A child with a fracture of a tooth at the apical third of the root, what would be your first decision: A. Wait and recall after one month and observe for any necrotic or radiolucency B. Root canal treatment C. Extraction D. Apiectomy

A child with a fracture of a tooth at the apical third of the root, what would be your first decision:
A. Wait and recall after one month and observe for any necrotic or radiolucency  B. Root canal treatment
C. Extraction
D. Apiectomy
by

1 Answer

Answer :

A. Wait and recall after one month and observe for any necrotic or radiolucency
by

Related questions

A healthy 6 years-old child presents with carious maxillary second primary molar with a necrotic pulp. Which treatment would be preferred? A. Extraction B. Indirect pulp treatment C. Pulpotomy (it's done to preserve the vitality of the roots and allow normal exfoliation) D. Pulpectomy to preserve the tooth as a space manteiner. E. Antibiotic coverage

Description : A healthy 6 years-old child presents with carious maxillary second primary molar with a necrotic pulp. Which treatment would be preferred? A. Extraction B. Indirect pulp treatment C. ... normal exfoliation) D. Pulpectomy to preserve the tooth as a space manteiner. E. Antibiotic coverage

Last Answer : D. Pulpectomy to preserve the tooth as a space manteiner.

How long would it take to notice significant reduction in radiolucency after finishing a root filling in a tooth with a periapical lesion: A. 6 months B. 1 month C. 3 months

Description : How long would it take to notice significant reduction in radiolucency after finishing a root filling in a tooth with a periapical lesion: A. 6 months B. 1 month C. 3 months

Last Answer : A. 6 months

On an X ray you find the cement of the previous root canal treatment is extending 1mm beyond the apex without any symptoms; what would you do: A. Remove restoration material and retreat B. Apiectomy C. Leave as is until any complications occur

Description : On an X ray you find the cement of the previous root canal treatment is extending 1mm beyond the apex without any symptoms; what would you do: A. Remove restoration material and retreat B. Apiectomy C. Leave as is until any complications occur

Last Answer : C. Leave as is until any complications occur

Two central incisors on a radiograph are showing with what looks like eye drop radiolucency. You decided to start endodontic treatment on these teeth but when you tried to open access to the root canal you find clearly closed orifices with what look like secondary dentine. What is your initial management? A. Leave as it and start a permanent restoration. B. Start systemic antibiotic C. Try to ream and file canals

Description : Two central incisors on a radiograph are showing with what looks like eye drop radiolucency. You decided to start endodontic treatment on these teeth but when you tried to open access to the root ... and start a permanent restoration. B. Start systemic antibiotic C. Try to ream and file canals

Last Answer : C. Try to ream and file canals

All of the following should be considered for systemic antibiotic except: A. Extraction of tooth with acute dento alveolar abscess B. Necrotic ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG) unless it is acute. C. Extraction of 38 or 48 with acute pericoronitis D. Full mouth extraction for a patient with perio disease

Description : All of the following should be considered for systemic antibiotic except: A. Extraction of tooth with acute dento alveolar abscess B. Necrotic ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG) unless it is acute. C. ... of 38 or 48 with acute pericoronitis D. Full mouth extraction for a patient with perio disease

Last Answer : B. Necrotic ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG) unless it is acute.

While removing the second primary molar of a 9 years-old child, the apical ¼ of the root fractures and stays in the socket, A. You will just leave it and observe it B. You take surgically by a lingual flap C. You try to take out by using a root apex elevator D. You use a fine-end forceps to take it out

Description : While removing the second primary molar of a 9 years-old child, the apical ¼ of the root fractures and stays in the socket, A. You will just leave it and observe it B. You take surgically by a lingual ... try to take out by using a root apex elevator D. You use a fine-end forceps to take it out

Last Answer : A. You will just leave it and observe it

The lamina dura is seen on periapical radiographs as:CHECK A. Usual radiolucency between tooth root and surrounding bone as a thin white line. B. Cribriform plate of bone making the tooth socket C. Dense crestal bone consistent with a healthy periodontal status D. Pattern of radiopaque lines in supporting alveolar bone

Description : The lamina dura is seen on periapical radiographs as:CHECK A. Usual radiolucency between tooth root and surrounding bone as a thin white line. B. Cribriform plate of bone making the ... bone consistent with a healthy periodontal status D. Pattern of radiopaque lines in supporting alveolar bone

Last Answer : B. Cribriform plate of bone making the tooth socket

What indicates for a periapical surgery: A. Where performing an endodontic treatment on existing root canal filling may lead to fracture of the root B. When root canal treatment is faulty C. When there is danger of involving other structures D. When the bony defect is so extensive that the edges of the incisors will collapse E. None of the above

Description : What indicates for a periapical surgery: A. Where performing an endodontic treatment on existing root canal filling may lead to fracture of the root B. When root canal treatment is faulty C. When ... bony defect is so extensive that the edges of the incisors will collapse E. None of the above

Last Answer : A. Where performing an endodontic treatment on existing root canal filling may lead to fracture of the root

The most accurate finding of pulpal pathology A. Radiolucency on the apical region B. Pain on hot or cold drinks C. he absence of response to pulp testing

Description : The most accurate finding of pulpal pathology A. Radiolucency on the apical region B. Pain on hot or cold drinks C. he absence of response to pulp testing

Last Answer : C. he absence of response to pulp testing

A patient shows a lesion on the tongue adjacent to sharp tooth. You “round off” the sharp area and recall patient after one month to see the lesion turning smaller in size. What would be your next step: A. Keep observing B. Perform an excision biopsy C. Prescribe Kenalog and Orabase

Description : A patient shows a lesion on the tongue adjacent to sharp tooth. You “round off” the sharp area and recall patient after one month to see the lesion turning smaller in size. What would be your next step: A. Keep observing B. Perform an excision biopsy C. Prescribe Kenalog and Orabase

Last Answer : A. Keep observing

An 8 years-old child who has sustained a fracture of maxillary permanent central incisor in which 2mm of the pulp is exposed presents for treatment three hours after injury. Which of the following should be considered? a- Remove the surface 1. 2 mm of pulp tissue and place calcium hydroxide. b- Place calcium hydroxide directly on the exposed pulp. c- Pulpotomy using formocresol. d- Pulpectomy and immediate root filling. e- Pulpectomy and apexification.

Description : An 8 years-old child who has sustained a fracture of maxillary permanent central incisor in which 2mm of the pulp is exposed presents for treatment three hours after injury. Which of the ... - Pulpotomy using formocresol. d- Pulpectomy and immediate root filling. e- Pulpectomy and apexification.

Last Answer : a- Remove the surface 1. 2 mm of pulp tissue and place calcium hydroxide

8 years old child who has sustained a fracture of maxillary permanent central incisor in which 2mm of the pulp is exposed; presents for treatment three hours after injury. Which of the following should be considered? M07*********** A. Remove the surface 1-2 mm of pulp tissue and place calcium hydroxide (Cvek pulpotomy, apexogenesis) B. Place calcium hydroxide directly on the exposed pulp C. Pulpotomy using formocresol D. Pulpectomy and immediate root filling E. Pulpectomy and apexification

Description : 8 years old child who has sustained a fracture of maxillary permanent central incisor in which 2mm of the pulp is exposed; presents for treatment three hours after injury. Which of the ... C. Pulpotomy using formocresol D. Pulpectomy and immediate root filling E. Pulpectomy and apexification

Last Answer : A. Remove the surface 1-2 mm of pulp tissue and place calcium hydroxide (Cvek pulpotomy, apexogenesis)

The main factor controlling a decision to increase the occlusal height of teeth for extensive oral reconstruction is whether, A. the inter occlusal distance will be physiologically acceptable after treatment B. there will be sufficient tooth bulk in the abutment teeth for proper retention of the crowns C. at least two third of the original alveolar process will remain for adequate periodontal support D. the aesthetic appearance of the patient will improve sufficiently to warrant the planned reconstruction

Description : The main factor controlling a decision to increase the occlusal height of teeth for extensive oral reconstruction is whether, A. the inter occlusal distance will be physiologically ... the aesthetic appearance of the patient will improve sufficiently to warrant the planned reconstruction

Last Answer : A. the inter occlusal distance will be physiologically acceptable after treatment

The main factor controlling a decision to increase the occlusal height of teeth for extensive oral reconstruction is whether, A. The inter occlusal distance will be physiologically acceptable after treatment B. There will be sufficient tooth bulk in the abutment teeth for proper retention of the crowns C. At least two third of the original alveolar process will remain for adequate periodontal support D. The aesthetic appearance of the patient will improve sufficiently to warrant the planned reconstruction

Description : The main factor controlling a decision to increase the occlusal height of teeth for extensive oral reconstruction is whether, A. The inter occlusal distance will be physiologically ... . The aesthetic appearance of the patient will improve sufficiently to warrant the planned reconstruction

Last Answer : A. The inter occlusal distance will be physiologically acceptable after treatment

Treatment of gangrenous tooth: A. Pulp capping B. Root canal therapy C. Pulpotomy

Description : Treatment of gangrenous tooth: A. Pulp capping B. Root canal therapy C. Pulpotomy

Last Answer : B. Root canal therapy

On examination of an 8 years-old child you find 75 with carious exposure. On X-ray you find 35 missing. Your treatment is: A. Extraction of 75 allowing 36 to move mesially B. Pulpotomy on 75 and wait indefinitely C. Extraction of 75 and place a fixed space retainer to be replaced with fixed bridge. D. Extraction of 65 and 75

Description : On examination of an 8 years-old child you find 75 with carious exposure. On X-ray you find 35  missing. Your treatment is:  A. Extraction of 75 allowing 36 to move mesially  B. ... of 75 and place a fixed space retainer to be replaced with fixed bridge. D. Extraction of 65 and 75 

Last Answer : B. Pulpotomy on 75 and wait indefinitely  

Internal resorption is, A. Radiolucency over unaltered canal B. Usually in a response to trauma C. Radiopacity over unaltered canal

Description : Internal resorption is, A. Radiolucency over unaltered canal B. Usually in a response to trauma C. Radiopacity over unaltered canal

Last Answer : B. Usually in a response to trauma

An endodontic therapy was completed on a tooth with a periapical radiolucency. Marked reduction in size of radiolucency is expected in approximately: A. One year B. 6 months C. 3 months

Description : An endodontic therapy was completed on a tooth with a periapical radiolucency. Marked reduction in size of radiolucency is expected in approximately: A. One year B. 6 months C. 3 months

Last Answer : A. One year

The prognosis of teeth with apical resorption is : A. Poor B. Good if apex can be sealed C. Dependant upon periapical surgery D. Contingent upon systemic antibiotic therapy combined with treatment of the canal

Description : The prognosis of teeth with apical resorption is : A. Poor B. Good if apex can be sealed C. Dependant upon periapical surgery D. Contingent upon systemic antibiotic therapy combined with treatment of the canal

Last Answer : B. Good if apex can be sealed

.Lateral canals are usually found at: A. The middle of the root B. First third of the root close to the crown C. The apical third

Description : .Lateral canals are usually found at: A. The middle of the root B. First third of the root close to the crown C. The apical third

Last Answer : C. The apical third

Which of the following is the best evidence that a previous periodontal treatment is successful? A. The patient keeps a 3 month recall appointment B. There is no extrinsic stain C. The patient demonstrates good understanding of brushing and flossing techniques D. There is no bleeding on probing

Description : Which of the following is the best evidence that a previous periodontal treatment is successful? A. The patient keeps a 3 month recall appointment B. There is no extrinsic stain C. The patient demonstrates good understanding of brushing and flossing techniques D. There is no bleeding on probing

Last Answer : D. There is no bleeding on probing

cyst at the apex of an upper central incisor measuring 1 cm in diameter is visualized in radiograph and confirmed by aspiration biopsy; which method of treatment would you consider?** A. Extraction of the central incisor and retrieving the cyst through the socket B. Exteriorizing the cyst through the buccal bone and mucosa C. Making a mucoperiosteal flap and removing the cyst through an opening made in the alveolar bone, followed by tooth removal. D. Making a mucoperiosteal flap and removing the cyst through an opening made in the alveolar bone, followed by endodontic treatment. E. Routine orthograde endodontic treatment followed by observation.

Description : cyst at the apex of an upper central incisor measuring 1 cm in diameter is visualized in radiograph and confirmed by aspiration biopsy; which method of treatment would you consider?** ... bone, followed by endodontic treatment. E. Routine orthograde endodontic treatment followed by observation.

Last Answer : D. Making a mucoperiosteal flap and removing the cyst through an opening made in the alveolar bone, followed by endodontic treatment.

Following trauma to tooth, the next day there was no response to pulp tests you should?* A. Review again later B. Start endodontic treatment C. Extraction of tooth

Description : Following trauma to tooth, the next day there was no response to pulp tests you should?* A. Review again later B. Start endodontic treatment C. Extraction of tooth

Last Answer : A. Review again later

The emergency treatment for painless necrotic pulp is: A. Drainage through canals B. None

Description : The emergency treatment for painless necrotic pulp is: A. Drainage through canals B. None

Last Answer : A. Drainage through canals

On an X ray you find the Gutta Percha cone extending 1mm beyond the apex without any symptoms, what would you do: A. Remove restoration material until you are able to withdraw the Gutta Percha cone B. Apiectomy C. Leave as is until any complications occur

Description : On an X ray you find the Gutta Percha cone extending 1mm beyond the apex without any symptoms, what would you do: A. Remove restoration material until you are able to withdraw the Gutta Percha cone B. Apiectomy C. Leave as is until any complications occur

Last Answer : C. Leave as is until any complications occur

Following calcium hydroxide pulpotomy, the dentist would expect dentine bridge to form at, A. The exact level of amputation B. Level somewhere below the amputation C. Half way between amputation and apex D. At the apical region of the tooth

Description : Following calcium hydroxide pulpotomy, the dentist would expect dentine bridge to form at, A. The exact level of amputation B. Level somewhere below the amputation C. Half way between amputation and apex D. At the apical region of the tooth

Last Answer : B. Level somewhere below the amputation

The most prominent feature of acute apical periodontitis is: A. Tenderness of tooth to pressure B. Extra oral swelling C. Intermittent pain

Description : The most prominent feature of acute apical periodontitis is: A. Tenderness of tooth to pressure B. Extra oral swelling C. Intermittent pain

Last Answer : A. Tenderness of tooth to pressure

A patient has a small incisal fracture of the maxillary incisor. Which is the best material to resist fracture at the acid etched tooth composite interface: A. Micro-filled composite B. Hybrid composite C. GIC D. Silicate

Description : A patient has a small incisal fracture of the maxillary incisor. Which is the best material to resist fracture at the acid etched tooth composite interface: A. Micro-filled composite B. Hybrid composite C. GIC D. Silicate

Last Answer : B. Hybrid composite

What is the common appearance of vertical tooth fracture?* A. Perio abscess like appearance B. Displacement of fragments

Description : What is the common appearance of vertical tooth fracture?* A. Perio abscess like appearance B. Displacement of fragments

Last Answer : A. Perio abscess like appearance

To achieve optimum cavity preparation, which of the following factors of internal anatomy must be considered in root canal treatment: A. Outline form B. The age and shape of pulp chamber; in addition to the direction of individual root canals. C. Internal external relationship D. Intra-coronal preparation E. None of the above

Description : To achieve optimum cavity preparation, which of the following factors of internal anatomy must be considered in root canal treatment: A. Outline form B. The age and shape of pulp chamber; in ... root canals. C. Internal external relationship D. Intra-coronal preparation E. None of the above

Last Answer : B. The age and shape of pulp chamber; in addition to the direction of individual root canals.

X rays are used in endodontic treatment to: A. Aid in the diagnosis of periapical hard tissue lesion B. Determine the number, location, shape, size and direction of roots and root canals C. Confirm the length of root canals D. Evaluate the adequacy of the complete root canal filling E. All of the above

Description : X rays are used in endodontic treatment to: A. Aid in the diagnosis of periapical hard tissue lesion B. Determine the number, location, shape, size and direction of roots and root canals C. Confirm ... root canals D. Evaluate the adequacy of the complete root canal filling E. All of the above

Last Answer : E. All of the above

The initial priority in treatment of horizontal fractures is: A. Preservation of pulp B. Immobilisation C. Root canal treatment D. Calcium hydroxide treatment

Description : The initial priority in treatment of horizontal fractures is: A. Preservation of pulp B. Immobilisation C. Root canal treatment D. Calcium hydroxide treatment

Last Answer : B. Immobilisation

The most common cause of RCT “Root Canal Treatment” failure is: A. The canal not filled completely (Short obturation) B. Over filled canals

Description : The most common cause of RCT “Root Canal Treatment” failure is: A. The canal not filled completely (Short obturation) B. Over filled canals

Last Answer : A. The canal not filled completely (Short obturation)

A primary molar has relatively un-resorbed roots encompassing the permanent tooth bud. What extraction technique would you use to avoid the inadvertent removal of a developing bicuspid

Description : A primary molar has relatively un-resorbed roots encompassing the permanent tooth bud. What  extraction technique would you use to avoid the inadvertent removal of a developing bicuspid 

Last Answer : Section the tooth vertically and remove each root separately 

My g/f just broke off a piece of her molar. She already had a root canal done on that tooth and had a temporary filling (been there for awhile). If she can't get a crown in the next month of so, is she in trouble?

Description : My g/f just broke off a piece of her molar. She already had a root canal done on that tooth and had a temporary filling (been there for awhile). If she can't get a crown in the next month of so, is she in trouble?

Last Answer : answer:Would this happen in Canada? Anyway, my (absolutely non-expert) opinion is that a month will not make a difference.

Acute apical abscess-emergency treatment: A. Open and drain for two days B. Antibiotic and analgesic C. Clean and Ledermix

Description : Acute apical abscess-emergency treatment:  A. Open and drain for two days  B. Antibiotic and analgesic  C. Clean and Ledermix 

Last Answer : C. Clean and Ledermix 

A patient suffers a blow to his maxillary central incisor without resulting in fracture. The pulp may: A. Show immediate necrosis B. Become non-vital but only if treatment is delayed too long C. Become non vital irrespective of treatment D. No changes are seen later if fracture does not occur

Description : A patient suffers a blow to his maxillary central incisor without resulting in fracture. The pulp may: A. Show immediate necrosis B. Become non-vital but only if treatment is delayed too long C. Become non vital irrespective of treatment D. No changes are seen later if fracture does not occur

Last Answer : C. Become non vital irrespective of treatment

The objective of pulp capping is to: A. Preserve vitality of coronal pulp B. Preserve vitality of entire pulp C. Preserve vitality of radicular pulp D. Regenerate a degenerated and necrotic pulp E. None of the above

Description : The objective of pulp capping is to: A. Preserve vitality of coronal pulp B. Preserve vitality of entire pulp C. Preserve vitality of radicular pulp D. Regenerate a degenerated and necrotic pulp E. None of the above

Last Answer : B. Preserve vitality of entire pulp

Which of the following organisms are pathognomonic of acute necrotic ulcerative gingivitis? A. Spirochaetes and fusobacterium SP B. Spirochaetes and eikenella corrodes C. Polymorphs and lymphocytes D. Actinobacillus actinomycetes comitans oral capnocytophaga E. Porphyromonas gingivalis and prevotella intermedia

Description : Which of the following organisms are pathognomonic of acute necrotic ulcerative gingivitis? A. Spirochaetes and fusobacterium SP B. Spirochaetes and eikenella corrodes C. ... D. Actinobacillus actinomycetes comitans oral capnocytophaga E. Porphyromonas gingivalis and prevotella intermedia

Last Answer : A. Spirochaetes and fusobacterium SP

Swelling after RCT is mainly caused by (Being asked as: What is the most frequent cause of pain which occurs several days after obturation?, too): A. Entrapped Bacteria, or the presence of bacteria in the periapical region. B. Underfilling the root canal system C. Overfilled root canal

Description : Swelling after RCT is mainly caused by (Being asked as: What is the most frequent cause of pain which occurs several days after obturation?, too): A. Entrapped Bacteria, or the presence of bacteria in the periapical region. B. Underfilling the root canal system C. Overfilled root canal

Last Answer : A. Entrapped Bacteria, or the presence of bacteria in the periapical region.

Odontogenic cysts develop from the following structures except: A. Reduced enamel epithelium of tooth crown B. Dental lamina dura C. Epithelium trapped after sutures D. ertwig’s root sheath

Description : Odontogenic cysts develop from the following structures except: A. Reduced enamel epithelium of tooth crown B. Dental lamina dura C. Epithelium trapped after sutures D. ertwig’s root sheath

Last Answer : C. Epithelium trapped after sutures

During extraction of a maxillary third molar the tuberosity is fractured; however, it remains in place attached to the mucoperiosteum. Which of the following procedures should be employed:** A. Remove the tuberosity and suture B. Leave the tuberosity and stabilize if required C. Remove the tuberosity and fill the defect with Gelfoam then suture. D. If fractured tuberosity is greater than 2 cm, leave in place and suture

Description : During extraction of a maxillary third molar the tuberosity is fractured; however, it remains in place attached to the mucoperiosteum. Which of the following procedures should be employed:** A. Remove the ... then suture. D. If fractured tuberosity is greater than 2 cm, leave in place and suture

Last Answer : B. Leave the tuberosity and stabilize if required

In the construction of a full veneer gold crown, future recession of gingival tissue can be prevented or at least minimised by, A. Extension of the crown 1 mm under the gingival crevice B. Reproduction of normal tooth incline in the gingival one third of the crown C. Slight over contouring of the tooth in the gingival one fifth of the crown D. Slight under contouring of the tooth in the gingival one fifth of the crown

Description : In the construction of a full veneer gold crown, future recession of gingival tissue can be prevented or at least minimised by, A. Extension of the crown 1 mm under the gingival crevice B. ... of the crown D. Slight under contouring of the tooth in the gingival one fifth of the crown

Last Answer : B. Reproduction of normal tooth incline in the gingival one third of the crown

The minimal labial tooth reduction for satisfactory aesthetics with porcelain fused to metal crown is, A. 1mm B. The full thickness of enamel C. 1.5 mm D. 2.5mm E. One third of the dentine thickness

Description : The minimal labial tooth reduction for satisfactory aesthetics with porcelain fused to metal crown is, A. 1mm B. The full thickness of enamel C. 1.5 mm D. 2.5mm E. One third of the dentine thickness

Last Answer : C. 1.5 mm

Mesiobuccal root of maxillary first molars MOST COMMONLY have: A. One canal with one foreman B. One or two canals with one foreman C. Two canals with one foreman D. Two canals with two foramen

Description : Mesiobuccal root of maxillary first molars MOST COMMONLY have: A. One canal with one foreman B. One or two canals with one foreman C. Two canals with one foreman D. Two canals with two foramen

Last Answer : D. Two canals with two foramen

What is NOT characteristic of root canal filing materials (“obturation material”) A. Tacky adhesive to walls B. Radio opaque C. Not irritating D. Quick in setting

Description : What is NOT characteristic of root canal filing materials (“obturation material”) A. Tacky adhesive to walls B. Radio opaque C. Not irritating D. Quick in setting

Last Answer : D. Quick in setting

The method you will use to fill root canal of maxillary lateral incisor is: A. One major Gutta Percha cone B. Laterally condensed C. Laterally above condensed

Description : The method you will use to fill root canal of maxillary lateral incisor is: A. One major Gutta Percha cone B. Laterally condensed C. Laterally above condensed

Last Answer : B. Laterally condensed

The technique of placing guttapercha cones against the root canal walls providing space for additional guttapercha is termed: A. Lateral Condensation B. One major Gutta Percha point C. Laterally above condensed

Description : The technique of placing guttapercha cones against the root canal walls providing space for additional guttapercha is termed: A. Lateral Condensation B. One major Gutta Percha point C. Laterally above condensed

Last Answer : A. Lateral Condensation

What is the main function of EDTA in endodontics? A. Decalcification of dentine B. Cleaning debris from root canal

Description : What is the main function of EDTA in endodontics? A. Decalcification of dentine B. Cleaning debris from root canal

Last Answer : A. Decalcification of dentine

As far as surgical removal of wisdom teeth is concerned which of the following is true? a- Prophylactic prescription of antibiotic reduces dramatically the chances of infection. b- Raising a lingual flap will increases the incidence of neurapraxia but will reduce the incidence of neurotmesis with respect to the lingual nerve. c- Prophylactic prescription of dexamethasone will dramatically reduce post operative swelling. d- Inferior dental nerve injury is unlikely since the nerve passes medial to the wisdom tooth root. e- The use of vasoconstrictors in local anaesthetics will increase the chances of infection.

Description : As far as surgical removal of wisdom teeth is concerned which of the following is true? a- Prophylactic prescription of antibiotic reduces dramatically the chances of infection. b- Raising a lingual ... e- The use of vasoconstrictors in local anaesthetics will increase the chances of infection.

Last Answer : b- Raising a lingual flap will increases the incidence of neurapraxia but will reduce the incidence of neurotmesis with respect to the lingual nerve.