A Solution to overcome the challenge to support a large number of application service consumers from around the world, cloud infrastructure providers (i.e., IaaS providers) have established data centers in multiple geographical locations to provide redundancy and ensure reliability in case of site failures is a) Global exchange of cloud resources b) Resource provisioning c) Cloud security d) Resource sharing

A Solution to overcome the challenge to support a large number of application
service consumers from around the world, cloud infrastructure providers (i.e., IaaS
providers) have established data centers in multiple geographical locations to
provide redundancy and ensure reliability in case of site failures is
a) Global exchange of cloud resources
b) Resource provisioning
c) Cloud security
d) Resource sharing
by

1 Answer

Answer :

Global exchange of cloud resources
by

Related questions

Which of the following is a core management feature offered by most cloud management service products? a) Support of different cloud types b) Creation and provisioning of different types of cloud resources, such as machine instances, storage, or staged applications c) Performance reporting including availability and uptime, response time, resource quota usage, and other characteristics d) All of the mentioned

Description : Which of the following is a core management feature offered by most cloud management service products? a) Support of different cloud types b) Creation and provisioning of different types of cloud ... and uptime, response time, resource quota usage, and other characteristics d) All of the mentioned

Last Answer : All of the mentioned

Point out the wrong statement. a) Large cloud providers with geographically dispersed sites worldwide, therefore, achieve reliability rates that are hard for private systems to achieve b) Private data centers tend to be located in places where the company or unit was founded or acquired c) A network backbone is a very low-capacity network connection d) None of the mentioned

Description : Point out the wrong statement. a) Large cloud providers with geographically dispersed sites worldwide, therefore, achieve reliability rates that are hard for private systems to achieve b) Private data ... ) A network backbone is a very low-capacity network connection d) None of the mentioned

Last Answer : A network backbone is a very low-capacity network connection

Point out the correct statement. a) Except for tightly managed SaaS cloud providers, the burden of resource management is still in the hands of the user b) Cloud computing vendors run very reliable networks c) The low barrier to entry cannot be accompanied by a low barrier to provisioning d) All of the mentioned

Description : Point out the correct statement. a) Except for tightly managed SaaS cloud providers, the burden of resource management is still in the hands of the user b) Cloud computing vendors run very reliable ... barrier to entry cannot be accompanied by a low barrier to provisioning d) All of the mentioned

Last Answer : Cloud computing vendors run very reliable networks

How Cloud Federation provides benefits to Cloud providers? a) allows providers to earn revenue from computing resources that would otherwise be idle or underutilized b) enables cloud providers to expand their geographic footprints and accommodate sudden spikes in demand without having to build new points-of-presence (POPs) c) establish extensions of their customer-facing service-level agreements (SLAs) into their partner provider's data centers. d) All the above

Description : How Cloud Federation provides benefits to Cloud providers? a) allows providers to earn revenue from computing resources that would otherwise be idle or underutilized b) enables cloud providers to expand their ... -level agreements (SLAs) into their partner provider's data centers. d) All the above

Last Answer : All the above

Which of the following statements about Google App Engine (GAE) is INCORRECT. A. It’s a Platform as a Service (PaaS) model. B. Automatic Scalability is built in with GAE. As a developer you don’t need to worry about application scalability C. You can decide on how many physical servers required for hosting your application. D. The applications deployed on GAE have the same security, privacy and data protection policies as that of Google’s applications. So, applications can take advantage of reliability, performance and security of Google’s infrastructure.

Description : Which of the following statements about Google App Engine (GAE) is INCORRECT. A. It's a Platform as a Service (PaaS) model. B. Automatic Scalability is built in with GAE. As ... s applications. So, applications can take advantage of reliability, performance and security of Google's infrastructure.

Last Answer : You can decide on how many physical servers required for hosting your application.

.Interconnecting the cloud computing environments of two or more service providers is called as a) Cloud Federation b) Intra Cloud c) Cloud Provisioning d) Cloud Connecting

Description : .Interconnecting the cloud computing environments of two or more service providers is called as a) Cloud Federation b) Intra Cloud c) Cloud Provisioning d) Cloud Connecting

Last Answer : Conceptual Level

What advantage is there for an enterprise to adopt a virtual private cloud model? A. Reduce costs by adopting a flexible pricing model for the entire operation. B. Reduce infrastructure costs since all data centers will be managed in a third party cloud. C. Manage sensitive data in a compliant and secure manner and benefit from flexible pricing models for select services or infrastructure. D. Obtain maximum control over aspects such as security and performance since the entire infrastructure will be managed within the IT department.

Description : What advantage is there for an enterprise to adopt a virtual private cloud model? A. Reduce costs by adopting a flexible pricing model for the entire operation. B. Reduce infrastructure ... such as security and performance since the entire infrastructure will be managed within the IT department.

Last Answer : Manage sensitive data in a compliant and secure manner and benefit from flexible pricing models for select services or infrastructure.

Point out the correct statement. a) Google’s cloud includes perhaps some 10 data centers worldwide b) Flipkart.com’s infrastructure was built to support elastic demand so the system could accommodate peak traffic c) Data centers have been sited to optimize the overall system latency d) All of the mentioned

Description : Point out the correct statement. a) Google's cloud includes perhaps some 10 data centers worldwide b) Flipkart.com's infrastructure was built to support elastic demand so the system could accommodate ... ) Data centers have been sited to optimize the overall system latency d) All of the mentioned

Last Answer : Data centers have been sited to optimize the overall system latency

Following statements are talking about………. 1. It's more complex than a hybrid cloud, which is typically a paired private and public cloud. 2. This cloud add more clouds to the mix, perhaps two or more public IaaS providers, a private PaaS, on-demand management and security systems from public clouds, private use-based accounting A. Multi-Cloud B. Private Cloud C. Business Cloud D. Storage Cloud

Description : Following statements are talking about . 1. It's more complex than a hybrid cloud, which is typically a paired private and public cloud. 2. This cloud add more clouds to the mix, perhaps two ... , private use-based accounting A. Multi-Cloud B. Private Cloud C. Business Cloud D. Storage Cloud

Last Answer : Multi-Cloud

Point out the wrong statement. a) AWS S3 essentially lets you create your own cloud storage b) AWS created “Availability Zones” within regions, which are sets of systems that are isolated from one another c) Amazon Web Services (AWS) adds redundancy to its IaaS systems by allowing EC2 virtual machine instances d) None of the mentioned

Description : Point out the wrong statement. a) AWS S3 essentially lets you create your own cloud storage b) AWS created Availability Zones within regions, which are sets of systems that are isolated from ... adds redundancy to its IaaS systems by allowing EC2 virtual machine instances d) None of the mentioned

Last Answer : None of the mentioned

Amazon Web Services is which type of cloud computing distribution model? A. Software as a Service (SAAS) B. Platform as a Service (PAAS) C. Infrastructure as a Service (IAAS)

Description : Amazon Web Services is which type of cloud computing distribution model? A. Software as a Service (SAAS) B. Platform as a Service (PAAS) C. Infrastructure as a Service (IAAS)

Last Answer : Infrastructure as a Service (IAAS)

Which statement is true about the maintenance of a cloud computing environment? A. In a Software as a Service (SaaS) environment, patches are not automatically installed on the clients. B. In a SaaS environment, customers do not need to worry about installing patches in the virtual instances. C. In an Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) environment, patches are automatically installed on the clients. D. In an IaaS environment, customers do not need to worry about installing patches in the virtual instances.

Description : Which statement is true about the maintenance of a cloud computing environment? A. In a Software as a Service (SaaS) environment, patches are not automatically installed on the clients. B ... an IaaS environment, customers do not need to worry about installing patches in the virtual instances.

Last Answer : In a SaaS environment, customers do not need to worry about installing patches in the virtual

.In an enterprise-level model of technology by which a customer can purchase cloud services as and when needed is called as a) On-Demand Computing b) Resource Provisioning c) Over Provisioning d) Under Provisioning

Description : .In an enterprise-level model of technology by which a customer can purchase cloud services as and when needed is called as a) On-Demand Computing b) Resource Provisioning c) Over Provisioning d) Under Provisioning

Last Answer : On-Demand Computing

Point out the correct statement. a) Cloud architecture can couple software running on virtualized hardware in multiple locations to provide an on-demand service b) Cloud computing relies on a set of protocols needed to manage interprocess communications c) Platforms are used to create more complex software d) All of the mentioned

Description : Point out the correct statement. a) Cloud architecture can couple software running on virtualized hardware in multiple locations to provide an on-demand service b) Cloud computing relies on a set of ... communications c) Platforms are used to create more complex software d) All of the mentioned

Last Answer : All of the mentioned

Point out the correct statement : A. Cloud architecture can couple software running on virtualized hardware in multiple locations to provide an on-demand service B. Cloud computing relies on a set of protocols needed to manage interprocess communications C. Platforms are used to create more complex software D. All of the mentioned

Description : Point out the correct statement : A. Cloud architecture can couple software running on virtualized hardware in multiple locations to provide an on-demand service B. Cloud computing relies on a ... communications C. Platforms are used to create more complex software D. All of the mentioned

Last Answer : All of the mentioned

Point out the correct statement. a) Cloud architecture can couple software running on virtualized hardware in multiple locations to provide an on-demand service b) Cloud computing relies on a set of protocols needed to manage interprocess communications c) Platforms are used to create more complex software d) All of the mentioned

Description : Point out the correct statement. a) Cloud architecture can couple software running on virtualized hardware in multiple locations to provide an on-demand service b) Cloud computing relies on a set ... communications c) Platforms are used to create more complex software d) All of the mentioned

Last Answer : All of the mentioned

Point out the correct statement. a) Cloud architecture can couple software running on virtualized hardware in multiple locations to provide an on-demand service b) Cloud computing relies on a set of protocols needed to manage interprocess communications c) Platforms are used to create more complex software d) All of the mentioned

Description : Point out the correct statement. a) Cloud architecture can couple software running on virtualized hardware in multiple locations to provide an on-demand service b) Cloud computing relies on a set of ... communications c) Platforms are used to create more complex software d) All of the mentioned

Last Answer : All of the mentioned

Which two statements are true about the public cloud model? A. It meets security and auditing requirements for highly regulated industries. B. Resources and infrastructure are managed and maintained by the enterprise IT operations staff. C. It shifts the bulk of the costs from capital expenditures and IT infrastructure investment to an utility operating expense model. D. It shifts the bulk of the costs from capital expenditures to creating a virtualized and elastic infrastructure within the enterprise data center.

Description : Which two statements are true about the public cloud model? A. It meets security and auditing requirements for highly regulated industries. B. Resources and infrastructure are managed ... capital expenditures to creating a virtualized and elastic infrastructure within the enterprise data center.

Last Answer : It shifts the bulk of the costs from capital expenditures and IT infrastructure investment to an utility operating expense model.

Point out the wrong statement. a) A cloud is defined as the combination of the infrastructure of a datacenter with the ability to provision hardware and software b) High touch applications are best done on-premises c) The Google App Engine follows IaaS d) None of the mentioned

Description : Point out the wrong statement. a) A cloud is defined as the combination of the infrastructure of a datacenter with the ability to provision hardware and software b) High touch applications are best done on-premises c) The Google App Engine follows IaaS d) None of the mentioned

Last Answer : The Google App Engine follows IaaS

Point out the wrong statement. A. A cloud is defined as the combination of the infrastructure of a datacenter with the ability to provision hardware and software B. High touch applications are best done on-premises C. The Google App Engine follows IaaS D. All of the above

Description : Point out the wrong statement. A. A cloud is defined as the combination of the infrastructure of a datacenter with the ability to provision hardware and software B. High touch applications are best done on-premises C. The Google App Engine follows IaaS D. All of the above

Last Answer : The Google App Engine follows IaaS

Point out the wrong statement. a) A cloud is defined as the combination of the infrastructure of a datacenter with the ability to provision hardware and software b) High touch applications are best done on- premises c) The Google App Engine follows IaaS d) None of the mentioned

Description : Point out the wrong statement. a) A cloud is defined as the combination of the infrastructure of a datacenter with the ability to provision hardware and software b) High touch applications are best done on- premises c) The Google App Engine follows IaaS d) None of the mentioned

Last Answer : The Google App Engine follows IaaS

The cloud platform provides PaaS, which sits on top of the _______________ a) IaaS infrastructure. b) PaaS infrastructure c) SaaS infrastructure d) HaaS infrastructure

Description : The cloud platform provides PaaS, which sits on top of the _______________ a) IaaS infrastructure. b) PaaS infrastructure c) SaaS infrastructure d) HaaS infrastructure

Last Answer : IaaS infrastructure.

Point out the wrong statement. a) SPML is used to prepare Web services and applications for use b) With SPML, a system can provide automated user and system access c) Without a provisioning system, a cloud computing system can be very efficient and potentially reliable d) All of the mentioned

Description : Point out the wrong statement. a) SPML is used to prepare Web services and applications for use b) With SPML, a system can provide automated user and system access c) Without a provisioning system, a cloud computing system can be very efficient and potentially reliable d) All of the mentioned

Last Answer : Without a provisioning system, a cloud computing system can be very efficient and potentially reliable

Point out the wrong statement. a) Securing data sent to, received from, and stored in the cloud is the single largest security concern b) The problem with the data you store in the cloud is that it can be located anywhere in the cloud service provider’s system c) One and only approach to isolating storage in the cloud from direct client access is to create layered access to the data d) All of the mentioned

Description : Point out the wrong statement. a) Securing data sent to, received from, and stored in the cloud is the single largest security concern b) The problem with the data you store in the cloud is that ... the cloud from direct client access is to create layered access to the data d) All of the mentioned

Last Answer : One and only approach to isolating storage in the cloud from direct client access is to create layered access to the data

Point out the correct statement. a) PaaS supplies the infrastructure b) IaaS adds application development frameworks, transactions, and control structures c) SaaS is an operating environment with applications, management, and the user interface d) All of the mentioned

Description : Point out the correct statement. a) PaaS supplies the infrastructure b) IaaS adds application development frameworks, transactions, and control structures c) SaaS is an operating environment with applications, management, and the user interface d) All of the mentioned

Last Answer : SaaS is an operating environment with applications, management, and the user interface

Who provide GUI (Graphical User Interface) to interact with the cloud? A. Client B. Application C. Client Infrastructure D. Server

Description : Who provide GUI (Graphical User Interface) to interact with the cloud? A. Client B. Application C. Client Infrastructure D. Server

Last Answer : Client Infrastructure

Which statement best describes the Software as a Service cloud delivery model? A. A virtual machine provisioned and provided from the cloud which allows the customer to deploy custom applications. B. A multitenant storage service provisioned from the cloud which allows the customer to leverage the cloud for storing software data. C. A solution stack or set of middleware delivered to the client from the cloud which provides services for the design, development, and testing of industry aligned applications. D. An application delivered to the client from the cloud which eliminates the need to install and run the application on the customer's own computers and simplifying maintenance and support.

Description : Which statement best describes the Software as a Service cloud delivery model? A. A virtual machine provisioned and provided from the cloud which allows the customer to deploy custom ... and run the application on the customer's own computers and simplifying maintenance and support.

Last Answer : An application delivered to the client from the cloud which eliminates the need to install and run the application on the customer's own computers and simplifying maintenance and support.

Which of the following model allows vendor to provide security as part of the Service Level Agreement? a) SaaS b) PaaS c) IaaS d) All of the mentioned

Description : Which of the following model allows vendor to provide security as part of the Service Level Agreement? a) SaaS b) PaaS c) IaaS d) All of the mentioned

Last Answer : SaaS

For whom Cloud Infrastructure performance is the primary concern a) Software Vendors b) IT Administrator c) Cloud Providers d) Cloud Users

Description : For whom Cloud Infrastructure performance is the primary concern a) Software Vendors b) IT Administrator c) Cloud Providers d) Cloud Users

Last Answer : Cloud Providers

Which amongst the following is not an advantage of Distributed systems? a) Resource sharing b) Incremental growth c) Reliability d) None of the above

Description : Which amongst the following is not an advantage of Distributed systems? a) Resource sharing b) Incremental growth c) Reliability d) None of the above

Last Answer : Reliability

This is a software distribution model in which applications are hosted by a vendor or service provider and made available to customers over a network, typically the Internet. A. Platform as a Service (PaaS) B. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) C. Software as a Service (SaaS).

Description : This is a software distribution model in which applications are hosted by a vendor or service provider and made available to customers over a network, typically the Internet. A. Platform as a Service (PaaS) B. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) C. Software as a Service (SaaS).

Last Answer : Software as a Service (SaaS).

IaaS stands for? A. IT-as-a-Service B. Internet-as-a-Service C. Infrastructure-as-a-Service D. Interoperability-as-a-Service

Description : IaaS stands for? A. IT-as-a-Service B. Internet-as-a-Service C. Infrastructure-as-a-Service D. Interoperability-as-a-Service

Last Answer : Infrastructure-as-a-Service

Which resources are typically provided by an Infrastructure as a Service cloud computing delivery model? A. applications B. virtual machines C. virtual private networks D. middleware software stacks

Description : Which resources are typically provided by an Infrastructure as a Service cloud computing delivery model? A. applications B. virtual machines C. virtual private networks D. middleware software stacks

Last Answer : middleware software stacks

Which of the following initiatives of dynamic cloud infrastructure reduce operating cost , improve responsiveness and utilize resources? A. Asset management. B. Virtualization and Consolidation. C. Service Management. D. Information Infrastructure.

Description : Which of the following initiatives of dynamic cloud infrastructure reduce operating cost , improve responsiveness and utilize resources? A. Asset management. B. Virtualization and Consolidation. C. Service Management. D. Information Infrastructure.

Last Answer : Virtualization and Consolidation.

Which resources are typically provided by an Infrastructure as a Service cloud computing delivery model? A. applications B. virtual machines C. virtual private networks D. middleware software stacks

Description : Which resources are typically provided by an Infrastructure as a Service cloud computing delivery model? A. applications B. virtual machines C. virtual private networks D. middleware software stacks

Last Answer : virtual machines

In which issue, It is challenging to migrate an application, which is resource-intensive to cloud and to execute it via Virtual Machine? A. Architectural Issues B. Security and Privacy C. Mobile Communication Congestion D. Live VM Migration

Description : In which issue, It is challenging to migrate an application, which is resource-intensive to cloud and to execute it via Virtual Machine? A. Architectural Issues B. Security and Privacy C. Mobile Communication Congestion D. Live VM Migration

Last Answer : Live VM Migration

________ as a Service is a development environment that builds upon an existing cloud computing application infrastructure. a) Software b) Platform c) Analytics d) Compliance

Description : ________ as a Service is a development environment that builds upon an existing cloud computing application infrastructure. a) Software b) Platform c) Analytics d) Compliance

Last Answer : Platform

________ as a Service is a development environment that builds upon an existing cloud computing application infrastructure. a) Software b) Platform c) Analytics d) Compliance

Description : ________ as a Service is a development environment that builds upon an existing cloud computing application infrastructure. a) Software b) Platform c) Analytics d) Compliance

Last Answer : Platform

Geographic distribution of data across a cloud provider’s network is a problem for many enterprises because it: A. Breaks compliance regulations B. Adds latency C. Raises security concerns D. Makes data recovery harder

Description : Geographic distribution of data across a cloud provider’s network is a problem for many enterprises because it: A. Breaks compliance regulations B. Adds latency C. Raises security concerns D. Makes data recovery harder

Last Answer : Breaks compliance regulations

The ____________ acts as a market maker for bringing together service producers and consumers. a) Cloud Exchange (CEx) b) QoS c) Navigation d) SLA

Description : The ____________ acts as a market maker for bringing together service producers and consumers. a) Cloud Exchange (CEx) b) QoS c) Navigation d) SLA

Last Answer : HDFS

Point out the correct statement: 1) Different types of cloud computing service models provide different levels of security services 2) Adapting your on-premises systems to a cloud model requires that you determine what security mechanisms are required and mapping those to controls that exist in your chosen cloud service provider 3) Data should be transferred and stored in an encrypted format for security purpose A. 1,2,3 are correct B. only 1 is correct C. 2 and 3 are correct D. none are correct

Description : Point out the correct statement: 1) Different types of cloud computing service models provide different levels of security services 2) Adapting your on-premises systems to a cloud model requires that you determine what ... are correct B. only 1 is correct C. 2 and 3 are correct D. none are correct

Last Answer : 1,2,3 are correct

Point out the correct statement: 1) Different types of cloud computing service models provide different levels of security services 2) Adapting your on-premises systems to a cloud model requires that you determine what security mechanisms are required and mapping those to controls that exist in your chosen cloud service provider 3) Data should be transferred and stored in an encrypted format for security purpose A. 1,2,3 are correct B. only 1 is correct C. 2 and 3 are correct D. none are correct

Description : Point out the correct statement: 1) Different types of cloud computing service models provide different levels of security services 2) Adapting your on-premises systems to a cloud model requires that you determine what ... are correct B. only 1 is correct C. 2 and 3 are correct D. none are correct

Last Answer : 1,2,3 are correct

Point out the correct statement. a) Different types of cloud computing service models provide different levels of security services b) Adapting your on-premises systems to a cloud model requires that you determine what security mechanisms are required and mapping those to controls that exist in your chosen cloud service provider c) Data should be transferred and stored in an encrypted format for security purpose d) All of the mentioned

Description : Point out the correct statement. a) Different types of cloud computing service models provide different levels of security services b) Adapting your on-premises systems to a cloud model requires that ... be transferred and stored in an encrypted format for security purpose d) All of the mentioned

Last Answer : Data should be transferred and stored in an encrypted format for security purpose d) All of the mentioned

Google cloud SQL Features a) Lets your application read files from and write files to buckets in Google cloud storage b) A Fully –managed web service that allows you to create , configure , and use relational databases that live in Google’s cloud c) Enables support for outbound sockets using the language – specific, built in libraries. d) Lets developers factor large applications into logical components that can be share stateful services and communicate in secure fashion.

Description : Google cloud SQL Features a) Lets your application read files from and write files to buckets in Google cloud storage b) A Fully -managed web service that allows you to create , ... large applications into logical components that can be share stateful services and communicate in secure fashion.

Last Answer : A Fully –managed web service that allows you to create , configure , and use relational databases that live in Google’s cloud

Point out the wrong statement. a) Google App Engine allows a developer to scale an application immediately b) The customer relationship management provider SalesForce.com has a development platform called Force.com that is an IaaS offering c) A cloud computing provider can become a hub master at the center of many ISVs offerings d) None of the mentioned

Description : Point out the wrong statement. a) Google App Engine allows a developer to scale an application immediately b) The customer relationship management provider SalesForce.com has a development platform called Force. ... become a hub master at the center of many ISVs offerings d) None of the mentioned

Last Answer : The customer relationship management provider SalesForce.com has a development platform called Force.com that is an IaaS offering

If an enterprise has too many resources and they will be paying for assets they aren’t using is termed as a) Under provisioning b) Elasticity c) Over provisioning d) None of the above

Description : If an enterprise has too many resources and they will be paying for assets they aren’t using is termed as a) Under provisioning b) Elasticity c) Over provisioning d) None of the above

Last Answer : Over provisioning

_______ provides virtual machines, virtual storage, virtual infrastructure, and other hardware assets. a) IaaS b) SaaS c) PaaS d) All of the mentioned

Description : _______ provides virtual machines, virtual storage, virtual infrastructure, and other hardware assets. a) IaaS b) SaaS c) PaaS d) All of the mentioned

Last Answer : IaaS

_______ provides virtual machines, virtual storage, virtual infrastructure, and other hardware assets. a) IaaS b) SaaS c) PaaS d) All of the mentioned

Description : _______ provides virtual machines, virtual storage, virtual infrastructure, and other hardware assets. a) IaaS b) SaaS c) PaaS d) All of the mentioned

Last Answer : IaaS

What is the role of virtualization in cloud computing? A. It removes operating system inefficiencies. B. It improves the performance of web applications. C. It optimizes the utilization of computing resources. D. It adds extra load to the underlying physical infrastructure and has no role in cloud computing.

Description : What is the role of virtualization in cloud computing? A. It removes operating system inefficiencies. B. It improves the performance of web applications. C. It optimizes the utilization of ... . It adds extra load to the underlying physical infrastructure and has no role in cloud computing.

Last Answer : It adds extra load to the underlying physical infrastructure and has no role in cloud computing.

What is the role of virtualization in cloud computing? A. It removes operating system inefficiencies. B. It improves the performance of web applications. C. It optimizes the utilization of computing resources. D. It adds extra load to the underlying physical infrastructure and has no role in cloud computing

Description : What is the role of virtualization in cloud computing? A. It removes operating system inefficiencies. B. It improves the performance of web applications. C. It optimizes the utilization of ... . It adds extra load to the underlying physical infrastructure and has no role in cloud computing

Last Answer : It adds extra load to the underlying physical infrastructure and has no role in cloud computing.