How do you figure out how many valence electrons an atom has based on its location on the periodic table?

How do you figure out how many valence electrons an atom has based on its location on the periodic table?
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For groups 1-2 the number of valence electrons is equal to the number of the group.For groups 13-18 the number of valence electrons is equal to the number of the group, but with numbering starting up from 3 (13), 4 (14) , etc. (transition metals excluded).
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