(i) In some cases the pressure groups are either formed or led by the leaders of political parties or act as extended arms of political parties. For examples, most trade unions and students organisations in India are either established by or affiliated to one or another major political party. (ii) In many cases political parties have grown out of movements. For instance, students movement against the ‘foreigners’ in Assam led to the formation of Asom Gana Parishad (AGP). The DMK and the AIADMK in Tamil Nadu arose out of a long-drawn social reform movement during the 1930 and 1940s. (iii) Most of the time, the relationship between parties and pressure groups is not so direct.They often take positions that are opposed to each other. Yet, they are in dialogue and negotiation.