Some characteristics of modern operating system are as follows:1. Microkernel ArchitectureProvide a communication facility between the client program and the various services that are also running in user space.2. Multl-ThreadlngIt is a process, which can be divided into threads, that can run simultaneously. In other words, it is the ability of an OS to execute different parts of a program called threads, simultaneously by more than one user at a time.(a) ThreadIt is a dispatchable unit of work. It includes a processor context program counter, stack pointer and its own data storage for the stack. It executes sequentially and is interruptible. It is a light weight process. In other words, it is the smallest sequence of program instructions in execution. Threads are managed by OS scheduler.(b) ProcessProcess is a collection of one or more threads. Each process have its own address in memory, i.e. each process allocates separate memory area. Switching from one process to another require some time for saving and loading registers, memory maps, updating lists etc.3. Symmetric Multi-ProcessingIn this processing, stand-alone computers with multiple processors that share the common memory and I/O facilities are connected by a communication bus. All processors can perform the same functions.4. Object-Oriented DesignIt is used for adding modular extensions to a small kernel. Also, it enable programmers to customise an OS without disrupting system integrity.