If a program in its functioning has not met user requirements is some way, then it is
(A) an error. (B) a failure.
(C) a fault. (D) a defect.

1 Answer

Answer :

(D) a defect.

Related questions

Description : The problem that threatens the success of a project but which has not yet happened is a (A) bug (B) error (C) risk (D) failure

Last Answer : (C) risk

Description : Each time a defect gets detected and fixed, the reliability of a software product (A) increases. (B) decreases. (C) remains constant. (D) cannot say anything.

Last Answer : (A) increases.

Description : A fault simulation testing technique is (A) Mutation testing (B) Stress testing (C) Black box testing (D) White box testing

Last Answer : (A) Mutation testing

Description : One of the fault base testing techniques is (A) unit testing. (B) beta testing. (C) Stress testing. (D) mutation testing.

Last Answer : (D) mutation testing.

Description : In the context of requirements analysis, partitioning results in the elaboration of data, function, or behavior. (A) True (B) False

Last Answer : (A) True

Description : What types of models are created during software requirements analysis? (A) Functional and behavioral (B) Algorithmic and data structure (C) Architectural and structural (D) Usability and reliability

Last Answer : (A) Functional and behavioral

Description : Which is not a step of requirement engineering? (A) Requirements elicitation (B) Requirements analysis (C) Requirements design (D) Requirements documentation

Last Answer : (C) Requirements design

Description : Structured charts are a product of (A) requirements gathering (B) requirements analysis (C) design (D) coding

Last Answer : (C) design

Description : Requirements can be refined using (A) The waterfall model (B) prototyping model (C) the evolutionary model (D) the spiral model

Last Answer : (B) prototyping model

Description : Number of clauses used in ISO 9001 to specify quality system requirements are: (A) 15 (B) 20 (C) 25 (D) 28

Last Answer : (B) 20

Description : SRD stands for (A) Software requirements definition (B) Structured requirements definition (C) Software requirements diagram (D) Structured requirements diagram

Last Answer : (B) Structured requirements definition

Description : The model in which the requirements are implemented by category is (A) Evolutionary Development Model (B) Waterfall Model (C) Prototyping (D) Iterative Enhancement Model

Last Answer : (A) Evolutionary Development Model

Description : As the reliability increases, failure intensity (A) decreases (B) increases (C) no effect (D) none of the above

Last Answer : (A) decreases

Description : Changes made to the system to reduce the future system failure chances is called (A) Preventive Maintenance (B) Adaptive Maintenance (C) Corrective Maintenance (D) Perfective Maintenance

Last Answer : (A) Preventive Maintenance

Description : Explain the following: (i) Equivalence class testing. (ii) User and System documentation with examples. (iii) Core dumps.

Last Answer : Ans: (i) Equivalence class testing is based on partitioning the input domain of a program into a number of equivalence classes so that the test of a representative value of each ... indiscriminately. Sometimes it is difficult to interpret the dump which is represented using hexadecimal numbers.

Description : Which one of the following is not a definition of error ? (A) It refers to the discrepancy between a computed, observed or measured value and the true, specified or theoretically correct value. (B) It ... to fail. (D) It refers to human action that results in software containing a defect or fault. 

Last Answer : The input, or clock pulse.

Description : How is cyclomatic complexity useful in program test? What is sequence of testing? What is testability?

Last Answer : Ans. Cyclomatic complexity measures the amount of decision logic in a single software module. It is used for two related purposes in the structured testing methodology. First, it gives the number of ... a lack of testability may hinder testing parts of the software or software requirements at all.

Description : What is ripple effect? How does it affect the stability of a program?

Last Answer : Ans. The ripple effect is a term used to describe a situation where, like the ever expanding ripples across water when an object is dropped into it, an effect from an initial state can be ... the program. Program stability is defined as the resistance to the amplification of changes in the program.

Description : Describe the various types of restructuring techniques. How does restructuring help in maintaining a program?

Last Answer : Ans. Software restructuring modifies source code and / or data an effort to make it amenable to future changes. In general, restructuring does not modify the overall program architecture. It tends ... requires performing maintenance activities is reduced. (d) Software is easier to test and debug.

Description : Which is not a size metric? (A) LOC (B) Function count (C) Program length (D) Cyclomatic complexity

Last Answer : (D) Cyclomatic complexity

Description : If P is risk probability, L is loss, then Risk Exposure (RE) is computed as (A) RE = P/L (B) RE = P + L (C) RE = P*L (D) RE = 2* P *L

Last Answer : (C) RE = P*L

Description : If every requirement can be checked by a cost-effective process, then the SRS is (A) verifiable (B) traceable (C) modifiable (D) complete

Last Answer : (A) verifiable

Description : If the objects focus on the problem domain, then we are concerned with (A) Object Oriented Analysis. (B) Object Oriented Design (C) Object Oriented Analysis & Design (D) None of the above

Last Answer : (A) Object Oriented Analysis.

Description : Modules X and Y operate on the same input and output data, then the cohesion is (A) Sequential (B) Communicational (C) Procedural (D) Logical

Last Answer : (B) Communicational

Description : In software testing, how the error, fault and failure are related to each other? (A) Error leads to failure but fault is not related to error and failure (B) Fault leads to failure but error is ... Error leads to fault and fault leads to failure (D) Fault leads to error and error leads to failure

Last Answer : (C) Error leads to fault and fault leads to failure

Description : Define Bug, Error, Fault, and Failure.

Last Answer :  Bug: A bug can be defined as the initiation of error or a problem due to which fault, failure, incident or an anomaly occurs. Error: A human action that produces an incorrect result. ... prescribed in the system specification. A software fault becomes a software failure only when it is activated.

Description : What is function point? Explain its importance. What is function-oriented metrics?

Last Answer : Ans. Function point measures the functionality from the user point of view, that is, on the basis of what the user request and receives in return. Therefore, it deals with ... empirical relationship based on countable measures of software's information domain and assessments of software complexity.

Description : What is CMM? Describe its levels & compare it with ISO 9001?

Last Answer : Ans. CAPABILITY MATURITY MODEL (CMM): CMM is a strategy for improving the software process, irrespective of the actual life cycle model used. Software Engineering Institute (SEI) of Carnegie- ... in the CMM are called out in the auditing practices of the verifying implementation common feature.

Description : Why is maintenance of a software important? Discuss some of the problems that are faced during maintenance of software.

Last Answer : Ans: The modification of a software product, after delivery, to correct faults, to improve performance or other attributes, or to adapt the product to a changed environment. Maintenance is an ... to express it in a form understandable to programmers. This is primarily due to information gap.

Description : Explain some of the limitations of testing.

Last Answer : Ans: Though testing is an important part of system development and leads to a valid, verified and efficient system, it also faces some limitation in its scope. Following are some of such limitations. ... to a complete re- development of the module under testing and hence putting all effects in vain.

Description : Software project planning entails what activities? What are the difficulties faced in measuring the Software Costs?

Last Answer : Ans. Software project planning entails the following activities: Estimation: o -Effort, cost, resource, and project duration Project scheduling: Staff organization: o -staffing ... actual specifications of the system hence cost estimations based on uncertain information cannot be accurate.

Description : Draw the flow chart of Risk Management-Activity and explain various Software risks.

Last Answer : Ans RISK is a problem that could cause some loss or threatens the success of the project, but which has not happened yet. Typical Software Risks:- 1. Dependencies: -Many ... Inadequate application domain experience. New technologies. Ineffective, poorly documented, or neglected processes.

Description : What specific languages can be used in SRS? What are the advantages of using these specific languages of SRS?

Last Answer : Ans. Requirement specification necessitates the use of some specification language. The language should support the desired qualities of the SRS- modifiability, understandability, unambiguous, and so forth. ... formally specify the behavior of a system on different combination of input or settings.

Description : What is Data Dictionary? Explain each component?

Last Answer : Ans Data dictionary is a storehouse of data giving information about data. It is a list of terms and their definition for all data items and data files of a system. A data dictionary contains ... Data Stores- data Flows are data structures in motion whereas data stores are data structures at rest.

Description : Explain incremental model? Define core product and detailed plan.

Last Answer : Ans. The incremental model is proposed by D.L PARNAS. It is basically implemented by combining elements of linear sequential model and iterative prototyping model. Incremental development refer to the process ... . Risk of failure of product is decreased as user start using the product early.

Description : Explain various types of static and dynamic testing tools.

Last Answer : Ans. Static testing tools: 1. Static analysers A static analyser operates from a pre-computed database of descriptive information derived from the source text of the program. The idea of a static ... for documenting that the tests have been done and that no defects were found during the process.

Description : Design black box test suits for a function that checks whether a character or string upto ten characters in a palindrome?

Last Answer : Ans Following may be the test cases: - Try with Even number of characters (MALAYALAM) - Try with Odd number of characters (ADDA) - Try with maximum length of string The following are negative test ... come for the following) - Try with empty string - Try with numbers - Try with special characters

Description : Compare and contrast reliability and availability?

Last Answer : Ans. Reliability:The probability of failure-free system operation over a specified time in a given environment for a given purpose is called reliability Availability:The probability that a system, at ... damage data, low reliability may not be a problem. Availability takes repair time into account.

Description : Explain various Object Oriented concepts used in Software Engineering. Give an example.

Last Answer : Ans .Various concepts of Object Oriented concepts used in Software Engineering: Object:- An object is something which is capable of being seen, touched or sensed. Each object has certain distinctions ... . A message can be sent between two objects only if they have an association between them.

Description : Define cohesion & coupling? Give suitable examples.

Last Answer : Ans Coupling:Coupling refers to the strength of the relationship between modules in a system. Coupling represents how strongly different modules are interconnected with each other. Cohesion: Cohesion ... Cohesion represents how strongly the internal elements of a module are bound to each other.

Description : What is Data Binding?

Last Answer : Ans.The matrix that attempts to capture the module-level concept of coupling is data binding. Data binding are a measure that captures the data interaction across portions of a software system. In ... words, data binding try to specify how strongly coupled different modules in a software system are.

Description : Spiral model is a realistic approach to the development of large-scale systems & software. Justify & explain the model?

Last Answer : Ans. There are several advantages of Spiral model that makes it a realistic approach to development of large-scale systems and software, viz: 1) The spiral model promotes quality assurance ... , which can help in identifying and resolving potential problems or errors in the software development.

Description : Explain acceptance testing and beta testing.

Last Answer : Ans. Acceptance Testing and Beta testing:System tests are designed to validate a fully developed system to assure that it meets its requirements. Acceptance and beta testing are form of system ... testing performed by the cutomer to determine whether he should accept the delivery of the system.

Description : Discuss the problems faced during software maintenance

Last Answer : Ans. Problems During Maintenance The most important problem during maintenance is that before correcting or modifying a program, the programmer must first understand it. Then, the programmer ... be very difficult. Therefore approach of development should be the production of maintainable software.

Description : Explain the concept of bottom-up, top-down and hybrid design.

Last Answer : Ans: Bottom up design:This approach leads to a style of design where we decide how to combine these modules to provide larger ones; to combine those to provide even larger ones, ... approaches are often not practical therefore hybrid approach which combines the above two approaches is often used.

Description : Why is good design important for a product?

Last Answer : Ans: A good design is the key to successful product. Almost 2000 years ago a Roman Architect recorded the following attributes of a good design:  Durability  Utility and  Charm A well-designed system is easy to implement, understandable and reliable and allows for smooth evolution.

Description : Define the following terms: (i) Product metrics (ii) Live variables (iii) FAN IN

Last Answer : Ans: (i) Product metrics: describe the characteristics of the product such as size, complexity, design features, performance, efficiency, reliability, portability, etc. (ii) A variable is live from its first ... count of the number of other Components that can call, or pass control, to Component A.

Description : List any three characteristics of a good SRS.

Last Answer : Ans:The SRS should be: Correct , Unambiguous, Complete 1. Correct: An SRS is correct iff every requirement stated therein is one that the software shall meet . 2. Unambiguous: An SRS is ... full labels and references to all figures and diagram and definition of all terms and units of measures

Description : Explain any two requirement elicitation methods.

Last Answer : Ans. Interviews: After receiving the problem statement from the customer, the first step is to arrange a meeting with the customer. During the meeting or interview, both the parties would like to ... -Board, flip chart, worksheets, wall stickiest, etc. Participants should not criticize or debate.

Description : Explain the software life cycle model that incorporates risk factor.

Last Answer : Ans. The problem with traditional software process models is that they do not deal sufficiently with the uncertainty, which is inherent to software projects. Important software projects failed ... . The risk analysis and validation steps eliminate errors in the early phases of development