How was the atmosphere on Earth first formed? (a) Spontaneous combustion. (b) By comets and meteors, which were much more common at that time, delivering volatiles. (c) Evaporation from the ocean. (d) Volcanic emissions.

How was the atmosphere on Earth first formed?

(a) Spontaneous combustion.

(b) By comets and meteors, which were much more common at that

time, delivering volatiles.

(c) Evaporation from the ocean.

(d) Volcanic emissions.
by

1 Answer

Answer :

(b) By comets and meteors, which were much more common at that

time, delivering volatiles.
by

Related questions

This early atmosphere was rich in CO2 and H2O. How did oxygen enter our atmosphere? (a) Meteorites. (b) From organisms that evolved to convert CO2 and H20 into sugars (energy), resulting in the waste product oxygen. (c) Volcanic emissions. (d) Methanogenic bacteria.

Description : This early atmosphere was rich in CO2 and H2O. How did oxygen enter our atmosphere? (a) Meteorites. (b) From organisms that evolved to convert CO2 and H20 into sugars (energy), resulting in the waste product oxygen. (c) Volcanic emissions. (d) Methanogenic bacteria.

Last Answer : (b) From organisms that evolved to convert CO2 and H20 into sugars (energy), resulting in the waste product oxygen.

The net effect of circulation is to move warm air from the and thus moderate the equator-to-pole energy gradient created by . (a) the tropics to the poles; the difference insolation absorbed in day and night (b) the tropics to the poles; ocean circulation (c) from the surface up to the tropopause; more heating near the ground than aloft (d) the tropics to the poles; the latitudinal distribution of absorbed insolation (e) from the surface up to the tropopause; more heating in the atmosphere than at the surface from GHGs

Description : The net effect of circulation is to move warm air from the and thus moderate the equator-to-pole energy gradient created by . (a) the tropics to the poles; the difference insolation absorbed in ... from the surface up to the tropopause; more heating in the atmosphere than at the surface from GHGs

Last Answer : the tropics to the poles; the latitudinal distribution of absorbed insolation

Consider the diurnal (daily) cycle of temperature at the surface. Why is the tem- perature maximum in the mid-to-late afternoon? (a) There is a net energy gain at the surface from dawn to mid- afternoon. (b) Clouds form in mid-to-late afternoon, cutting down the solar heating and cooling the surface. (c) The intensity of solar radiation is at a maximum at this time. (d) Late in the day, evaporation from the surface increases and this cools the surface.

Description : Consider the diurnal (daily) cycle of temperature at the surface. Why is the tem- perature maximum in the mid-to-late afternoon? (a) There is a net energy gain at the surface from dawn to mid- ... this time. (d) Late in the day, evaporation from the surface increases and this cools the surface.

Last Answer : There is a net energy gain at the surface from dawn to mid- afternoon.

What would happen if gravity suddenly doubled on Earth, but the mass of the atmosphere did not change? (a) Surface pressure would stay the same but the density would increase. (b) Surface pressure would increase but the density would stay the same. (c) Surface pressure and density would both increase. (d) Surface density and pressure would stay the same because the atmosphere is in hydrostatic balance.

Description : What would happen if gravity suddenly doubled on Earth, but the mass of the atmosphere did not change? (a) Surface pressure would stay the same but the density would increase. (b) Surface ... (d) Surface density and pressure would stay the same because the atmosphere is in hydrostatic balance.

Last Answer : Surface pressure and density would both increase.

If Earth had no greenhouse gases, the planet would be ? (a) Too hot to support life. (b) Cooler but still able to support life. (c) Too cold to support life. EDIT: COMPLEX LIFE (d) It depends on the species of aerosol in the GHG-free atmosphere

Description : If Earth had no greenhouse gases, the planet would be ? (a) Too hot to support life. (b) Cooler but still able to support life. (c) Too cold to support life. EDIT: COMPLEX LIFE (d) It depends on the species of aerosol in the GHG-free atmosphere

Last Answer : Too cold to support life. EDIT: COMPLEX LIFE

Recall homework 2 in which we calculated emissivity for a single layer atmosphere. If the atmosphere were to suddenly become a perfect emitter (i.e., if e = 1 rather than e = 0.8), what would happen to the surface temperature? (a) The surface temperature would be lower. (b) The surface temperature would be the same. (c) The surface temperature would be higher. (d) There would be initial warming followed by cooling as the planet moves toward radiative equilibrium.

Description : Recall homework 2 in which we calculated emissivity for a single layer atmosphere. If the atmosphere were to suddenly become a perfect emitter (i.e., if e = 1 rather than e = 0.8), ... . (d) There would be initial warming followed by cooling as the planet moves toward radiative equilibrium.

Last Answer : (c) The surface temperature would be higher.

Why are there jets in the midlatitudes in the upper troposphere? (a) Air is warmer in the tropics than the poles, resulting in a poleward pressure gradient that increases with increasing height. (b) Because air near the surface experiences the drag of surface friction, while air in the upper troposphere does not. (c) Due to variations in temperature between continents and ocean. (d) Due to the constant bending by the Coriolis force. (e) Both A and D are correct.

Description : Why are there jets in the midlatitudes in the upper troposphere? (a) Air is warmer in the tropics than the poles, resulting in a poleward pressure gradient that increases with increasing height. (b) Because ... d) Due to the constant bending by the Coriolis force. (e) Both A and D are correct.

Last Answer : (e) Both A and D are correct.

Has there been a steady decrease in the height of Greenland in the 20th Century? (a) Yes. (b) No. (c) The height has increased and decreased due to changing wind patterns. (d) Yes, because of dramatic increases in the calving rate of glacial ice into the surrounding ocean.

Description : Has there been a steady decrease in the height of Greenland in the 20th Century? (a) Yes. (b) No. (c) The height has increased and decreased due to changing wind patterns. (d) Yes, because of dramatic increases in the calving rate of glacial ice into the surrounding ocean.

Last Answer : (b) No

What place experiences the greatest seasonal variability in temperature? (a) The North Atlantic Ocean (b) Central Canada (c) Costa Rica, Central America (d) Mumbai, India.

Description : What place experiences the greatest seasonal variability in temperature? (a) The North Atlantic Ocean (b) Central Canada (c) Costa Rica, Central America (d) Mumbai, India.

Last Answer : (b) Central Canada

After the sun rises, rapid heating of the air over the land compared to that over the ocean often causes of near surface air over the land. (a) Localized subsidence and high pressure. (b) Localized convection and high pressure. (c) Localized subsidence and low pressure. (d) Localized convection and low pressure.

Description : After the sun rises, rapid heating of the air over the land compared to that over the ocean often causes of near surface air over the land. (a) Localized subsidence and high pressure. (b ... and high pressure. (c) Localized subsidence and low pressure. (d) Localized convection and low pressure.

Last Answer : (d) Localized convection and low pressure.

Increasing carbon dioxide will cause sea ice to reduce in spatial coverage. In turn, the reduced sea ice extent is a (a) Positive feedback on surface temperature because it has a greater albedo than ocean (b) Positive feedback on surface temperature because it has a lower albedo than ocean (c) Positive feedback on surface temperature because sea ice has lower heat ca- pacity than ocean (d) Both B and C are true

Description : Increasing carbon dioxide will cause sea ice to reduce in spatial coverage. In turn, the reduced sea ice extent is a (a) Positive feedback on surface temperature because it has a greater albedo than ocean ( ... because sea ice has lower heat ca- pacity than ocean (d) Both B and C are true

Last Answer :  Positive feedback on surface temperature because it has a greater albedo than ocean

The order of the atmospheric layers, starting from closest to the surface to the top of the atmosphere, is (a) Mesosphere, Troposphere, Thermosphere, Stratosphere (b) Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere (c) Thermosphere, Mesophere, Troposphere, Stratosphere (d) Troposphere, Mesosphere, Stratosphere, Thermosphere

Description : The order of the atmospheric layers, starting from closest to the surface to the top of the atmosphere, is (a) Mesosphere, Troposphere, Thermosphere, Stratosphere (b) Troposphere, ... (c) Thermosphere, Mesophere, Troposphere, Stratosphere (d) Troposphere, Mesosphere, Stratosphere, Thermosphere

Last Answer : (b) Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere

What is geostrophic balance? (a) The exact balance of incoming SW and outgoing LW radiation at the top of the atmosphere. (b) The exact balance of vertical pressure gradient and gravity in the atmosphere. (c) The exact balance of the Coriolis force, horizontal pressure gradient force and friction. (d) The exact balance of the Coriolis force and the horizontal pressure gradient force.

Description : What is geostrophic balance? (a) The exact balance of incoming SW and outgoing LW radiation at the top of the atmosphere. (b) The exact balance of vertical pressure gradient and gravity in ... friction. (d) The exact balance of the Coriolis force and the horizontal pressure gradient force.

Last Answer : (d) The exact balance of the Coriolis force and the horizontal pressure gradient force.

When did the Earth form? (a) 10 billion years ago (b) 4.6 billion years ago (c) 446 million years ago (d) 6,000 years ago

Description : When did the Earth form? (a) 10 billion years ago (b) 4.6 billion years ago (c) 446 million years ago (d) 6,000 years ago

Last Answer : (b) 4.6 billion years ago

Multiple Choice [1 point each] (1) The gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect on Earth are, in order of greatest to smallest in importance, (a) CO2, H20, CH4 (b) H20, CO2, CH4 (c) CH4, CO2, H20 (d) H20, CH4, CO2

Description : Multiple Choice [1 point each] (1) The gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect on Earth are, in order of greatest to smallest in importance, (a) CO2, H20, CH4 (b) H20, CO2, CH4 (c) CH4, CO2, H20 (d) H20, CH4, CO2

Last Answer : (b) H20, CO2, CH4

The minor planets revolving between the orbits of Marsh and Jupiter are called (a) Asteroids (b) Comets (c) Meteors (d) Novas

Description : The minor planets revolving between the orbits of Marsh and Jupiter are called (a) Asteroids (b) Comets (c) Meteors (d) Novas

Last Answer : Ans:(a)

How much would the sea level rise if all of the Arctic sea ice melted? (a) 0 m (b) 5 m (c) 10 m (d) 50 m

Description : How much would the sea level rise if all of the Arctic sea ice melted? (a) 0 m (b) 5 m (c) 10 m (d) 50 m

Last Answer : (a) 0 m

At a constant pressure, hot air than cold air (a) is more dense (b) is less dense (c) has more vapor (d) has less vapor

Description : At a constant pressure, hot air than cold air (a) is more dense (b) is less dense (c) has more vapor (d) has less vapor

Last Answer : (b) is less dense

Air over the oceans is colder in summer and warmer in winter compared with air over the continental regions. This is because (a) Water is translucent and has a relatively high heat capacity compared to dirt (b) Compared to dirt, a thicker layer of water participates in the seasonal cycle (c) The albedo of water is greater than that of land and thus reflects more solar radiation (d) Both A and B are true (e) The effect is due to the changes in circulation between continents and oceans

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Last Answer : (d) Both A and B are true

For winds that last six hours or more, such as a midlatitude storm, the air movement is modified by which causes the air to be deflected to . (a) Hydrostatic Force; the right in the Northern Hemisphere (b) Coriolis Force; the right in the Northern Hemisphere (c) Friction; the left in the Northern Hemisphere (d) Coriolis Force; the left in the Northern Hemisphere

Description : For winds that last six hours or more, such as a midlatitude storm, the air movement is modified by which causes the air to be deflected to . (a) Hydrostatic Force; the right in the ... c) Friction; the left in the Northern Hemisphere (d) Coriolis Force; the left in the Northern Hemisphere

Last Answer : (b) Coriolis Force; the right in the Northern Hemisphere

What is the relationship of absorbed solar to outgoing infrared at the poles? (a) Absorbed Solar > emitted IR (b) Absorbed Solar <emitted IR (c) Absorbed Solar = emitted IR (d) This varies depending on time of year.

Description : What is the relationship of absorbed solar to outgoing infrared at the poles? (a) Absorbed Solar > emitted IR (b) Absorbed Solar

Last Answer : (b) Absorbed Solar

The first step in the generation of a sea breeze is . (a) air over land expands and builds a pressure gradient at the surface that pushes air offshore (b) air over land expands and builds a pressure gradient at the surface that pushes air onshore (c) hot air over land rises, cools and forms a cloud (d) air over land expands and builds a pressure gradient aloft that pushes air offshore

Description : The first step in the generation of a sea breeze is . (a) air over land expands and builds a pressure gradient at the surface that pushes air offshore (b) air over land expands and builds ... forms a cloud (d) air over land expands and builds a pressure gradient aloft that pushes air offshore

Last Answer : air over land expands and builds a pressure gradient aloft that pushes air offshore

Where is Your Favorite U.S.A. Climate?

Description : Where is Your Favorite U.S.A. Climate?

Last Answer : Alaska.

Does anyone miss the 'Global Cooling' hype from the 1970's. Why?

Description : Does anyone miss the 'Global Cooling' hype from the 1970's. Why?

Last Answer : I was in my negative-teens by that time, but I miss it. Because a cooler world would be nice. One of the first episodes (perhaps THE first?) of Sliders, Quinn does go into an alternate world in which “Global Cooling” was being talked about. And his squeeky fence was no longer squeeky.

was Greenland at some point in history green if so does that not point to a cycle of warming and cooling the planet goes though

Description : was Greenland at some point in history green if so does that not point to a cycle of warming and cooling the planet goes though

Last Answer : answer:Greenland was named “Greenland” as a diversion against possible enemies trying to attack Iceland (which is actually the “green” land) It’s stupidly clever really.

If profit of the company is Rs 20,000 , sales is 10 per unit and variable cost is Rs 4 per unit calculate Margin of safety. a) Rs 33,333.33 b) Rs 16,666.67 c) Rs 10,000 d) Rs 20,000

Description : If profit of the company is Rs 20,000 , sales is 10 per unit and variable cost is Rs 4 per unit calculate Margin of safety. a) Rs 33,333.33 b) Rs 16,666.67 c) Rs 10,000 d) Rs 20,000

Last Answer : a) Rs 33,333.33

The object of budgetary control is __________ a) Planning b) Forecasting c) organizing d) directing

Description : The object of budgetary control is __________ a) Planning b) Forecasting c) organizing d) directing

Last Answer : a) Planning

Why are there winds? (a) Because air flows down-hill. (b) Because of temperature differences. (c) Because air flows from high density to low density. (d) Because air flows along isobars.

Description : Why are there winds? (a) Because air flows down-hill. (b) Because of temperature differences. (c) Because air flows from high density to low density. (d) Because air flows along isobars.

Last Answer : (b) Because of temperature differences.

In the stratosphere, why does temperature increase with increasing height? (a) Conduction. (b) Convection. (c) Greater absorption of ultraviolet radiation at the top of the strato- sphere. (d) The pressure and density rapidly decrease as you go up through the strato- sphere, thus the ideal gas law requires temperature to increase too.

Description : In the stratosphere, why does temperature increase with increasing height? (a) Conduction. (b) Convection. (c) Greater absorption of ultraviolet radiation at the top of the strato- sphere. (d ... you go up through the strato- sphere, thus the ideal gas law requires temperature to increase too.

Last Answer : Greater absorption of ultraviolet radiation at the top of the strato- sphere.

What is the relationship of absorbed solar to outgoing infrared in the tropics? (a) Absorbed Solar > emitted IR (b) Absorbed Solar < emitted IR (c) Absorbed Solar = emitted IR (d) It varies throughout the year.

Description : What is the relationship of absorbed solar to outgoing infrared in the tropics? (a) Absorbed Solar > emitted IR (b) Absorbed Solar < emitted IR (c) Absorbed Solar = emitted IR (d) It varies throughout the year.

Last Answer : (a) Absorbed Solar > emitted IR

Let’s say we are flying over a large, flat part of Africa. Half of the area is hotter than the other half. The surface pressure is 1000 hPa everywhere. If we fly over at an elevation of 500 m above the surface, in which area does the pressure gauge (altimeter) in our plane read the lowest pressure? (a) The cold part. (b) The hot part. (c) The gauge reads the same pressure everywhere. (d) The gauge varies with the latitude and the temperature of the surface.

Description : Let's say we are flying over a large, flat part of Africa. Half of the area is hotter than the other half. The surface pressure is 1000 hPa everywhere. If we fly over at an elevation ... reads the same pressure everywhere. (d) The gauge varies with the latitude and the temperature of the surface.

Last Answer : (a) The cold part.

In the sea breeze, which onsets quickly (< 3 hours), air tends to move . (a) From areas of high pressure to low pressure (b) From areas of low pressure to high pressure (c) Along lines of equal pressure (isobars) (d) Across lines of equal pressure (isobars)

Description : In the sea breeze, which onsets quickly (< 3 hours), air tends to move . (a) From areas of high pressure to low pressure (b) From areas of low pressure to high pressure (c) Along lines of equal pressure (isobars) (d) Across lines of equal pressure (isobars)

Last Answer : From areas of high pressure to low pressure

In the sea breeze, which onsets quickly (< 3 hours), air tends to move . (a) From areas of high pressure to low pressure (b) From areas of low pressure to high pressure (c) Along lines of equal pressure (isobars) (d) Across lines of equal pressure (isobars)

Description : In the sea breeze, which onsets quickly (< 3 hours), air tends to move . (a) From areas of high pressure to low pressure (b) From areas of low pressure to high pressure (c) Along lines of equal pressure (isobars) (d) Across lines of equal pressure (isobars)

Last Answer : (a) From areas of high pressure to low pressure

On average, how do low clouds affect the surface temperature (compared to a clear sky)? (a) Low clouds warm the surface by increasing the greenhouse effect (b) Low clouds cool the surface by increasing the energy emitted to space (c) Low clouds cool the surface by increasing the albedo (d) It depends on whether they are comprised of ice or liquid water

Description : On average, how do low clouds affect the surface temperature (compared to a clear sky)? (a) Low clouds warm the surface by increasing the greenhouse effect (b) Low clouds cool the surface by ... surface by increasing the albedo (d) It depends on whether they are comprised of ice or liquid water

Last Answer : (c) Low clouds cool the surface by increasing the albedo

On average, how do high clouds affect the surface temperature (compared to a clear sky)? (a) High clouds warm the surface by increasing the greenhouse effect (b) High clouds cool the surface by increasing the energy emitted to space (c) High clouds cool the surface by increasing the albedo (d) It depends on whether they are comprised of ice or liquid water

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Last Answer : High clouds warm the surface by increasing the greenhouse effect

Given light of wavelength λa = 600nm and light of λb = 550nm, which has a higher energy per photon? (a) Ea > Eb (b) Ea = Eb (c) Neither has energy because light at these wavelengths carries no energy (d) Eb > Ea

Description : Given light of wavelength λa = 600nm and light of λb = 550nm, which has a higher energy per photon? (a) Ea > Eb (b) Ea = Eb (c) Neither has energy because light at these wavelengths carries no energy (d) Eb > Ea

Last Answer : (d) Eb > Ea

What physical law gives the flux of energy of an idealized object above 0 K? (a) P = ρRT (b) So(r/r0) 2 (c) σT4 (d) hν

Description : What physical law gives the flux of energy of an idealized object above 0 K? (a) P = ρRT (b) So(r/r0) 2 (c) σT4 (d) hν

Last Answer : (c) σT4

Newark Climate

Description : Newark Climate

Last Answer : Newark's Continental Climate More than anything, its temperature that makes or breaks a location. Who would want to relocate to a city with nothing but snow in the air and on the ground all ... following month, February, did little to alleviate the cold, as the record was -7 degrees Fahrenheit.

Austria Climate

Description : Austria Climate

Last Answer : The Deep Seasons of Austria The climate in Austria is what you'd call the perfect year-round weather . Austria goes around the calender with four distinct seasons: the hot days and cool nights of ... , same as with the rest of the world, likely due to the worsening problems in global warming.

(3) Oxides of nitrogen and sulphur Explanation: Acid rain is caused by emissions of oxides of Sulfur and Nitrogen (Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen Oxide), which react with the water molecules in the atmosphere to produce acids. The emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) result from fossil fuel combustion.

Description : (3) Oxides of nitrogen and sulphur Explanation: Acid rain is caused by emissions of oxides of Sulfur and Nitrogen (Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen Oxide), which react with the water molecules in the ... The emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) result from fossil fuel combustion.

Last Answer : (3) live wire and the neutral wire Explanation: Three wires enter most homes from the power pole-two "hot" wires and a third "neutral" wire. Each hot wire provides 120- volt current for ... the main switch is put off because the electric circuit (the path where the electricity travels) gets opened.

How many meteors enter Earth's atmosphere every day?

Description : How many meteors enter Earth's atmosphere every day?

Last Answer : Thousands each day. Most of them are tiny; the size of grains of sand or grains of rice. Only a few dozen per day are as big as a Baseball, and only a few per week are substantially larger.

The oxygen in the earth's atmosphere was probably produced by which of the following? w) volcanos x) photosynthetic organisms y) radioactive minerals z) meteors

Description : The oxygen in the earth's atmosphere was probably produced by which of the following? w) volcanos x) photosynthetic organisms y) radioactive minerals z) meteors

Last Answer : ANSWER: X -- PHOTOSYNTHETIC ORGANISMS

Iceland has a great deal of volcanic activity. The reason for this is: w) it was formed above a mid-ocean rift. x) it is part of the "Ring of Fire". y) two tectonic plates are rubbing against each other under Iceland. z) the American plate is diving under the European plate in this region.

Description : Iceland has a great deal of volcanic activity. The reason for this is: w) it was formed above a mid-ocean rift. x) it is part of the "Ring of Fire". y) two tectonic plates are rubbing against each other under Iceland. z) the American plate is diving under the European plate in this region.

Last Answer : ANSWER: W -- IT WAS FORMED ABOVE A MID-OCEAN RIFT.

A coal having high ratio of volatile matter to fixed carbon as compared to a coal having low ratio of volatile matter to fixed carbon (A) Is less liable to spontaneous combustion on storage (B) Is more difficult to ignite and produces a shorter flame (C) Requires smaller combustion space and less secondary air (D) None of these

Description : A coal having high ratio of volatile matter to fixed carbon as compared to a coal having low ratio of volatile matter to fixed carbon (A) Is less liable to spontaneous combustion on storage (B) ... a shorter flame (C) Requires smaller combustion space and less secondary air (D) None of these

Last Answer : (D) None of these

Spontaneous Human Combustion: myth or reality?

Description : Spontaneous Human Combustion: myth or reality?

Last Answer : I think it is a load of crap, this whole spontaneous human co….......WHOOOSHHHHH…... ................

What if everything you thought about Spontaneous Human Combustion was wrong?

Description : What if everything you thought about Spontaneous Human Combustion was wrong?

Last Answer : Are you proposing this as reality or just asking for fun?

Is there a modern-day case of spontaneous combustion?

Description : Is there a modern-day case of spontaneous combustion?

Last Answer : Good question…not sure… if there is I couldn’t find one but did find this interesting

Do you think spontaneous combustion can actually happen?

Description : Do you think spontaneous combustion can actually happen?

Last Answer : Myth. It’s an urban legend until it can be scientifically quantified.

What are your thoughts on spontaneous human combustion ?

Description : What are your thoughts on spontaneous human combustion ?

Last Answer : i think tha…BOOM!

Could spontaneous combustion be the result of a malfunction in respiration rate?

Description : Could spontaneous combustion be the result of a malfunction in respiration rate?

Last Answer : Yes…No…What was the question?