, 2:None, 3:None} d) { }

Last Answer : d) { }

What is the output of the following code? a={1:"A",2:"B",3:"C"} a.setdefault(4,"D") print(a) a) {1: ‘A’, 2: ‘B’, 3: ‘C’, 4: ‘D’}. b) None. c) Error.

Description : What is the output of the following code? a={1:"A",2:"B",3:"C"} a.setdefault(4,"D") print(a) a) {1: ‘A’, 2: ‘B’, 3: ‘C’, 4: ‘D’}. b) None. c) Error.

Last Answer : a) {1: ‘A’, 2: ‘B’, 3: ‘C’, 4: ‘D’}.

What is the output of the following piece of code? a={1:"A",2:"B",3:"C"} print(a.get(1,4)) a) 1 b) A c) 4

Description : What is the output of the following piece of code? a={1:"A",2:"B",3:"C"} print(a.get(1,4)) a) 1 b) A c) 4

Last Answer : b) A

What is the output of the following code? a={1:"A",2:"B",3:"C"} for i,j in a.items(): print(i,j,end=" ") a) 1 A 2 B 3 C b) 1 2 3 c) A B C d) 1:”A” 2:”B” 3:”C”

Description : What is the output of the following code? a={1:"A",2:"B",3:"C"} for i,j in a.items(): print(i,j,end=" ") a) 1 A 2 B 3 C b) 1 2 3 c) A B C d) 1:”A” 2:”B” 3:”C”

Last Answer : a) 1 A 2 B 3 C

What will be the output? d = {"john":40, "peter":45} print(list(d.keys())) a) [“john”, “peter”]. b) [“john”:40, “peter”:45]. c) (“john”, “peter”) d) (“john”:40, “peter”:45)

Description : What will be the output? d = {"john":40, "peter":45} print(list(d.keys())) a) [“john”, “peter”]. b) [“john”:40, “peter”:45]. c) (“john”, “peter”) d) (“john”:40, “peter”:45)

Last Answer : a) [“john”, “peter”].

What is the output when following code is executed ? >>>names = ['Amir', 'Bear', 'Charlton', 'Daman'] >>>print(names[-1][-1]) a) A b) Daman c) Error d) n

Description : What is the output when following code is executed ? >>>names = ['Amir', 'Bear', 'Charlton', 'Daman'] >>>print(names[-1][-1]) a) A b) Daman c) Error d) n

Last Answer : b) Daman

What is the output when following statement is executed ? >>> print(‘x\97\x98’) a) Error b) 97 98 c) x\97 d) \x97\x98

Description : What is the output when following statement is executed ? >>> print(‘x\97\x98’) a) Error b) 97 98 c) x\97 d) \x97\x98

Last Answer : c) x\97

hat is the output when following code is executed ? >>>print r"\nhello" The output is a) a new line and hello b) \nhello c) the letter r and then hello d) error

Description : hat is the output when following code is executed ? >>>print r"\nhello" The output is a) a new line and hello b) \nhello c) the letter r and then hello d) error

Last Answer : d) error

What is the output of the following? x = 123 for i in x: print(i) a) 1 2 3 b) 123 c) error d) none of the mentioned

Description : What is the output of the following? x = 123 for i in x: print(i) a) 1 2 3 b) 123 c) error d) none of the mentioned

Last Answer : c) error

What is the output of the following? x = 'abcd' for i in range(len(x)): print(x) x = 'a' a) a b) abcd abcd abcd abcd c) a a a a d) none of the mentioned

Description : What is the output of the following? x = 'abcd' for i in range(len(x)): print(x) x = 'a' a) a b) abcd abcd abcd abcd c) a a a a d) none of the mentioned

Last Answer : d) none of the mentioned

What is the output of the following? x = 'abcd' for i in x: print(i.upper()) a) a b c d b) A B C D c) a B C D d) error

Description : What is the output of the following? x = 'abcd' for i in x: print(i.upper()) a) a b c d b) A B C D c) a B C D d) error

Last Answer : b) A B C D