CALIFORNIA MUSSEL (Mytilus californianus)
Habitat: Rocky intertidal zone from Alaska to Baja California.
Size: 25 cm (10 in) long, 10 cm (4 in) high
Position in food web: Filter feeder: Feeds on phytoplankton and suspended organic material.
Prey for lobsters, sea stars, shore birds, snails, and several species of fish. Also collected by humans.
Interesting facts:
Mussels can withstand the heavy wave action of the intertidal zone due to their rounded shell and by cementing themselves to rocks with byssal threads. Byssal threads are secreted as a liquid but quickly harden into a fibrous solid upon contact with salt water.
Byssal threads are as strong as steel and scientists cannot figure out how to replicate them.
Toxins such as domoic acid can bioaccumulate, or multiply, in mussels that feed on phytoplankton during red tides. These neurotoxins affect mammals that eat the infected mussels causing memory loss and brain damage in humans and causing tremors, seizures, and disorientation in marine mammals.
Relatives: scallops, squid, and sea hares