What is normalization?

What is normalization?
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1 Answer

Answer :

It is a process of analysing the given relation schemas based on their Functional Dependencies  (FDs) and primary key to achieve the properties
∙ Minimizing redundancy
∙ Minimizing insertion, deletion and update anomalies.
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Related questions

Spurious tuples may occur due to i. Bad normalization ii. Theta joins iii. Updating tables from join a) i& ii b) ii & iii c) i& iii d) ii & iii

Description : Spurious tuples may occur due to i. Bad normalization ii. Theta joins iii. Updating tables from join a) i& ii b) ii & iii c) i& iii d) ii & iii

Last Answer : a) i& ii b) ii & iii

Is normalization of pedophilia inevitable?

Description : Is normalization of pedophilia inevitable?

Last Answer : The normalization of pedophilia theory is usually touted by far right wing lunatics who are already vehemently anti-gay. There is absolutely no way that acting on pedophiliac urges will ever ... so ridiculous that a lot of conservatives can't comprehend the difference between consent and coercion.

Won't normalization of relations with Cuba risk the embarrassing prospect of planeloads of American "medical refugees" besieging the island for health care and pharmaceuticals?

Description : Won't normalization of relations with Cuba risk the embarrassing prospect of planeloads of American "medical refugees" besieging the island for health care and pharmaceuticals?

Last Answer : Probably right with ones extorting the average American, getting laws passed to protect their interest. BUT don't worry they will undoubtedly spread some sort of propaganda saying it's for the little guys best ... , and you want to know the sad part is a LOT of your citizens will believe them.

A patient who has had a previous stroke and is taking warfarin tells the nurse that he started taking garlic to help reduce his blood pressure. The nurse knows that garlic when taken together with warfarin a) can greatly increase the international normalization ratio (INR) and therefore increase the risk of bleeding. Garlic and warfarin taken together can greatly increase the INR, increasing the risk of bleeding.

Description : A patient who has had a previous stroke and is taking warfarin tells the nurse that he started taking garlic to help reduce his blood pressure. The nurse knows that garlic when taken ... headaches. Garlic and warfarin taken together can greatly increase the INR, increasing the risk of bleeding.

Last Answer : a) can greatly increase the international normalization ratio (INR) and therefore increase the risk of bleeding. Garlic and warfarin taken together can greatly increase the INR, increasing the risk of bleeding.

Information per source is called a. A. sampling b. B. quantization c. C. entropy d. D. normalization

Description : Information per source is called a. A. sampling b. B. quantization c. C. entropy d. D. normalization

Last Answer : c. C. entropy

If the P(E) = 1, it means event a. does not occur b. always occur c. no probability d. Normalization

Description : If the P(E) = 1, it means event a. does not occur b. always occur c. no probability d. Normalization

Last Answer : b. always occur

………………. First proposed the process of normalization. A) Edgar. W B) Edgar F. Codd C) Edward Stephen D) Edward Codd

Description : ………………. First proposed the process of normalization. A) Edgar. W B) Edgar F. Codd C) Edward Stephen D) Edward Codd

Last Answer : B) Edgar F. Codd

If an attribute of a composite key is dependent on an attribute of the other composite key, a normalization called ................ is needed. A) DKNF B) BCNF C) Fourth D) Third

Description : If an attribute of a composite key is dependent on an attribute of the other composite key, a normalization called ................ is needed. A) DKNF B) BCNF C) Fourth D) Third

Last Answer : B) BCNF

A .................. normal form normalization will be needed where all attributes in a relation tuple are not functionally dependent only on the key attribute. A) First B) Second C) Third D) Fourth

Description : A .................. normal form normalization will be needed where all attributes in a relation tuple are not functionally dependent only on the key attribute. A) First B) Second C) Third D) Fourth

Last Answer : C) Third

…………………… is the process of organizing data into related tables. A) Normalization B) Generalization C) Specialization D) None of the above

Description : …………………… is the process of organizing data into related tables. A) Normalization B) Generalization C) Specialization D) None of the above

Last Answer : A

Relational database schema normalization is NOT for: (A) reducing the number of joins required to satisfy a query. (B) eliminating uncontrolled redundancy of data stored in the database. (C) eliminating number of anomalies that could otherwise occur with inserts and deletes. (D) ensuring that functional dependencies are enforced.

Description : Relational database schema normalization is NOT for: (A) reducing the number of joins required to satisfy a query. (B) eliminating uncontrolled redundancy of data stored in the database. (C) ... could otherwise occur with inserts and deletes. (D) ensuring that functional dependencies are enforced. 

Last Answer : reducing the number of joins required to satisfy a query.

List advantages of Normalization.

Description : List advantages of Normalization. 

Last Answer : List of Advantages of Normalization are the following: 1. More efficient data structure. 2. Avoid redundant fields or columns. 3. More flexible data structure i.e. we should be able to ... 7. Minimizes data duplication. 8. Close modeling of real world entities, processes and their relationships.

Define Normalization, list its types.

Description : Define Normalization, list its types.

Last Answer : Normalization is a systematic approach of decomposing tables to eliminate data redundancy(repetition) and undesirable characteristics like Insertion, Update and Deletion Anomalies. It is a multi-step process that ... data from the relation tables. Types of Normalization are: 1NF,2NF,3NF,4NF,5NF

What does "jumps off the screen" mean?

Description : What does "jumps off the screen" mean?

Last Answer : answer:AMD is a relatively small manufacturer but well established in the industry. In this context, AMD jumps off the screen at the guy doing the research into acquiring companies for ... chip manufacturing division, but AMD is the one that really stands out from an acquisition perspective.

How to add conditions in select statement in oracle?

Description : How to add conditions in select statement in oracle?

Last Answer : Just add the decode

How can I dump an oracle schema to a LOCAL file over a network connection from sqlplus?

Description : How can I dump an oracle schema to a LOCAL file over a network connection from sqlplus?

Last Answer : By connecting and spooling are you excluding the exp/imp commands (or expdb/impdb in 10g)?

What are the two ways to incorporate images into a oracle forms application?

Description : What are the two ways to incorporate images into a oracle forms application?

Last Answer : Boilerplate Images Image_items

Can one export a subset of a table? (for DBA

Description : Can one export a subset of a table? (for DBA

Last Answer : From Oracle8i one can use the QUERY= export parameter to selectively unload a subset of the data from a table. Look at this example: exp scott/tiger tables=emp query=\"where deptno=10\"

What are the types of visual attribute settings?

Description : What are the types of visual attribute settings?

Last Answer : Custom Visual attributes Default visual attributes Named Visual attributes. Window

How does one use the import/export utilities? (for DBA

Description : How does one use the import/export utilities? (for DBA

Last Answer : Look for the "imp" and "exp" executables in your $ORACLE_HOME/bin directory. One can run them interactively, using command line parameters, or using parameter files. Look at the imp/exp parameters ... and export data with the "Schema Manager" GUI that ships with Oracle Enterprise Manager (OEM).

what is a display item?

Description : what is a display item?

Last Answer : Display items are similar to text items but store only fetched or assigned values. Operators cannot navigate to a display item or edit the value it contains.

What is import/export and why does one need it? (for DBA

Description : What is import/export and why does one need it? (for DBA

Last Answer : The Oracle export (EXP) and import (IMP) utilities are used to perform logical database backup and recovery. They are also used to move Oracle data from one machine, database or schema to ... corruption. Ensure that all the data can be read. . Transporting tablespaces between databases . Etc.

Are there any troubleshooting tips for OEM? (for DBA

Description : Are there any troubleshooting tips for OEM? (for DBA

Last Answer : . Create the OEM repository with a user (which will manage the OEM) and store it in a tablespace that does not share any data with other database users. It is a bad practice to create ... successfully. Check the log to see the results of the execution rather than relying on this status.

Where can one get more information about TCL? (for DBA

Description : Where can one get more information about TCL? (for DBA

Last Answer : One can write custom event checking routines for OEM using the TCL (Tool Command Language) language. Check the following sites for more information about TCL: . The Tcl Developer Xchange - ... the OraTCL package . Tom Poindexter's Tcl Page - Oratcl was originally written by Tom Poindexter

How does one start the Oracle Intelligent Agent? (for DBA

Description : How does one start the Oracle Intelligent Agent? (for DBA

Last Answer : One needs to start an OIA (Oracle Intelligent Agent) process on all machines that will to be managed via OEM. For OEM 9i and above:

What is the Oracle Intelligent Agent? (for DBA

Description : What is the Oracle Intelligent Agent? (for DBA

Last Answer : The Oracle Intelligent Agent (OIA) is an autonomous process that needs to run on a remote node in the network to make the node OEM manageable. The Oracle Intelligent Agent is ... events registered in Enterprise Manager; and . Executing tasks associated with jobs submitted to Enterprise Manager.

What are the types of SQL Statement ?

Description : What are the types of SQL Statement ?

Last Answer : Data Definition Language : CREATE,ALTER,DROP,TRUNCATE,REVOKE,NO AUDIT & COMMIT.

How does one backout events and jobs during maintenance slots? (for DBA

Description : How does one backout events and jobs during maintenance slots? (for DBA

Last Answer : Managemnet and data collection activity can be suspended by imposing a blackout. Look at these examples: agentctl start blackout # Blackout the entrire agent agentctl stop blackout # Resume normal monitoring ... management agentctl start blackout -s jobs -d 00:20 # Blackout jobs for 20 minutes

What are the pre requisites ?

Description : What are the pre requisites ?

Last Answer : I. to modify data type of a column ? ii. to add a column with NOT NULL constraint ? To Modify the datatype of a column the column must be empty. to add a column with NOT NULL constrain, the table must be empty.

What kind of jobs can one schedule with OEM? (for DBA

Description : What kind of jobs can one schedule with OEM? (for DBA

Last Answer : OEM comes with pre-defined jobs like Export, Import, run OS commands, run sql scripts, SQL*Plus commands etc. It also gives you the flexibility of scheduling custom jobs written with the TCL language.

Difference between SUBSTR and INSTR ?

Description : Difference between SUBSTR and INSTR ?

Last Answer : INSTR (String1,String2(n,(m)),INSTR returns the position of the mth occurrence of the string 2 instring1. The search begins from nth position of string1.SUBSTR (String1 n,m)SUBSTR returns a character string of size m in string1, starting from nth position of string1.

Should the OEM Console be displayed at all times (when there are scheduled jobs)? (for DBA

Description : Should the OEM Console be displayed at all times (when there are scheduled jobs)? (for DBA

Last Answer : When a job is submitted the agent will confirm the status of the job. When the status shows up as scheduled, you can close down the OEM console. The processing of the job is managed by the OIA ... that OEM will not be able to send e-mail and paging notifications when the Console is not started.

Explain UNION,MINUS,UNION ALL, INTERSECT ?

Description : Explain UNION,MINUS,UNION ALL, INTERSECT ?

Last Answer : INTERSECT returns all distinct rows selected by both queries.MINUS - returns all distinct rows selected by the first query but not by the second.UNION - returns all distinct rows selected by either queryUNION ALL - returns all rows selected by either query, including all duplicates.

WHY USE RMAN ? (for DBA

Description : WHY USE RMAN ? (for DBA

Last Answer : No extra costs Its available free ?RMAN introduced in Oracle 8 it has become simpler with newer versions and easier than user managed backups ?Proper security ?You are 100% sure your ... what need to backed up Knows what is required for recovery Knows what backups are redundant

WHAT IS RMAN ? (for DBA

Description : WHAT IS RMAN ? (for DBA

Last Answer : Recovery Manager is a tool that: manages the process of creating backups and also manages the process of restoring and recovering from them.

What is the basic structure of PL/SQL ?

Description : What is the basic structure of PL/SQL ?

Last Answer : PL/SQL uses block structure as its basic structure. Anonymous blocks or nested blocks can be used in PL/SQL.

What are the two parts of a procedure ?

Description : What are the two parts of a procedure ?

Last Answer : Procedure Specification and Procedure Body.

What are the datatypes a available in PL/SQL ?

Description : What are the datatypes a available in PL/SQL ?

Last Answer : Some scalar data types such as NUMBER, VARCHAR2, DATE, CHAR, LONG, BOOLEAN. Some composite data types such as RECORD & TABLE.

What are the return values of functions SQLCODE and SQLERRM ? What is Pragma EXECPTION_INIT ? Explain the usage ?

Description : What are the return values of functions SQLCODE and SQLERRM ? What is Pragma EXECPTION_INIT ? Explain the usage ?

Last Answer : SQLCODE returns the latest code of the error that has occurred. SQLERRM returns the relevant error message of the SQLCODE.

What is Overloading of procedures ?

Description : What is Overloading of procedures ?

Last Answer : The Same procedure name is repeated with parameters of different datatypes and parameters in different positions, varying number of parameters is called overloading of procedures. e.g. DBMS_OUTPUT put_line

s it possible to set a filter condition in a cross product group in matrix reports?

Description : s it possible to set a filter condition in a cross product group in matrix reports?

Last Answer : No

Can a repeating frame be created without a data group as a base?

Description : Can a repeating frame be created without a data group as a base?

Last Answer : No

What is an OLE?

Description : What is an OLE?

Last Answer : Object Linking & Embedding provides you with the capability to integrate objects from many Ms-Windows applications into a single compound document creating integrated applications enables you to use the features form .

What are the different objects that you cannot copy or reference in object groups?

Description : What are the different objects that you cannot copy or reference in object groups?

Last Answer : Objects of different modules Another object groups Individual block dependent items Program units.

If the maximum record retrieved property of the query is set to 10 then a summary value will be calculated?

Description : If the maximum record retrieved property of the query is set to 10 then a summary value will be calculated?

Last Answer : Only for 10 records.

Are there any undocumented commands in Oracle? (for DBA

Description : Are there any undocumented commands in Oracle? (for DBA

Last Answer : Sure there are, but it is hard to find them. Look at these examples: From Server Manager (Oracle7.3 and above): ORADEBUG HELP It looks like one can change memory locations with the ORADEBUG POKE ... rdbms/lib/oradbx.o; make -f oracle.mk oradbx) SQL*Plus: ALTER SESSION SET CURRENT_SCHEMA = SYS;

How does one use ORADEBUG from Server Manager/ SQL*Plus? (for DBA

Description : How does one use ORADEBUG from Server Manager/ SQL*Plus? (for DBA

Last Answer : Execute the "ORADEBUG HELP" command from svrmgrl or sqlplus to obtain a list of valid ORADEBUG commands. Look at these examples: SQLPLUS> REM Trace SQL statements with bind variables SQLPLUS> oradebug ... oradebug lkdebug -a convres SQLPLUS> oradebug lkdebug -r (i.e 0x8066d338 from convres dump)

What is the OPTIMAL parameter?

Description : What is the OPTIMAL parameter?

Last Answer : How does one use ORADEBUG from Server Manager/ SQL*Plus? (for DBA

What is the use of TABLES option in EXP command ?

Description : What is the use of TABLES option in EXP command ?

Last Answer : List of tables should be exported.ze)

What is the use of PARFILE option in EXP command ?

Description : What is the use of PARFILE option in EXP command ?

Last Answer : Name of the parameter file to be passed for export.