(3) Article 311 Explanation: Article 311 of Constitution of India deals with dismissal, removal or reduction in rank of persons employed in civil capacities under the Union or a State. It states that no person who is a member of a civil service of the Union or an all-India service or a civil service of a State or holds a civil post under the Union or a State shall be dismissed or removed by an authority subordinate to that by which he was appointed.