DES and public key algorithm are combined (i) to speed up encrypted message transmission (ii)to ensure higher security by using different key for each transmission (iii) as a combination is always better than individual system (iv) as it is required in e-Commerce a. i and ii b. ii and iii c. iii and iv d. i and iv

DES and public key algorithm are combined (i) to speed up encrypted message transmission (ii)to ensure higher security by using different key for each transmission (iii) as a combination is always better than individual system (iv) as it is required in e-Commerce a. i and ii b. ii and iii c. iii and iv d. i and iv  
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a. i and ii
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Related questions

Message can be sent more securely using DES by a. encrypting plain text by a different randomly selected key for each transmission b. encrypting plain text by a different random key for each message transmission and sending the key to the receiver using a public key system c. using an algorithm to implement DES instead of using hardware d. designing DES with high security and not publicizing algorithm used by it

Description : Message can be sent more securely using DES by a. encrypting plain text by a different randomly selected key for each transmission b. encrypting plain text by a different random key for each ... instead of using hardware d. designing DES with high security and not publicizing algorithm used by it  

Last Answer : b. encrypting plain text by a different random key for each message transmission and sending the key to the receiver using a public key system

DES (i) is a symmetric key encryption method (ii)guarantees absolute security (iii) is implementable as hardware VLSI chip (iv) is a public key encryption method a. i and ii b. ii and iii c. i and iii d. iii and iv

Description : DES (i) is a symmetric key encryption method (ii)guarantees absolute security (iii) is implementable as hardware VLSI chip (iv) is a public key encryption method a. i and ii b. ii and iii c. i and iii d. iii and iv

Last Answer : c. i and iii 

In NetBill’s protocol for small payments for internet services (i) Key to decrypt information is sent to customer by NetBill only when there is enough amount in debit account (ii) The vendor supplies the key to NetBill server when he receives payment (iii) Checksum of encrypted information received by customer is attached to his payment order (iv) Vendor does not encrypt information purchased by customer a. i, ii b. i, ii, iii c. i, ii, iii, iv d. i, ii, iv

Description : In NetBill's protocol for small payments for internet services (i) Key to decrypt information is sent to customer by NetBill only when there is enough amount in debit account (ii) The vendor supplies the key to NetBill server when he ... i, ii b. i, ii, iii c. i, ii, iii, iv d. i, ii, iv

Last Answer : b. i, ii, iii 

In public key encryption if A wants to send an encrypted message a. A encrypts message using his private key b. A encrypts message using B’s private key c. A encrypts message using B’s public key d. A encrypts message using his public key

Description : In public key encryption if A wants to send an encrypted message a. A encrypts message using his private key b. A encrypts message using B’s private key c. A encrypts message using B’s public key d. A encrypts message using his public key  

Last Answer : c. A encrypts message using B’s public key 

While sending a signed message, a sender a. sends message key using public key encryption using DES and hashed message using public key encryption b. sends message using public key encryption and hashed message using DES c. sends both message and hashed message using DES d. sends both message and hashed message using public key encryption

Description : While sending a signed message, a sender a. sends message key using public key encryption using DES and hashed message using public key encryption b. sends message using public key encryption ... and hashed message using DES d. sends both message and hashed message using public key encryption

Last Answer : a. sends message key using public key encryption using DES and hashed message using public key encryption  

Public key encryption method is a system a. which uses a set of public keys one for each participant in e-Commerce b. in which each person who wants to communicate has two keys; a private key known to him only and a public key which is publicized to enable others to send message to him. c. which uses the RSA coding system. d. which is a standard for use in e-Commerce.

Description : Public key encryption method is a system a. which uses a set of public keys one for each participant in e-Commerce b. in which each person who wants to communicate has two keys; a private key known to him ... him. c. which uses the RSA coding system. d. which is a standard for use in e-Commerce.  

Last Answer : b. in which each person who wants to communicate has two keys; a private key known to him only and a public key which is publicized to enable others to send message to him.

By security in e-Commerce we mean (i) Protecting an organization’s data resource from unauthorized access (ii)Preventing disasters from happening (iii) Authenticating messages received by an organization (iv) Protecting messages sent on the internet from being read and understood by unauthorized persons/organizations a. i, ii b. ii, iii c. iii, iv d. i, iii, iv

Description : By security in e-Commerce we mean (i) Protecting an organization's data resource from unauthorized access (ii)Preventing disasters from happening (iii) Authenticating messages received by an organization (iv) Protecting messages sent on ... a. i, ii b. ii, iii c. iii, iv d. i, iii, iv

Last Answer : It's D

Disadvantages of e-Commerce in India are (i) internet access is not universally available (ii) Credit card payment security is not yet guaranteed (iii) Transactions are de-personalized and human contact is missing (iv) Cyberlaws are not in place a. i and ii b. ii and iii c. i, ii, iii d. i, ii, iii, iv

Description : Disadvantages of e-Commerce in India are  (i) internet access is not universally available  (ii) Credit card payment security is not yet guaranteed  (iii) Transactions are de-personalized and human contact is missing  (iv) Cyberlaws ... i and ii b. ii and iii c. i, ii, iii d. i, ii, iii, iv

Last Answer : c. i, ii, iii  

Triple DES a. is a symmetric key encryption method b. guarantees excellent security c. is implementable as a hardware VLSI chip d. is public key encryption method with three keys.

Description : Triple DES a. is a symmetric key encryption method b. guarantees excellent security c. is implementable as a hardware VLSI chip d. is public key encryption method with three keys. 

Last Answer : b. guarantees excellent security  

Advantages of B2C commerce to customers are (i)wide variety of goods can be accessed and comparative prices can be found (ii) shopping can be done at any time (iii)privacy of transactions can be guaranteed (iv)security of transactions can be guaranteed a. i and ii b. ii and iii c. iii and iv d. i and iv

Description : Advantages of B2C commerce to customers are  (i)wide variety of goods can be accessed and comparative prices  can be found  (ii) shopping can be done at any time  (iii)privacy of transactions can be guaranteed  (iv) ... be guaranteed a. i and ii b. ii and iii c. iii and iv d. i and iv

Last Answer : a. i and ii  

In SET protocol a customer sends a purchase order a. encrypted with his public key b. in plain text form c. encrypted using Bank’s public key d. using digital Signature system

Description : In SET protocol a customer sends a purchase order a. encrypted with his public key b. in plain text form c. encrypted using Bank’s public key d. using digital Signature system

Last Answer : d. using digital Signature system 

Advantages of B2C commerce are (i) Business gets a wide reach to customers (ii) Payment for services easy (iii)Shop can be open 24 hours a day seven days a week (iv)Privacy of transaction always maintained a. i and ii b. ii and iii c. i and iii d. iii and iv

Description : Advantages of B2C commerce are  (i) Business gets a wide reach to customers  (ii) Payment for services easy  (iii)Shop can be open 24 hours a day seven days a week  (iv)Privacy of transaction always maintained a. i and ii b. ii and iii c. i and iii d. iii and iv

Last Answer : c. i and iii  

A digital signature is required (i) to tie an electronic message to the sender’s identity (ii)for non repudiation of communication by a sender (iii) to prove that a message was sent by the sender in a court of law (iv) in all e-mail transactions a. i and ii b. i, ii, iii c. i, ii, iii, iv d. ii, iii, iv

Description : A digital signature is required (i) to tie an electronic message to the sender's identity (ii)for non repudiation of communication by a sender (iii) to prove that a message was sent by the sender in a court of law (iv) in all ... a. i and ii b. i, ii, iii c. i, ii, iii, iv d. ii, iii, iv

Last Answer : b. i, ii, iii

ripple DES a. Cannot be broken in reasonable time using presently available computers. b. Can be broken only if the algorithm is known using even slow computer. c. Can be broken with presently available high performance computers. d. It is impossible to break ever.

Description : ripple DES a. Cannot be broken in reasonable time using presently available computers. b. Can be broken only if the algorithm is known using even slow computer. c. Can be broken with presently available high performance computers. d. It is impossible to break ever. 

Last Answer : a. Cannot be broken in reasonable time using presently available computers.  

DES using 56 bit keys a. Cannot be broken in reasonable time using presently available computers b. Can be broken only if the algorithm is known using even slow computers. c. Can be broken with presently available high performance computers. d. It is impossible to break ever.

Description : DES using 56 bit keys a. Cannot be broken in reasonable time using presently available computers b. Can be broken only if the algorithm is known using even slow computers. c. Can be broken with presently available high performance computers. d. It is impossible to break ever.

Last Answer : c. Can be broken with presently available high performance computers. 

In B2B e-Commerce (i) Co-operating Business should give an EDI standard to be used (ii) Programs must be developed to translate EDI forms to a form accepted by application program (iii) Method of transmitting/receiving data should be mutually agreed (iv) It is essential to use internet a. i, ii b. i, ii, iii c. i, ii, iii, iv d. ii, iii, iv

Description : In B2B e-Commerce (i) Co-operating Business should give an EDI standard to be used (ii) Programs must be developed to translate EDI forms to a form accepted by application program (iii) Method of transmitting/receiving data should be ... . i, ii b. i, ii, iii c. i, ii, iii, iv d. ii, iii, iv

Last Answer : b. i, ii, iii 

For carrying out C2C e-Commerce the following infrastructure is essential (i) World Wide Web (ii) Corporate network (iii) Electronic Data Interchange standards (iv) Secure Payment Services (v)Secure electronic communication link connecting businesses a. i and ii b. ii and iv c. i and iii d. i and iv

Description : For carrying out C2C e-Commerce the following infrastructure is essential  (i) World Wide Web  (ii) Corporate network  (iii) Electronic Data Interchange standards  (iv) Secure Payment Services  (v)Secure electronic communication link ... a. i and ii b. ii and iv c. i and iii d. i and iv

Last Answer : c. i and iii  

For carrying out B2C e-Commerce the following infrastructure is essential (i) World Wide Web (ii) Corporate network (iii) Electronic Data Interchange standards (iv) Secure Payment Services (v) Secure electronic communication link connecting businesses a. i, iv b. i, iii, iv c. ii, iii d. i, ii, iii, iv

Description : For carrying out B2C e-Commerce the following infrastructure is essential  (i) World Wide Web  (ii) Corporate network  (iii) Electronic Data Interchange standards  (iv) Secure Payment Services  (v) Secure electronic communication link ... . i, iv b. i, iii, iv c. ii, iii d. i, ii, iii, iv

Last Answer : a. i, iv

For carrying out B2B e-Commerce the following infrastructure is essential: (i) World Wide Web (ii) Corporate network (iii) Electronic Data Interchange standards (iv) Secure Payment Services (v)Secure electronic communication link connecting businesses a. i, ii, iii b. ii, iii, iv c. ii, iii, iv, v d. i, ii, iii, iv, v

Description : For carrying out B2B e-Commerce the following infrastructure is essential:  (i) World Wide Web  (ii) Corporate network  (iii) Electronic Data Interchange standards  (iv) Secure Payment Services  (v)Secure electronic communication link ... . ii, iii, iv c. ii, iii, iv, v d. i, ii, iii, iv, v

Last Answer : c. ii, iii, iv, v 

In the NetBill’s protocol for small payments for services available in the internet. (i) the customer is charged only when the information is delivered (ii)the vendor is guaranteed payment when information is delivered (iii) the customer must have a certified credit card (iv) the customer must have a valid public key a. i, ii b. i, ii, iii c. i, ii, iii, iv d. i, ii, iv

Description : In the NetBill's protocol for small payments for services available in the internet. (i) the customer is charged only when the information is delivered (ii)the vendor is guaranteed payment when information is delivered  (iii) the customer ... , ii b. i, ii, iii c. i, ii, iii, iv d. i, ii, iv 

Last Answer : d. i, ii, iv

The responsibility of a certification authority for digital signature is to authenticate the a. hash function used b. private keys of subscribers c. public keys of subscribers d. key used in DES

Description : The responsibility of a certification authority for digital signature is to authenticate the a. hash function used b. private keys of subscribers c. public keys of subscribers d. key used in DES 

Last Answer : c. public keys of subscribers  

A hashing function for digital signature (i) must give a hashed message which is shorter than the original message (ii)must be hardware implementable (iii) two different messages should not give the same hashed message (iv) is not essential for implementing digital signature a. i and ii b. ii and iii c. i and iii d. iii and iv

Description : A hashing function for digital signature (i) must give a hashed message which is shorter than the original message (ii)must be hardware implementable (iii) two different messages should not give the same hashed message (iv) ... signature a. i and ii b. ii and iii c. i and iii d. iii and iv

Last Answer : c. i and iii 

Triple DES uses a. 168 bit keys on 64-bit blocks of plain text b. Working on 64-bit blocks of plain text and 56 bit keys by applying DES algorithm for three rounds. c. Works with 144 bit blocks of plain text and applies DES algorithm once. d. Uses 128 bit blocks of plain text and 112 bit keys and apply DES algorithm thrice.

Description : Triple DES uses a. 168 bit keys on 64-bit blocks of plain text b. Working on 64-bit blocks of plain text and 56 bit keys by applying DES algorithm for three rounds. c. Works with 144 bit ... algorithm once. d. Uses 128 bit blocks of plain text and 112 bit keys and apply DES algorithm thrice. 

Last Answer : b. Working on 64-bit blocks of plain text and 56 bit keys by applying DES algorithm for three rounds. 

DES works by using a. permutation and substitution on 64 bit blocks of plain text b. only permutations on blocks of 128 bits c. exclusive ORing key bits with 64 bit blocks d. 4 rounds of substitution on 64 bit blocks with 56 bit keys

Description : DES works by using a. permutation and substitution on 64 bit blocks of plain text b. only permutations on blocks of 128 bits c. exclusive ORing key bits with 64 bit blocks d. 4 rounds of substitution on 64 bit blocks with 56 bit keys

Last Answer : a. permutation and substitution on 64 bit blocks of plain text 

One of the problems with using SET protocol is a. the merchant’s risk is high as he accepts encrypted credit card b. the credit card company should check digital signature c. the bank has to keep a database of the public keys of all customers d. the bank has to keep a database of digital signatures of all customers

Description : One of the problems with using SET protocol is a. the merchant's risk is high as he accepts encrypted credit card b. the credit card company should check digital signature c. the bank has to ... of all customers d. the bank has to keep a database of digital signatures of all customers 

Last Answer : c. the bank has to keep a database of the public keys of all customers

A digital signature is a. a bit string giving identity of a correspondent b. a unique identification of a sender c. an authentication of an electronic record by tying it uniquely to a key only a sender knows d. an encrypted signature of a sender

Description : A digital signature is a. a bit string giving identity of a correspondent b. a unique identification of a sender c. an authentication of an electronic record by tying it uniquely to a key only a sender knows d. an encrypted signature of a sender 

Last Answer : c. an authentication of an electronic record by tying it uniquely to a key only a sender knows

In public key encryption system if A encrypts a message using his private key and sends it to B a. if B knows it is from A he can decrypt it using A’s public key b. Even if B knows who sent the message it cannot be decrypted c. It cannot be decrypted at all as no one knows A’s private key d. A should send his public key with the message

Description : In public key encryption system if A encrypts a message using his private key and sends it to B a. if B knows it is from A he can decrypt it using A's public key b. Even if B knows who sent the ... be decrypted at all as no one knows A's private key d. A should send his public key with the message

Last Answer : a. if B knows it is from A he can decrypt it using A’s public key 

Hashed message is signed by a sender using a. his public key b. his private key c. receiver’s public key d. receiver’s private key

Description : Hashed message is signed by a sender using a. his public key b. his private key c. receiver’s public key d. receiver’s private key

Last Answer : b. his private key  

Proxy application gateway (i) acts on behalf of all intranet users wanting to access interne securely (ii)monitors all accesses to internet and allows access to only specified IP addresses (iii) disallows use of certain protocols with security problems (iv) disallows all internet users from accessing intranet a. i, ii b. i, ii, iii c. i, ii, iii, iv d. ii, iii, iv

Description : Proxy application gateway (i) acts on behalf of all intranet users wanting to access interne securely (ii)monitors all accesses to internet and allows access to only specified IP addresses (iii) disallows use of certain protocols with ... ii b. i, ii, iii c. i, ii, iii, iv d. ii, iii, iv

Last Answer : b. i, ii, iii 

Encryption is required to (i) protect business information from eavesdropping when it is transmitted on internet (ii)efficiently use the bandwidth available in PSTN (iii) to protect information stored in companies’ databases from retrieval (iv) to preserve secrecy of information stored in databases if an unauthorized person retrieves it a. i and ii b. ii and iii c. iii and iv d. i and iv

Description : Encryption is required to (i) protect business information from eavesdropping when it is transmitted on internet (ii)efficiently use the bandwidth available in PSTN (iii) to protect information stored in companies' databases from ... a. i and ii b. ii and iii c. iii and iv d. i and iv

Last Answer : d. i and iv 

A hardened firewall host on an Intranet is a. a software which runs in any of the computers in the intranet b. a software which runs on a special reserved computer on the intranet c. a stripped down computer connected to the intranet d. a mainframe connected to the intranet to ensure security

Description : A hardened firewall host on an Intranet is a. a software which runs in any of the computers in the intranet b. a software which runs on a special reserved computer on the intranet c. a stripped down computer connected to the intranet d. a mainframe connected to the intranet to ensure security

Last Answer : b. a software which runs on a special reserved computer on the intranet 

The acronym DES stands for a. Digital Evaluation System b. Digital Encryption Standard c. Digital Encryption System d. Double Encryption Standard

Description : The acronym DES stands for a. Digital Evaluation System b. Digital Encryption Standard c. Digital Encryption System d. Double Encryption Standard

Last Answer : b. Digital Encryption Standard 

EDI standards are a. not universally available b. essential for B2B commerce c. not required for B2B commerce d. still being evolved

Description : EDI standards are a. not universally available b. essential for B2B commerce c. not required for B2B commerce d. still being evolved

Last Answer : b. essential for B2B commerce 

In Electronic cash payment (i) a customer withdraws “coins” in various denominations signed by the bank (ii)the bank has a database of issued coins (iii) the bank has a database of spent coins (iv) the bank cannot trace a customer a. i, ii b. i, ii, iii c. i, ii, iii, iv d. ii, iii, iv

Description : In Electronic cash payment (i) a customer withdraws “coins” in various denominations signed by the bank (ii)the bank has a database of issued coins (iii) the bank has a database of spent coins (iv) the bank cannot trace a customer a. i, ii b. i, ii, iii c. i, ii, iii, iv d. ii, iii, iv 

Last Answer : b. i, ii, iii 

A hardened firewall host on an intranet (i) has a proxy application gateway program running on it (ii)Allows specified internet users to access specified services in the intranet (iii) Initiates all internet activities requested by clients and monitors them (iv) prevents outsiders from accessing IP addresses within the intranet a. i, ii b. i, ii, iii c. i, ii, iii, iv d. ii, iii, iv

Description : A hardened firewall host on an intranet (i) has a proxy application gateway program running on it (ii)Allows specified internet users to access specified services in the intranet (iii) Initiates all internet activities requested by clients ... ii b. i, ii, iii c. i, ii, iii, iv d. ii, iii, iv

Last Answer : c. i, ii, iii, iv 

Filtering of packets by firewall based on a router has facilities to a. i, iii b. i, ii, iii c. i, ii, iii, iv d. ii, iii, iv

Description : Filtering of packets by firewall based on a router has facilities to a. i, iii b. i, ii, iii c. i, ii, iii, iv d. ii, iii, iv

Last Answer : b. i, ii, iii 

Electronic Data Interchange is necessary in a. B2C e-Commerce b. C2C e-Commerce c. B2B e-Commerce d. Commerce using internet

Description : Electronic Data Interchange is necessary in a. B2C e-Commerce b. C2C e-Commerce c. B2B e-Commerce d. Commerce using internet

Last Answer : c. B2B e-Commerce 

In cheque payment protocol, the purchase order form is signed by purchaser using a. his public key b. his private key c. his private key using his signature hardware d. various public keys

Description : In cheque payment protocol, the purchase order form is signed by purchaser using a. his public key b. his private key c. his private key using his signature hardware d. various public keys

Last Answer : c. his private key using his signature hardware  

In SET protocol a customer encrypts credit card number using a. his private key b. bank’s public key c. bank’s private key d. merchant’s public key

Description : In SET protocol a customer encrypts credit card number using a. his private key b. bank’s public key c. bank’s private key d. merchant’s public key 

Last Answer : b. bank’s public key  

By Electronic Commerce we mean: a. Commerce of electronic goods b. Commerce which depends on electronics c. Commerce which is based on the use of internet d. Commerce which is based on transactions using computers connected by telecommunication network

Description : By Electronic Commerce we mean: a. Commerce of electronic goods b. Commerce which depends on electronics c. Commerce which is based on the use of internet d. Commerce which is based on transactions using computers connected by telecommunication network

Last Answer : d. Commerce which is based on transactions using computers connected by telecommunication network

Public key system is useful because a. it uses two keys. b. there is no key distribution problem as public key can be kept in a commonly accessible database. c. private key can be kept secret. d. it is a symmetric key system.

Description : Public key system is useful because a. it uses two keys. b. there is no key distribution problem as public key can be kept in a commonly accessible database. c. private key can be kept secret. d. it is a symmetric key system. 

Last Answer : b. there is no key distribution problem as public key can be kept in a commonly accessible database.  

Firewall as part of a router program a. filters only packets coming from internet b. filters only packets going to internet c. filters packets travelling from and to the intranet from the internet d. ensures rapid traffic of packets for speedy e-Commerce

Description : Firewall as part of a router program a. filters only packets coming from internet b. filters only packets going to internet c. filters packets travelling from and to the intranet from the internet d. ensures rapid traffic of packets for speedy e-Commerce

Last Answer : c. filters packets travelling from and to the intranet from the internet 

EDIFACT is a standard a. for representing business forms used in e-Commerce b. for e-mail transaction for e-Commerce c. for ftp in e-Commerce d. protocol used in e-Commerce

Description : EDIFACT is a standard a. for representing business forms used in e-Commerce b. for e-mail transaction for e-Commerce c. for ftp in e-Commerce d. protocol used in e-Commerce

Last Answer : a. for representing business forms used in e-Commerce 

Certification of Digital signature by an independent authority is needed because a. it is safe b. it gives confidence to a business c. the authority checks and assures customers that the public key indeed belongs to the business which claims its ownership d. private key claimed by a sender may not be actually his

Description : Certification of Digital signature by an independent authority is needed because a. it is safe b. it gives confidence to a business c. the authority checks and assures customers that the public ... business which claims its ownership d. private key claimed by a sender may not be actually his 

Last Answer : c. the authority checks and assures customers that the public key indeed belongs to the business which claims its ownership 

By symmetric key encryption we mean a. one private key is used for both encryption and decryption b. private and public key used are symmetric c. only public keys are used for encryption d. only symmetric key is used for encryption

Description : By symmetric key encryption we mean a. one private key is used for both encryption and decryption b. private and public key used are symmetric c. only public keys are used for encryption d. only symmetric key is used for encryption

Last Answer : D

B2C commerce a. includes services such as legal advice b. means only shopping for physical goods c. means only customers should approach customers to sell d. means only customers should approach business to buy

Description : B2C commerce a. includes services such as legal advice b. means only shopping for physical goods c. means only customers should approach customers to sell d. means only customers should approach business to buy

Last Answer : a. includes services such as legal advice 

Find the false statement: (A) In Modern Cryptography, symmetric key algorithms use same key both for Encryption and Decryption. (B) The Symmetric cipher DES (Data Encryption Standard) was widely used in the industry for security product. (C) The AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) cryptosystem allows variable key lengths of size 56 bits and 124 bits. (D) Public key algorithms use two different keys for Encryption and Decryption.

Description : Find the false statement: (A) In Modern Cryptography, symmetric key algorithms use same key both for Encryption and Decryption. (B) The Symmetric cipher DES (Data Encryption Standard) was widely used ... and 124 bits. (D) Public key algorithms use two different keys for Encryption and Decryption.

Last Answer : (C) The AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) cryptosystem allows variable key lengths of size 56 bits and 124 bits.

EDI standard a. is not easily available b. defines several hundred transaction sets for various business forms c. is not popular d. defines only a transmission protocol

Description : EDI standard a. is not easily available b. defines several hundred transaction sets for various business forms c. is not popular d. defines only a transmission protocol

Last Answer : b. defines several hundred transaction sets for various business forms 

For secure EDI transmission on internet a. MIME is used b. S/MIME is used c. PGP is used d. TCP/IP is used

Description : For secure EDI transmission on internet a. MIME is used b. S/MIME is used c. PGP is used d. TCP/IP is used

Last Answer : b. S/MIME is used 

By encryption of a text we mean a. compressing it b. expanding it c. scrambling it to preserve its security d. hashing it

Description : By encryption of a text we mean a. compressing it b. expanding it c. scrambling it to preserve its security d. hashing it

Last Answer : c. scrambling it to preserve its security