DefinitionFanconi syndrome is a disorder of the kidney tubes in which certain substances normally absorbed into the bloodstream by the kidneys are released into the urine instead.Alternative NamesDe Toni-Fanconi syndromeCauses, incidence, and risk factorsFanconi syndrome can be caused by faulty genes, or it may result later in life due to kidney damage. Sometimes the cause of Fanconi syndrome is unknown.Common causes of Fanconi syndrome in children are genetic defects that affect the body's ability to break down certain compounds such as:Cystine (cystinosis)Fructose (fructose intolerance)Galactose (galactosemia)Glycogen (glycogen storage disease)Cystinosis is the most common cause of Fanconi syndrome in children.Other causes in children include:Exposure to heavy metals such as lead, Mercur