a) The UN Convention of the Law of the Sea, 1982, allowed coastal nations to claim a territorial sea of up to 12 nautical miles. b) It also allowed jurisdiction over resources, control over fishing right, scientific research, and environmental protection in a zone up to 200 nautical miles (370.4 km) offshore. It is known as Exclusive Economic Zone. Beyond this zone, seabed mineral development will be regulated by an international body.