1. By the beginning of the 17 th century the town of Ramdaspur, Amritsar had developed around the central Gurudwara known as Harmandar Sahib, the Golden Temple. 2. It was virtually self- governinh body and the modern historians refer to the early 17 th century Sikh community as ‘a state within state’. This made the Mughal emperor Jahangir hostile to the Sikh community. 3. He looked upon them as a potential threat and he ordered the execution of Guru Arjan in 1606. 4. It is from the time the Sikh movement began the gain momentum. 5. It was a development which culminated in the institution of the Khalsa by Guru Gobind Singh in 1699.