Recent questions tagged basic-surveying

Description : What is surveying?

Last Answer : Surveying is defined as taking a general view of, by observation and measurement determining the boundaries, size, position, quantity, condition, value etc. of land, estates, building, farms ... , datasheets, drawings and in land surveying maps and plan showing the features on the land.

Description : Explain the procedure of finding area of irregular figure by polar planimeter. Also draw sketch of polar planimeter.

Last Answer : Procedure: 1. Set the scale on the tracing arm as per manufacturer's instruction. 2. Select the position of anchor point inside or outside the figure such that tracing point reaches all positions of ...  Use + sign for clockwise and - sign for anticlockwise crossing of zero of dial. 

Description : Explain the procedure for profile levelling and cross Sectioning

Last Answer : For Profile levelling:   1) Let PQR be the given centre line. 2) Mark point at 10 m intervals on this line. 3) Level is set up on a firm ground at a suitable point I1. 4) ... of 5 m on each side. Additional readings may be taken if the nature of the ground surfaces suddenly changes.  

Description : Differentiate between WCB & RB 

Last Answer : Whole circle bearing (WCB)  Reduced Bearing (RB) 1. The horizontal angle made by a line with the magnetic north in the clockwise direction is the whole circle bearing of the line. 1.The horizontal angle made ... . Example: N26°E, S59°E, S65°W, N10°W etc.  6. Fig.   6. Fig.  

Description : Explain the Stepping method of measuring the horizontal distance of sloping ground with sketch. 

Last Answer : In direct method which is also known as stepping method, horizontal distance is directly measured as shown in fig. Stepping Method Horizontal distance between A and B is required to be measured. Procedure ... next step starts from the C and the method is continued till point B reached. 

Description : Write any two precautions to be taken while using planimeter. 

Last Answer : 1. Set the anchor point inside or outside the figure depending on size of figure. If the area is very large ,it can be divided into number of sections. 2. The value of C ( ... moved preciously over the boundary of figure. 3. Operating manual shall be referred before operating different functions

Description : Define i) Back Sight Reading ii) Height of instrument 

Last Answer : i) Back Sight Reading: This is the first staff reading taken in any set up of the instrument after leveling has been perfectly done. This reading is always taken on a point of known RL i.e on bench mark ... by adding the BS reading to the RL of the BM or CP on which the staff reading was taken.

Description : State the types of benchmarks. 

Last Answer : 1) Great Trigonometrical Survey benchmark (GTS) 2) Permanent Benchmark 3) Temporary Benchmark 4) Arbitrary Benchmark

Description : State any four types of tapes 

Last Answer : 1) Cloth / Linen Tape 2) Metallic Tape 3) Steel Tape 4) Invar Tape 5) Digital Tape 6) Synthetic Tape

Description : List any four instruments used for linear measurement 

Last Answer : 1) Chain 2) Tape 3) Arrows 4) Pegs 5) Ranging rod 

Description : State the object of surveying. 

Last Answer : 1. The object of surveying is to prepare a plan / map to show the relative positions of the objects on the surface of the earth. It shows the natural features of a country such as rivers, hills, lakes ... of different points. 3. To determine area of given piece of land. 4. To prepare contour maps. 

Description : State the classification of surveying based on nature of field. 

Last Answer : a) Land surveying b) Marine or Navigation surveying c) Astronomical surveying

Description : List any four methods of plotting a compass traverse survey & explain any one in brief. Also state the meaning of adjustment of closing error of traverse.

Last Answer : Methods of plotting compass traverse are: 1. By parallel meridian through each station. 2. By included angle. 3. By paper protractor. 4. By rectangular co-ordinates. 5. ... . 5. Finally join new points to get corrected traverse ABCDEA after graphical adjustment of closing error. 

Description : Explain the stepwise procedure of estimating volume of reservoir from any contour map.

Last Answer : Reservoirs are made for water supply and for power or irrigation projects. A contour map is very useful to study the possible location of a dam and the volume of water to be confined. All ... reservoir can be estimated by the application of either the trapezoidal or the prismoidal formula.

Description : Mention any four points to be kept in mind while entering the staff reading in a level field book.

Last Answer : The following points kept in mind while entering the staff reading in a level field book. 1) The reading should be entered in the respective columns and in order of their observation. 2) The ... accurately described in the Remarks column, and their sketches drawn on the left hand side of the page.

Description : State the adjustment of dumpy level on field.

Last Answer : Adjustment of dumpy level on field: I. Setting up the level. i. The level fixed on tripod. ii. The legs of tripod stand are well spread so that the level will remain stable on tripod. ... screw till the image is distinct and clear. The cross hair on the diaphragm should also be seen clearly.

Description : Mention the procedure of fly leveling and state the purpose of doing it.

Last Answer : Procedure: 1. Set up the level at a point from where BM is visible and perform temporary adjustments. 2. Position of the level should be approximately midway between the BS and FS stations. 3. ... accuracy of survey. 3. To connect the B.M at any intermediate point of the alignment.

Description : List any eight component parts of prismatic compass with their function in brief.

Last Answer : Component parts of compass with their function. Sr.No Component Function 1 Circular metal box  To protect needle and pivot. 2 Steel pivot To carry magnetic ... prism to eye sight of observer 14 Magnetic needle To obtain the north direction. 

Description : State any two uses of survey

Last Answer : Following are the uses of survey 1) It is basically useful for the measurement of areas. 2) It is useful for other purposes, such as engineering, architectural, commercial, scientific, ... plans in connection with legal documents. 4) Surveying plays an important role in military operations.

Description : List any four component parts of digital planimeter.

Last Answer : Components of digital planimeter: i) Digital display ii) Rolling wheel or Rollers iii) Tracing arm iv) Function keys or buttons v) Sliding wheel vi) Magnifying glass

Description : List any four types of bench marks.

Last Answer : Following are the four types of bench mark (a) GTS Bench-Marks (b) Permanent Bench-Marks (c) Arbitrary Bench-Marks (d) Temporary Bench-Marks

Description : State the meaning of term true bearing.

Last Answer : The horizontal angle between the line and true meridian is called a true bearing of the line.

Description : Define: (i) offset , (ii) Tie line

Last Answer : (i) offset The ground features such as buildings, boundaries, roads ,nallas etc, are located with reference to the chain lines. Distances are measured from the chain lines to the objects right or ... points as tie stations on the main chain lines. It enables surveyor to locate the interior details.

Description : Define the following terms: i) Level line ii) Bench Mark iii) Change point iv) Profile levelling

Last Answer : i) Level line - It is line lying in a level surface; it is therefore, normal to the plumb line at all points. ii) Bench Mark - These are fixed points or marks of known RL determined with ... the centerline of a proposed ditch or road or the centerline of a natural feature such as a stream bed.

Description : List component parts of digital planimeter.

Last Answer : Components of digital planimeter: i) Digital display ii) Rolling wheel or Rollers iii) Tracing arm iv) Function keys or buttons v) Sliding wheel vi) Magnifying glass

Description : Define the terms “contour” and “contour line”.

Last Answer : Contour: An imaginary line on the ground, joining the points of same elevation or same R.L's is called as Contour.  Counter Line: A line passing through points of equal elevation or equal R.L's ... OR The line of intersection of a level surface with ground surface is known as contour line.  

Description : Define the term “line of sight”.

Last Answer : It is the line joining the intersection of cross hairs of diaphragm to the Optical center of object glass and its continuation. It is also called as Line of collimation.

Description : List the types of meridian. 

Last Answer : 1. True meridian 2. Magnetic meridian 3. Arbitrary meridian 4. Grid meridian

Description : List different types of tapes based on material of which they are made.

Last Answer : 1) Cloth or Linen tape 2) Metallic Tape 3) Steel Tape 4) Invar Tape 5) Fiber Glass wired Tape

Description : Define representative fraction of scale.

Last Answer : Representative fraction of scale: A map scale in which figures representing units (as centimeters, inches, or feet) are expressed in the form of the fraction 1/x (as 1/250,000) or of the ratio 1: ... that one unit on the map represents x units (as 250,000 centimeters) on the earth's surface.

Description : State the classification of survey based on object of survey.

Last Answer : Classification of survey based on object of survey - When surveying is carried out for special purpose then survey is classified based on purpose or objective as follows - 1. Geological ... geographic information in the form of digital geo databases and traditional topographic air and marine maps.

Description : Describe procedure for measuring area using digital planimeter.

Last Answer : The procedure of measurement of an area using digital planimeter is as follows: i. Take the area on the plane surface of table and fix it with clips so that while measurement it does not move. ... the end button. vi. The area of given figure is displayed in digital display of digital planimeter. 

Description : Explain four uses of contour map.

Last Answer : Following are uses of contour map: i To draw longitudinal section and plan of given map. ii To determine inter-visibility between two points. iii To trace contour gradient and to locate route ... surfaces and measurement of earth work. vii To determine nature of ground in proposed area.

Description : Draw conventional symbols for i) Compound wall ii) Pucca Building iii) Cutting iv) Embankment

Last Answer : i) Compound wall ii) Pucca Building iii) Cutting iv) Embankment

Description : Explain importance of benchmark in levelling.

Last Answer : i. As bench mark is the ground point whose elevation or R.L. is known or preassumed; the back sight reading (first reading) is taken on it. This back sight (BS) reading is useful to calculate ... and Risefall method. iv. The BM is useful to check the one day's observation through check levelling. 

Description : Explain temporary adjustment of dumpy level. 

Last Answer : Temporary adjustment of dumpy level: I. Setting up the level. i. The level fixed on tripod. ii. The legs of tripod stand are well spread so that the level will remain stable on tripod. ... screw till the image is distinct and clear. The cross hair on the diaphragm should also be seen clearly.

Description : Explain the principle of surveying.

Last Answer : Principle of surveying are as follows: i. To work from whole to part. According to the first principle, the whole area is first enclosed by main stations and main survey ... The new station or ground point is located using linear measurement or angular measurement or both measurements.

Description : Define: i) Magnetic bearing ii) FB iii) BB iv) Bearing of line.

Last Answer : i. Magnetic bearing; The bearing of a line measured with respect to magnetic north in clockwise manner is called as magnetic bearing. ii. Fore bearing: The bearing observed in the direction of progress ... made by survey line with respect to meridian (North direction) is known as bearing of line.  

Description : Enlist the components of digital planimeter.

Last Answer : Components of digital planimeter: i. Digital display ii. Rolling wheel or Rollers iii. Tracing arm iv. Functional keys or buttons v. Sliding wheel

Description : Define “Contour” and “Contour line”.

Last Answer : Contour: An imaginary line on the ground, joining the points of same elevation or same R.L's is called as Contour'. Contour line: A line passing through points of equal elevation or equal R.L' ... OR The line of intersection of a level surface with ground surface is known as contour line.

Description : State meaning of i) A scale of plan ii) Drawing to scale.

Last Answer : i. A Scale of plan: A scale of plan is a ratio of linear dimensions of an object as represented in drawing to actual dimensions of the same object.  ii. Drawing to scale: The proportion by which the drawing of an object is enlarged or reduced is called as drawing to scale.

Description : State any two causes of local attraction.

Last Answer : Local attraction caused due to attraction of magnetic needle by following sources: i. Iron or steel structure ii. Electric cable line iii. Wires iv. Iron poles v. iron ore vi. Bunch of key vii. Knife viii. Steel Tape ix. Earth’s gravitational force of attraction

Description : Define plane survey and geodetic survey.

Last Answer : Plane survey: The survey in which curvature of the earth is not taken in to consideration is called as plane survey.  Geodetic survey: The survey in which curvature of the earth is taken in to consideration is called as geodetic survey.

Description : Enlist various methods of levelling.

Last Answer : Methods of leveling: i. Simple levelling ii. Differential levelling iii. Longitudinal levelling iv. Cross section levelling v. Fly levelling vi. Check levelling vii. Reciprocal levelling viii. Profile levelling

Description : Define “Chain survey”. 

Last Answer : Chain Survey: The Survey in which only linear measurements are taken in the field with the help of chain and remaining work such as plotting, calculation etc. are done in the office, is called as chain survey.