Define abstract class.

Define abstract class.
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An abstract class is a class that is designed only to act as base class. It is not used to create objects.
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Related questions

What is abstract class? Give one example of abstract class.

Description : What is abstract class? Give one example of abstract class.

Last Answer : An abstract class is a class that is designed only to act as base class. It is not used to create objects. An abstract class is used to define an implementation and is intended to be inherited by child classes. Example: ... >a; } void display() { coutb; } void display1()  { display(); cout

How to define a member function outside the body of class?

Description : How to define a member function outside the body of class? 

Last Answer : The user can declare member function outside the class with the help of scope resolution operator (::). The label class_name:: tells the compiler that the function_name belongs to the class class_name. ... In above example accept() member function of class student is defined outside of the class. 

Define the following terms: (i) Data abstraction (ii) Class (iii) Dynamic binding (iv) Polymorphism

Description : Define the following terms: (i) Data abstraction (ii) Class (iii) Dynamic binding (iv) Polymorphism

Last Answer : (i) Data abstraction: Abstraction refers to the act of representing essential features without including the background details or explanation. Data abstraction is the process of defining a data type, often ... more than one form at different instances depending on the type or number of arguments. 

What is constructor? How user can declared constructor in derived class? Explain with example.

Description : What is constructor? How user can declared constructor in derived class? Explain with example.

Last Answer : Constructor:- Constructor is a special member function which has same name as a class name and is used to initialize object during compile time of program. Declaring constructor in derived class If a base class contains a ... derived d(2,5); d.displaybase(); d.display(); getch(); }

Explain the derived class access by pointer.

Description : Explain the derived class access by pointer.

Last Answer : When base class and its derived class both contains same function name then the function in base class is declared as virtual using keyword virtual preceding its normal declaration. When a function is made virtual, C ... . Example: #include class Base { public: virtual void show( ) { cout

What is base class? What is derived class? Give example.

Description : What is base class? What is derived class? Give example.

Last Answer : Base class: In inheritance a new class is derived from an old class. The old/existing class is referred as base class whose properties can be inherited by its derived class. Derived class: In inheritance a new ... as well as base class. Example: class base { public: void putb() { cout

State characteristic of static data member. Explain why static data member must be defined outside the class.

Description : State characteristic of static data member. Explain why static data member must be defined outside the class. 

Last Answer : Characteristics of static data members: 1. It is initialized to zero when the first object of its class is created. No other initialization is permitted. 2. Only one copy of that member is created ... member(s) it is necessary to make static members global and re-declared outside of the class.

Write a program to declare class student having data members name and percentage. Write constructor to initialize these data members. Accept and display this data for one object.

Description : Write a program to declare class student having data members name and percentage. Write constructor to initialize these data members. Accept and display this data for one object.

Last Answer : #include<iostream.h> #include<conio.h> #include<string.h> class student { char name[20]; float per; public: student(char n[],float p) { strcpy(name,n); per=p; } ... { student S("Sachin",78.00); clrscr(); S.putdata(); getch(); }

Write a program to implement single inheritance. Declare base class employee with Emp_No. and Emp_Name. Declare derived class fitness with height and weight. Accept and display data for one employee.

Description : Write a program to implement single inheritance. Declare base class employee with Emp_No. and Emp_Name. Declare derived class fitness with height and weight. Accept and display data for one employee.

Last Answer : #include<iostream.h> #include<conio.h> class employee { protected: int emp_no; char emp_name[10]; public: void gete() { cout<< enter employee details ; cin>>emp_no; cin>> ... f.gete(); f.pute(); f.getft(); f.putft(); getch(); }

Write a program to declare class having data member as hrs, mins, secs. Write constructor to assign values and destructor to destroy values. Accept & display data for one object.

Description : Write a program to declare class having data member as hrs, mins, secs. Write constructor to assign values and destructor to destroy values. Accept & display data for one object.

Last Answer : #include<iostream.h> #include<conio.h> class time { private: int hrs, mins,sec; public: time(int h,int m,int s) { hrs=h; mins=m; sec=s; } ~time() { cout<< hours ... } }; void main() { time t(2,43,56); t.display(); getch(); }

Write a program to implement the concept of virtual base class for following figure. Accept and display information of one employee with his name, code, basic pay, experience and gross salary with the object of employee class.

Description : Write a program to implement the concept of virtual base class for following figure. Accept and display information of one employee with his name, code, basic pay, experience and gross salary with the object of employee class.

Last Answer : #include<iostream.h> #include<conio.h> class Master  {  char name[10],code[3];  public:  void acceptM() { cout<<"\nEnter name and code "; cin>>name>>code; ... .displayM(); e.displayA(); e.displayD(); e.displayE(); getch();  }

Write a program to declare a class 'staff' having data members as name and department. Accept this data for 10 staffs and display names of staff that are in 'CO' department.

Description : Write a program to declare a class 'staff' having data members as name and department. Accept this data for 10 staffs and display names of staff that are in 'CO' department.

Last Answer : #include<iostream.h> #include<conio.h> #include<string.h> class staff {  char name[10], dept[10];  public:  void accept() { cout<<"Enter Name and Department:\t"; cin>> ... i=0;i<=10;i++) { s[i].display(); } getch(); }

Differentiate between function definition inside and outside the class

Description : Differentiate between function definition inside and outside the class

Last Answer : Sr. No Inside function definition Outside function definition  1 A member function of a class is defined inside the class. A member function of a class is declared inside class and as defined outside the ... }; void item :: getdata(int a, float b) { number = a; cost = b; }

Explain pointer to derived class with example.

Description : Explain pointer to derived class with example.

Last Answer : Pointers can be used to point to the base class objects and objects of derived class. Pointers to objects of base class are compatible with pointers to objects of a derived class. Single pointer variable can be made to point ... { int a; public:  void get() { couta; }  void put() { cout

Implement a program to declare a class city with data members city name and state. Accept and display data for 1 object using pointer to object.

Description : Implement a program to declare a class city with data members city name and state. Accept and display data for 1 object using pointer to object.

Last Answer : #include<iostream.h> #include<conio.h> class city { char city_name[20],state[20]; public: void accept() { cout<<"\nEnter city data:"; cout<<"\nName:"; ... ); ptr=&c; ptr->accept(); ptr->display(); getch(); }

Explain the concept of overloaded constructor in a class with suitable example.

Description : Explain the concept of overloaded constructor in a class with suitable example.

Last Answer : Overloaded constructor: When more than one constructor function is defined in a same class then it is called as overloaded constructor. All constructors are defined with the same name as ... first constructor does not accept any argument and the second constructor accepts two integer arguments.

Explain constructor in derived class with suitable example.

Description : Explain constructor in derived class with suitable example.

Last Answer : When a class is declared, a constructor can be declared inside the class to initialize data members. When a base class contains a constructor with one or more arguments then it is ... one argument. Derived class constructor accepts two values and passes one value to base class constructor.

Explain class with suitable example.

Description : Explain class with suitable example.

Last Answer : A class is a user defined data type which binds data and its associated functions together. It allows the data and functions to be hidden, if necessary from external use. Generally, a class ... for displaying their values. These functions provide the only access to data members of the class. 

Explain multiple constructors in a class with suitable example.

Description : Explain multiple constructors in a class with suitable example. 

Last Answer : Multiple constructors in a class means a class can contain more than one constructor. This is also known as constructor overloading. All constructors are defined with the same name as the class they belong to. All the ... default constructor integer(int a, int b) { m = a; n = b; cout

Write a program in C++ to declare a class „Journal‟ having data members as journal_nm, price, ISSN_No. Accept this data for two objects and display the name of the journal having greater price.

Description : Write a program in C++ to declare a class „Journal‟ having data members as journal_nm, price, ISSN_No. Accept this data for two objects and display the name of the journal having greater price.

Last Answer : #include<iostream.h> #include<conio.h> class Journal { char journal_nm[20]; int ISSN_No; float price; public: void accept(); void display(Journal); }; void Journal::accept() { ... clrscr(); j1.accept(); j2.accept(); j1.display(j2); getch(); }

Differentiate between class and structure.

Description : Differentiate between class and structure.

Last Answer : Class Structure 1. Class is user defined data type. It's a way of binding data and functions together in one single unit. It is a collection of data members and member functions. 1. Structure contains ... void putdata(); }; for e.g. struct student { introll_no; char name[20]; }s;

Describe syntax and use of defining member function outside class. Give one example.

Description : Describe syntax and use of defining member function outside class. Give one example.

Last Answer : Member function that is declared inside a class has to be defined separately outside the class. These member functions associate a membership identify label in the header. This label tells the ... ) A member function can call another member function directly, without using the dot operator. 

Describe with example importance of virtual base class.

Description : Describe with example importance of virtual base class.

Last Answer : A virtual base class (Grandparent class) is a class that avoids duplication of inherited data in derived class (child class) derived from parent classes (parent1 and parent2) which in turn derived ... duplications class L is declare as virtual base class while defining base classes B1 and B. 

Write a program in C++ to declare a class measure having data members as add 1, add 2, add 3. Initialize the values of two data members using constructor and display their addition using function.

Description : Write a program in C++ to declare a class measure having data members as add 1, add 2, add 3. Initialize the values of two data members using constructor and display their addition using function.

Last Answer : #include<iostream.h> #include<conio.h> class measure { public: int add1,add2,add3; measure(int a,int b) { add1=a; add2=b; } void cal() { add3=add1+add2; } void display() ... ;>a>>b; measure m1(a, b); m1.cal(); m1.display(); getch(); }

State and describe access specifiers used inside class to declare members.

Description : State and describe access specifiers used inside class to declare members.

Last Answer : Access specifiers: 1. private 2. protected 3. public Private access specifier: Class members declared as private can be accessed only from within the class. Outside class access is not allowed for private members of ... { private: int a; protected: int b; public: void display() { cout

How to define virtual function? Give example.

Description : How to define virtual function? Give example.

Last Answer : A virtual function is a member function that is declared within a base class and redefined by a derived class. To define virtual function following syntax is used: Class baseclass { virtual function_name() { } ... } }; Example: #include class Base { public: virtual void show( ) { cout

Define constructor. State any two types of constructor.

Description : Define constructor. State any two types of constructor.

Last Answer : Definition: A constructor is a special member function whose task is to initialize the objects of its class. Types of constructor: 1) Default constructor 2) Parameterized constructor 3) Copy Constructor 4) Constructor with default value 5) Multiple constructor/overloaded constructor

Define pointer variable. Give its syntax.

Description : Define pointer variable. Give its syntax.

Last Answer : Definition: Pointer is a variable that holds memory address of another variable of similar data type.  Syntax to declare pointer variable: data_type *pointer_variable;

Define multiple inheritance. Give example.

Description : Define multiple inheritance. Give example.

Last Answer : Multiple Inheritance: When a single class is derived from more than one base class then it is known as multiple inheritance. A derived class can inherit the attributes of all base classes from which it ... derived class derived from two base classes base class Test and base class Sports .  

Define polymorphism. Enlist its types.

Description : Define polymorphism. Enlist its types.

Last Answer : Definition: Polymorphism means ability to take more than one form that means a program can have more than one function with same name but different behavior. Types of polymorphism: 1) Compile time polymorphism 2) Runtime polymorphism 

Define pointer. Give syntax for declaration of pointer.

Description : Define pointer. Give syntax for declaration of pointer. 

Last Answer : Definition: Pointer is a variable that holds memory address of another variable of similar data type.  Syntax to declare pointer variable: data_type *pointer_variable;

Define pointer.

Description : Define pointer.

Last Answer : Pointer is a variable which holds an address of another variable of same data type.

Write a program which concate and reverse string by using pointer to string.

Description : Write a program which concate and reverse string by using pointer to string.

Last Answer : #include #include void main()  { char str1[20], str2[20], rev[20],*p1,*p2; int cnt=0; clrscr(); coutstr2;  p1=&str1[0];  p2=&str2[0]; while(*p1!='\0')  { p1++;  } while(*p2!='\0')  { *p1=*p2; p1++; p2++;  }  *p1='\0'; cout

What is function? What is call by value? What is call by reference? What is the difference between them?

Description : What is function? What is call by value? What is call by reference? What is the difference between them?

Last Answer : Function: A function is a group/set of statements/instruction that performs a specific task. It can be system defined i.e. clrscr(), getch(), or user defined i.e. add(), sub(). ... reflected inside as well as outside the function. Difference between Call by Value and Call by Reference:

What is polymorphism? Enlist different types of polymorphism. What are the differences between them?

Description : What is polymorphism? Enlist different types of polymorphism. What are the differences between them?

Last Answer : Polymorphism: It is a feature of object oriented programming which allows a programmer to have a more than one function having same name but different /same parameters but performs different/ ... Compile Time polymorphism o Virtual Function Difference between Types of Polymorphism:

Write a program which perform arithmetic operation using pointer.

Description : Write a program which perform arithmetic operation using pointer.

Last Answer : #include<iostream.h> #include<conio.h> void main() { int num[5]={56,75,22,18,90}; int ptr; int i; cout<< array elements are:: ; for(i=0;i<5;i++) ptr=num; cout<< ... 3; cout<< value of ptr+=3:: <<*ptr; cout<< \n ; getch(); }

What is structure? How user declare structure? Give example.

Description : What is structure? How user declare structure? Give example.

Last Answer : Structure is a collection of different data types written under a common name. It is a user defined data type. To Define a structure following Syntax is use:- struct structure_name { data_type variable 1; data_type ... () {  Person p1; cout>p1.name; cout> p1.age; cout> p1.salary; cout

What is copy constructor? Explain with example.

Description : What is copy constructor? Explain with example.

Last Answer : Copy constructor: The copy constructor is a constructor which creates an object by initializing it with an object of the same class, which has been created previously. The copy constructor is used to: ... ; // Copy constructor is called here // Let us access values assigned by constructors cout

Explain how to pass object as function argument.

Description : Explain how to pass object as function argument.

Last Answer : An object may be used as function arguments in two methods:- i) A copy of the entire object is passed to the function. ii) Only the address of the object is transferred to the function. 1) Pass-by-value Since a copy ... (int h, int m) { hours = h; minutes = m; } void puttime(void)  { cout

Write a program which implement the concept of overloaded constructor.

Description : Write a program which implement the concept of overloaded constructor.

Last Answer : #include #include class integer { int m,n; public: integer() { m=0; n=0; } //default constructor 1 integer(int a, int b) { m=a; n=b; } //Parameterized constructor 2 integer(integer &i) { m=i.m; n=i.n; } //copy constructor 3 }; void display() { cout

Explain different operator used in C++.

Description : Explain different operator used in C++.

Last Answer : :: Scope resolution operator: This operator allows access to the global version of a variable. Scope resolution operator is also used in classes to identify the class to which a member function belongs. :: ... and assigns it to the variable on its right. It is used with cin statement to input data.

Explain the need of static member function with example.

Description : Explain the need of static member function with example.

Last Answer : A static member function can have access to only other static members (functions or variables) declared in the same class. A static member function can be called using the class name as follows: class_name:: ... test::showcount(); -------------Call to static member function. }

Write down characteristics of object oriented programming.

Description : Write down characteristics of object oriented programming.

Last Answer : Characteristics of object oriented programming are: Emphasis is on data rather than procedure. Programs are divided into objects. Data structures are designed such that they characterize the ... can be easily added whenever necessary. Follows bottom-up approach in program designing. 

What is pure virtual functions? Write down the rules used for pure virtual function.

Description : What is pure virtual functions? Write down the rules used for pure virtual function.

Last Answer : A pure virtual function is a function which is declared in a base class and which does not have definition relative to the base class. In such cases, the compiler requires each derived class to either ... A class containing pure virtual functions cannot be used to declare any objects of its own.  

What is destructor? How destructor is declared? When destructor is invoked?

Description : What is destructor? How destructor is declared? When destructor is invoked?

Last Answer : Destructor: A destructor is a special member function used to destroy the objects that are created by a constructor. Declaration: Destructor is declared in public section of a class. It is member function ... from the program (or block or function) to clean up storage that is no longer accessible. 

What is multiple inheritance? What is multilevel inheritance? What is difference between them?

Description : What is multiple inheritance? What is multilevel inheritance? What is difference between them?

Last Answer : Multiple Inheritance: When A derived class is derived from more than one base class then it is known as multiple inheritance. A derived class can inherit the attributes of all base classes ... , last derived class will inherit only public property of all class including intermediate class.

What is parametrized constructor? Explain with example.

Description : What is parametrized constructor? Explain with example.

Last Answer : A constructor that can take arguments is known as parameterized constructor. In some applications, it may be necessary to initialize the various data members of different objects with different values when they ... object is created. Member function put displays the value of data member m . 

What do you mean by overloaded constructor?

Description : What do you mean by overloaded constructor?

Last Answer : When more than one constructor function is defined in a class, it is referred as overloaded constructor. Each overloaded constructor function is invoked with respect to arguments pass in the function call.

Write a program to find whether the string is palindrome or not.

Description : Write a program to find whether the string is palindrome or not.

Last Answer : #include #include #include void main() { char str1[10],str2[10]; int c; clrscr(); coutstr1; strcpy(str2,str1); strrev(str2); cout

Write a program for multiple inheritance.

Description : Write a program for multiple inheritance. 

Last Answer : #include #include class base1 { public: void show1() { cout